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http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/07/16/2010071601217.html
입력 :
The Ethical Dog
By MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-ethical-dog
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: When canids and other animals play, they use actions such as vigorous biting, mounting and body slamming that could be easily misinterpreted by the participants. Years of painstaking video analyses by one of us (Bekoff) and his students show, however, that individuals carefully negotiate play, following four general rules to prevent play from escalating into fighting.
영어 문장 중에서 단어들을 솎아내 보자
When canids … play, they use actions such as vigorous biting, mounting …. … following four … rules to prevent play from escalating into fighting.
그러면
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Communicate clearly. Animals announce that they want to play and not fight or mate.
솎아낸 문장: Communicate clearly. … announce that they want to play ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Canids use a bow to solicit play, crouching on their forelimbs while standing on their hind legs (above).
솎아낸 문장: Canids use … to solicit play, crouching on their forelimbs while standing on their hind legs.
“뒷다리를 세운 채 앞다리를 웅크리는 자세로”가 훌륭한 번역인 것 같지는 않지만 ...
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Bows are used almost exclusively during play and are highly stereotyped—that is, they always look the same—so the message “Come play with me” or “I still want to play” is clear.
솎아낸 문장: Bows are used … during play …—that is, they always look the same—so the message … is clear.
“Bows”를 “이 자세”로 바꾸었을 뿐이다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Even when an individual follows a play bow with seemingly aggressive actions such as baring teeth, growling or biting, his companions demonstrate submission or avoidance only around 15 percent of the time, which suggests they trust the bow’s message that whatever follows is meant in fun. Trust in one another’s honest communication is vital for a smoothly functioning social group.
솎아낸 문장: … which suggests they trust the bow’s message that whatever follows is meant in fun. … for a smoothly functioning social group.
이번 문장에는 창작이 많이 들어갔다. “fun”이 “놀고 싶다”로 바뀌었고, “smoothly functioning social group”는 “싸우지 않고 잘 지내는”으로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Mind your manners.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Animals consider their play partners’ abilities and engage in self-handicapping and role reversing to create and maintain equal footing.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Admit when you are wrong.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Even when everyone wants to keep things fair, play can sometimes get out of hand. When an animal misbehaves or accidentally hurts his play partner, he apologizes—just like a human would.
솎아낸 문장: … play can sometimes get out of hand. When an animal misbehaves or accidentally hurts his play partner, he apologizes—just like a human would.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: After an intense bite, a bow sends the message, “Sorry I bit you so hard—this is still play regardless of what I just did. Don’t leave; I’ll play fair.”
솎아낸 문장: After an intense bite, a bow sends the message, “Sorry …—…. Don’t leave; I’ll play fair.”
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: For play to continue, the other individual must forgive the wrongdoing. And forgiveness is almost always offered; understanding and tolerance are abundant during play as well as in daily pack life.
솎아낸 문장: For play to continue, …. And forgiveness is almost always offered; understanding and tolerance are abundant during play ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Be honest.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: An apology, like an invitation to play, must be sincere—individuals who continue to play unfairly or send dishonest signals will quickly find themselves ostracized.
솎아낸 문장: An apology, … must be sincere—individuals who continue to play unfairly or send dishonest signals will quickly find themselves ostracized.
“send dishonest signals”가 “잘못을 뉘우치지 않거나”로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: This has far greater consequences than simply reduced playtime; for instance, Bekoff’s long-term field research shows that juvenile coyotes who do not play fair often end up leaving their pack and are up to four times more likely to die than those individuals who remain with others.
솎아낸 문장: … coyotes … end up leaving their pack and are up … more likely to die ….
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Violating social norms, established during play, is not good for perpetuating one’s genes.
원문에는 유전자에 대해 이야기했는데 개체의 생존에 대한 이야기로 바뀌었다.
MARC BEKOFF and Jessica Pierce: Canids, like humans, form intricate networks of social relationships and live by rules of conduct that maintain a stable society, which is necessary to ensure the survival of each individual.
솎아낸 문장: Canids, like humans, … live by rules of conduct …, which is necessary to ensure the survival of each individual.
“엄격한”을 추가하는 놀라운 창작력!
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