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이 글에서는 다른 분이 찾아낸 두 건과 내가 찾아낸 세 건을 모아놓았다. 이
정도면
http://www.google.co.kr
과 같은 검색 엔진에서
이 글을 읽은 여러분들에게 부탁하고 싶다. 이 글을 널리 퍼 날라서
[Why] [
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/10/31/2008103101086.html
입력 :
The Science of Gossip: Why We Can't Stop Ourselves
By Frank T. McAndrew
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-science-of-gossip
다음 글을 참조하라.
「한국 과학칼럼의 현실」
http://evopsy.egloos.com/3968609
[Why] [
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/06/04/2010060401783.html
입력 :
Living in denial: Why sensible people reject the truth
by Debora MacKenzie
다음 글을 참조하라.
「지식 오퍼상, 조선일보 기고자 <
http://theacro.com/zbxe/198030
[
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/07/16/2010071601217.html
입력 :
The Ethical Dog
By MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-ethical-dog
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: When canids and other animals play, they use actions such as vigorous biting, mounting and body slamming that could be easily misinterpreted by the participants. Years of painstaking video analyses by one of us (Bekoff) and his students show, however, that individuals carefully negotiate play, following four general rules to prevent play from escalating into fighting.
영어 문장 중에서 단어들을 솎아내 보자
When canids … play, they use actions such as vigorous biting, mounting …. … following four … rules to prevent play from escalating into fighting.
그러면
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Communicate clearly. Animals announce that they want to play and not fight or mate.
솎아낸 문장: Communicate clearly. … announce that they want to play ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Canids use a bow to solicit play, crouching on their forelimbs while standing on their hind legs (above).
솎아낸 문장: Canids use … to solicit play, crouching on their forelimbs while standing on their hind legs.
“뒷다리를 세운 채 앞다리를 웅크리는 자세로”가 훌륭한 번역인 것 같지는 않지만 ...
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Bows are used almost exclusively during play and are highly stereotyped—that is, they always look the same—so the message “Come play with me” or “I still want to play” is clear.
솎아낸 문장: Bows are used … during play …—that is, they always look the same—so the message … is clear.
“Bows”를 “이 자세”로 바꾸었을 뿐이다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Even when an individual follows a play bow with seemingly aggressive actions such as baring teeth, growling or biting, his companions demonstrate submission or avoidance only around 15 percent of the time, which suggests they trust the bow’s message that whatever follows is meant in fun. Trust in one another’s honest communication is vital for a smoothly functioning social group.
솎아낸 문장: … which suggests they trust the bow’s message that whatever follows is meant in fun. … for a smoothly functioning social group.
이번 문장에는 창작이 많이 들어갔다. “fun”이 “놀고 싶다”로 바뀌었고, “smoothly functioning social group”는 “싸우지 않고 잘 지내는”으로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Mind your manners.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Animals consider their play partners’ abilities and engage in self-handicapping and role reversing to create and maintain equal footing.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Admit when you are wrong.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Even when everyone wants to keep things fair, play can sometimes get out of hand. When an animal misbehaves or accidentally hurts his play partner, he apologizes—just like a human would.
솎아낸 문장: … play can sometimes get out of hand. When an animal misbehaves or accidentally hurts his play partner, he apologizes—just like a human would.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: After an intense bite, a bow sends the message, “Sorry I bit you so hard—this is still play regardless of what I just did. Don’t leave; I’ll play fair.”
솎아낸 문장: After an intense bite, a bow sends the message, “Sorry …—…. Don’t leave; I’ll play fair.”
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: For play to continue, the other individual must forgive the wrongdoing. And forgiveness is almost always offered; understanding and tolerance are abundant during play as well as in daily pack life.
솎아낸 문장: For play to continue, …. And forgiveness is almost always offered; understanding and tolerance are abundant during play ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Be honest.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: An apology, like an invitation to play, must be sincere—individuals who continue to play unfairly or send dishonest signals will quickly find themselves ostracized.
솎아낸 문장: An apology, … must be sincere—individuals who continue to play unfairly or send dishonest signals will quickly find themselves ostracized.
“send dishonest signals”가 “잘못을 뉘우치지 않거나”로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: This has far greater consequences than simply reduced playtime; for instance, Bekoff’s long-term field research shows that juvenile coyotes who do not play fair often end up leaving their pack and are up to four times more likely to die than those individuals who remain with others.
