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『마음맹(
『마음盲: 자폐증과 마음이론에 관한 과학에세이』, Simon Baron-Cohen 지음,
『Mindblindness: an essay on autism and theory of mind』, Simon Baron-Cohen, 1995
Baron-Cohen(xi쪽) : It tells us, for example, that color is out there in the world, an independent property of the objects we live among.
l “independent”를 빼먹었다.
Baron-Cohen(xi쪽) : But scientific investigations have led us, logical step by logical step, to escape our fanatically insistent, inelastic intuitions.
l “insistent(집요한)”를 “inconsistent(일관성이 없는)”로 착각한 것 같다.
Baron-Cohen(xi쪽) : Far from being a physical property of objects, color is a mental property – a useful invention that specialized circuitry computes in our minds and then “projects onto” our percepts of physically colorless objects.
l “전문화된 회로인”은 문제가 있는 번역이다.
Baron-Cohen(xi쪽) : Although it is a modern truism to say that we live in culturally constructed worlds, the thin surface of cultural construction is dwarfed by (and made possible by) the deep underlying strata of evolved species-typical cognitive construction.
l “modern truism”은 별로 안 좋은 뉘앙스를 풍기는데 “자명한”으로 번역했다.
l “dwarfed by”를 빼먹었다.
Baron-Cohen(xii쪽) : Each of the neural automata responsible for these constructions is the carefully crafted product of thousands or millions of generations of natural selection, and each makes its own distinctive contribution to the cognitive model of the world that we individually experience as reality.
l “millions”는 “수만”이 아니라 “수백만”이다.
Baron-Cohen(xii쪽) : Indeed, it is exactly because of their universal and automatic character that we have been blind to the existence of the machinery that constitutes most of the evolved architecture of the human mind – what might reasonably called our cognitive instincts.
l “most”는 “가장”이 아니라 “거의 대부분”이다.
Baron-Cohen(xiii쪽) : They encountered artificial mentalities in the computer lab that had obstinate difficulties in seeing, speaking, handling objects, understanding, or doing almost anything that humans do effortlessly.
l “seeing”은 “듣기”가 아니라 “보기”다.
l “obstinate”은 “상당한”이 아니라 “집요한”이다.
Baron-Cohen(xiii쪽) : They encountered the developing minds of infants and children, which forced them to confront the intractable computational and philosophical problems that plague empiricist models of how children acquire knowledge.
l “아기와 아동의 마음이 상당히 어려운 계산 문제와 철학적 문제를 해결할 수 있다는 사실”은 잘못된 번역이다.
Baron-Cohen(xiv쪽) : There are specialized systems for grammar induction, for face recognition, for dead reckoning, for construing objects, and for recognizing emotions from the face.
l “dead reckoning”은 “죽은 것을 알아보는 것”이 아니라 “추측 항법”이다. 사막에 사는 어떤 개미가 사용한다고 한다.
Baron-Cohen(xiv쪽) : There are mechanisms to detect animacy, eye direction, and cheating.
Baron-Cohen(xiv쪽) : …, social-exchange algorithms that define a social world of agents, benefits, requirements, contingency, and cheating; …
l “benefits”, “contingency”를 잘못 번역했다.
Baron-Cohen(xiv쪽) : This language is generated by still other mechanisms that detect eye direction and feed the data into a variety of social inference modules.
l “feed”의 주어는 단수형인 “language”가 아니라 복수형인 “mechanisms”이다.
Baron-Cohen(xiv쪽) : The realization that the human mind is densely multimodular has propelled modern psychology into a new theoretical landscape that is strikingly different from the standard empiricist approaches of the past.
l “standard”를 빼먹었다.
Baron-Cohen(xv쪽) : In this new phase of the cognitive revolution, discovering and mapping the various functionally specialized modules of the human brain will be primary activities.
l “이 새로운 단계인 인지혁명 단계에서는”은 문제가 있는 번역이다. 글쓴이는 인지 혁명의 두 단계를 염두에 두고 있는 것이다. 첫 번째 단계의 인지 혁명으로 행동주의가 인지 심리학으로 대체되었다. 두 번째 단계의 인지 혁명으로 전통적 인지 심리학이 진화 심리학(인지 심리학과 진화 생물학의 결합)으로 대체된다.
l “도해”도 꼭 맞는 번역어는 아니지만 “연결짓는”은 더 어울리지 않는다. 여기서 “mapping”은 “지도 만들기”를 뜻한다.
Baron-Cohen(xv쪽) : As a result, the psychological architecture can now be mapped – simultaneously and complementarily – as a system of computational relationships and as a physical system that implements these relationships.
l “이러한 관계를 동시에 상호보완적으로 내장하는”은 잘못된 번역이다.
l “내장하는”보다는 “구현하는”이 더 적절하다.
Baron-Cohen(xv쪽) : These fields have begun to contribute an increasingly detailed list of the native information-processing functions that the human brain was built to execute.
l “native”는 “자연적인”이 아니라 “타고난”이다.
l “상당히 상세하게 제공해 준다”는 정밀하지 못한 번역이다.
Baron-Cohen(xvi쪽) : Consequently, all reliably developing functional mechanisms in a species’ psychological architecture must (1) be ascribed to the operation of natural selection, (2) be consistent with its principles, and indeed (3) be organized and specifically designed to solve the narrowly identifiable sets of biological information-processing problems defined by selection operating within the context of a species’ ancestral mode of life.
l “reliabily”를 빼먹었다. 이 단어는 매우 중요하다.
l “만들어지고 조직화되어야”는 정밀하지 못한 번역이다.
Baron-Cohen(xvi쪽) : For humans, of course, this means the world of ancestral hunter-gatherers, foraging hominids, and even pre-hominid primates.
l “무리지어 사냥하던”이라는 구절은 원문에 없다.
l “foraring”은 “약탈”을 뜻하지 않는다.
l “hominid”는 “원시인류”가 아니라 “사람과”이다.
l “primate”는 “유인원”이 아니라 “영장류”다. 영장류는 원숭이(monkey, old world monkey), 원원류(prosimian, new world monkey, 원시원숭이), 유인원(ape, hominid, ape와 hominid가 완벽한 동의어인지는 잘 모르겠다)으로 이루어져 있다.
Baron-Cohen(xvi쪽) : What we take for granted – the achievement of coordinated models of our mutual social interactions – he shows to be a triumph of automated modules and evolutionary cognitive engineering.
l “사회적 상호작용을 협동적으로 하는 일”은 잘못된 번역이다.
Baron-Cohen(xviii쪽) : A color-blind individual loses one dimension of the visual world. A blind individual loses the entire visual world.
l 두 문장을 하나로 만들었다.
Baron-Cohen(xviii쪽) : As the capstone of this research program, he and his colleagues used these new cognitive models to develop a method for detecting autism far earlier than anyone believed possible and successfully tested it on a base population of 16,000 children.
l 번역이 정밀하지 못하다.
Baron-Cohen(xviii쪽) : It deserves the careful attention of everyone studying social cognition and development, and because it encapsulates so many of the themes of psychology’s metamorphosis it will become recognized as a milestone in the naturalization of the psychological sciences.
l “naturalization”은 “전파”가 아니다.
l “milestone”은 “시금석”이 아니라 “이정표”다.