누베이 신석기 유적 (Nubei neolithic relics of Jarud Banner, Inner Mongolia)

[心濟]

The Neolithic cemetery is located about 40 kilometers southeast to Nubei Town of Jarud Banner, Inner Mongolia. It has a grassy marshland landscape, which is the confluence of the southern part of the Daxing’anling mountain and the Ke’er sand grounds.

During 2006 and 2007, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Inner Mongolia, conducted excavation in two phases over the cemetery. Within an excavated area of 7600m², 347 tombs, two ditches and two pits were unearthed. There are over 750 pieces of varies pottery, stone(Jade), bone and shell artifacts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

The cemetery is divided into south and north parts distributed in belt-like form and 300m apart from each other.  All tombs were upright shaft tomb with a southeast-northwest orientation, with heads facing the southeast. Burial pits were 1-3m in length and 0.5-1.0m in width. There were head niches or feet niches in the tombs without burial goods occasionally. Burial styles were mostly singular extended burial, with a few sideways burials, prone burials or contracted burials. There were less than ten couples and triple flatliner burials. A few of the tombs contained no human remains. Some tombs were clearly twice-buried in the southern area. Furthermore, two burnt tombs have also been found.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Burial potteries contained that tube jars, double ears pots, Zun, bowls, Dou as well as animal-shaped pots. The most common combination is tube jars with double ears pot or arc body jars with folded lips. Most of them are made up of fine sand and grit pottery, with very few clay pots. The firing temperature is not high, with thin walls and uniformed shape.

 The colour of the pottery were mostly yellowish-brown or brownish, some were burnished black pottery with minimal grayish-brown wares. Common decorations on pottery were long raised stripes, as well as carved or impressed triangle and meandering geometrize patterns. There were also a few meshes thin rope designs and prod marks. Painted pottery including double ears pots, turtle-sharped pots, with geometrize or parallel linings on it.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

Pressure-flaked or percussed stone implements were sightly more than polished stone implements. Microliths were neatly shaped and carefully chiselled, including arrowheads, flake tools, chopping platforms and scrapers. The percussed stone implement were axes, adzes, chisels, grinding base, grinding sticks, etc. Moreover, huge amounts of jade and turquoise adornments were found, including axes, adzes, rings, huang, tubed bead, round pendant and lamellar pendant. Most bone artefacts were stone blade with bone handle, with a few awls and tubes. Shell implements have mostly been rotted, with a few rings and beat being identified.

 

The cemetery belongs to the Late Neolithic period. Rich cultural remains were found with distinctive characteristics in burial goods. Yet some Xiaoheyan Culture factors were also embedded in it. In some cases, pottery contained close similarities with the Xinminpianbaozi  type.

 

The cemetery has a unique geographic setting, which was the interaction of various fusion zones with different prehistoric cultures in the northeast. The discovery has prominent values for the construction of basic frame of prehistoric archaeological cultures in the northeast region.

 

 

중공사회과학원 에서