솎아낸 문장: … coyotes … end up leaving their pack and are up … more likely to die ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Violating social norms, established during play, is not good for perpetuating one’s genes.
원문에는 유전자에 대해 이야기했는데 개체의 생존에 대한 이야기로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Canids, like humans, form intricate networks of social relationships and live by rules of conduct that maintain a stable society, which is necessary to ensure the survival of each individual.
솎아낸 문장: Canids, like humans, … live by rules of conduct …, which is necessary to ensure the survival of each individual.
“엄격한”을 추가하는 놀라운 창작력!
[Why][
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/04/30/2010043001748.html
입력 :
Do Animals Commit Suicide? A Scientific Debate
By Justin Nobel Friday, Mar. 19, 2010
http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1973486,00.html
Justin Nobel:
The moment transformed the dolphin trainer into an animal-rights activist for
life, and his role in The Cove, the
Oscar-winning documentary about the dolphin-meat business in a small town in
Justin Nobel:
Forty years ago, Richard O'Barry watched Kathy, a
dolphin in the 1960s television show Flipper,
kill herself. Or so he says. She looked him in the eye,
sank to the bottom of a steel tank and stopped breathing. The moment
transformed the dolphin trainer into an animal-rights activist for life, and
his role in The Cove, the
Oscar-winning documentary about the dolphin-meat business in a small town in
솎아낸 문장: … Richard O'Barry watched Kathy … kill herself. …. She looked him …, sank to the bottom of a steel tank and stopped breathing. The moment transformed the dolphin trainer into an animal-rights activist …. …. … creatures with a brain larger than a human brain. If life becomes so unbearable, they just don't take the next breath. …."
“take the next breath” “다음 숨을 내쉬지”보다는 “다음 숨을 들이쉬지”가 더 어울리기는 하지만…
Justin Nobel: It's suicide.
Justin Nobel: Animal suicide may seem absurd, yet the concept is as old as philosophy. Aristotle told a story about a stallion that leaped into an abyss after realizing it was duped into mating with its mother, and the topic was discussed by early Christian theologians and Victorian academics.
솎아낸 문장: Animal suicide … the concept is as old as philosophy. Aristotle told a story about a stallion that leaped into an abyss after realizing it was duped into mating with its mother ….
Justin Nobel:
The usual suspect this time was the dog. In 1845 the Illustrated London News reported on a
솎아낸 문장: … was the dog. In 1845 the Illustrated London News reported on a
“Illustrated London News”는 “영국 런던의 신문”이 되었고, “Newfoundland”는 “값비싼 검정개”가 되었다.
Justin Nobel:
The Endeavour paper points to Iberian
folklore on suicidal scorpions; when surrounded by flames, they will sting
themselves in the back. In the early 1880s in
솎아낸 문장: … Iberian folklore on suicidal scorpions;
when surrounded by flames, they will sting themselves …. In the early 1880s in
“sting itself”가 “반복적으로 자신을 파괴하는”으로 바뀌었다.
Justin Nobel: To prove him wrong, the psychologist Conwy Lloyd Morgan set up a series of traps for the critters. "He surrounded them with fire, condensed sunbeams on their backs, heated them in a bottle, burned them with phosphoric acid, treated them with electric shocks and subjected them to 'general and exasperating courses of worry,' " notes the Endeavour article.
솎아낸 문장: To prove him wrong, the psychologist Conwy Lloyd Morgan set up a series of traps for the critters. "…, heated them in a bottle, …, treated them with electric shocks and ….
“자살하려는 것보다는 본능적으로 자극을 피하려는 단순한 몸짓으로 보였다”라는
구절은 Justin Nobel의 글에는 안 나오는데
[Why] [
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/05/28/2010052801534.html
입력 :
Into Thin Air: Mountain Climbing Kills Brain Cells
By R.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=brain-cells-into-thin-air
R. Douglas Fields: Although a person’s tolerance to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) varies according to differences in innate physiology and physical conditioning, no one is immune.
솎아낸 문장: Although a person’s tolerance to hypoxia … varies ….
R. Douglas Fields: The first acute stage is called, naturally enough, acute mountain sickness.
솎아낸 문장: The first … stage is called, …, acute mountain sickness.
R. Douglas Fields: It can cause headache, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.
R. Douglas Fields: The next, more serious stage is high- altitude cerebral edema, also known as HACE, brain swelling that is potentially fatal.
솎아낸 문장: The next, … is high- altitude cerebral edema, …, brain swelling ….
R. Douglas Fields: Lack of oxygen can directly damage brain cells.
솎아낸 문장: Lack of oxygen … damage brain cells.
R. Douglas Fields: In addition, the walls of blood capillaries begin to leak at high altitudes, and the leaked fluid can cause dangerous swelling, pressing the brain outward against the rigid skull.
솎아낸 문장: In addition, the walls of blood capillaries begin to leak at high altitudes, and the leaked fluid can cause … swelling, pressing the brain … against the rigid skull.
R. Douglas Fields: Sometimes the optic nerves swell so badly they bulge into the back of the eye, degrading vision and causing retinal hemorrhages.
솎아낸 문장: Sometimes the optic nerves swell so badly …, degrading vision and causing retinal hemorrhages.
R. Douglas Fields: Meanwhile blood, concentrated from dehydration and thickened by increased numbers of red blood cells, clots more easily. This clotting, along with the hemorrhage from the thinned capillaries, can cause a stroke.
솎아낸 문장: Meanwhile blood, …, clots more easily. This clotting, …, can cause a stroke.
R. Douglas Fields: A climber with HACE may experience amnesia, confusion, delusions, emotional disturbance, personality changes and loss of consciousness.
솎아낸 문장: A climber … may experience amnesia, …, delusions, emotional disturbance, personality changes and loss of consciousness.
R. Douglas Fields: But one of the sobering things about the Fayed study is that even when climbers showed no signs of acute sickness, the scans still found brain damage.
솎아낸 문장: … even when climbers showed no signs of acute sickness, the scans still found brain damage.
R. Douglas
Fields: Neurologist Nicolás Fayed and his colleagues in
솎아낸 문장: Neurologist Nicolás Fayed …, Spain, performed MRI brain scans on … climbers (…) who had returned from high-altitude expeditions, ….
R. Douglas Fields: Of the 13 climbers, three had made the 8,848-meter summit, three had reached 8,100 meters, and seven had topped out between 6,500 and 7,500 meters. The expedition had no major mishaps, and none of the 12 professional climbers evinced any obvious signs of high-altitude illness; the only acute case of mountain sickness was a mild one in the expedition’s amateur climber. Yet only one of the 13 climbers (a professional) returned with a normal brain scan. All the scans of the other 12 showed cortical atrophy or enlargement of the Virchow-Robin (VR) spaces.
솎아낸 문장: Of the 13 climbers, three had made the 8,848-meter summit, …. …, and none of the 12 professional climbers evinced any obvious signs of high-altitude illness; …. Yet only one of the 13 climbers (…) returned with a normal brain scan. All the scans of the other 12 showed ….
R. Douglas
Fields: Fayed and his colleagues also studied an eight-person team that
attempted
솎아낸 문장: …also studied an eight-person team that
attempted Aconcagua, a 6,962-meter summit in the
Argentine Andes. …. …. All eight
R. Douglas
Fields: Still,
솎아낸 문장: Still,
R. Douglas Fields: The body is remarkably resilient: Does the brain recover from these mountaineering wounds? To answer this question, the researchers reexamined the same climbers three years after the expedition, with no other high-altitude climbing intervening. In all cases, the damage was still apparent on the second set of scans.
솎아낸 문장: The body is remarkably resilient: Does the brain recover from these mountaineering wounds? … the researchers reexamined the same climbers three years after the expedition, …. In all cases, the damage was still apparent on the second set of scans.
R. Douglas Fields: At the same time, the experience required to become well acclimated seems to take an ever increasing cumulative toll; compared with the amateurs, professional climbers in this study had greater cortical atrophy overall. They felt stronger but showed more brain damage.
솎아낸 문장: At the same time, the experience required to become well acclimated seems to take an ever increasing cumulative toll; …. They felt stronger but showed more brain damage.
R. Douglas
Fields: Some 5,000 climbers ascend Himalayan peaks every year. Thousands more
climb peaks in the Alps and
R. Douglas Fields: Many sense that the singular “it” residing in George Mallory’s pithy raison d’ascent—“Because it’s there!”—may soon be gone.
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신문은 잘못이 없다고 생각합니다.
그 자체의 존재 목적이 진실의 전달에 있지도 않으며
어떤 사실을 검증할만한 능력을 갖추고 있지 않고 존재 목적을 따르자면 그럴 필요도 없기 때문입니다.