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Timeline : Manchuria |
916-1125 |
Liao Dynasty |
1125-1234 |
Jurchen state under Jin (Kin) Dynasty |
1234-1368 |
Manchuria part of Yuan Dynasty China |
1368-1595 |
Manchuria part of Ming Dynasty China |
1595 |
Nurhachi appointed Ming general |
1599 |
Creation of Manchurian script, at order of Nurhachi |
1616 |
Nurhachi proclaimed the Later Qin Dynasty (i.e. declared independence from Ming China) |
1629 |
First Manchu raid into Ming China |
1636 |
Nurhachi's son Abahai proclaimed Qing Dynasty |
1642-1644 |
Manchu conquest of China (in outlying areas, the conquest took longer) |
1689 |
Treaty of Nerchinsk; Russia and Qing Dynasty China established border on rim of Stanovoy Mountains |
1858 |
Treaty of Aigun; Qing Dynasty China compelled to cede Amur Province to Russia |
1860 |
Treaty of Beijing (Peking); Qing Dynasty China compelled to cede Far Eastern Province to Russia |
1860 |
Qing China opened Manchuria for immigration of Han Chinese |
1864 |
Newchwang opened for international trade |
1894-1895 |
Sino-Japanese War; China ceased Lianing Peninsula to Japan; Triple Alliance intervened |
1896 |
Russia, Qing China signed Li-Lobanov Treaty which extended Russian influence in Manchuria |
1897 |
Population of Manchuria estimated at 6 million |
1898 |
Port Arthur leased to Russia for 25 years |
1898 |
Begin of railroad construction (by the Russians); immigration of Han Chinese intensified; foundation of Harbin |
1900 |
Anti-Russian riots in Manchuria during Boxer Rebellion |
1900-1904 |
Russian military occupation of Manchuria; in 1902 partial withdrawal |
1904-1905 |
Russo-Japanese War; Russia ceded lease over Port Arthur, interest sphere of southern Manchuria to Japan |
1907 |
Russo-Japanese treaty confirmed spheres of interest in Manchuria |
1907 |
Dandong (Antung); Darien (Port Arthur), Manchouli (Heilungkiang), Tatungkow (Shengking) opened for international trade |
1908 |
Suifenho (Kirin) opened for international trade |
1909 |
Aigun (Heilungjiang), Harbin, Sansing (Kirin) opened for international trade |
1910 |
Hunchun, Lungchingtsun (Kirin) opened for international trade |
1911 |
Chinese Revolution; population of Manchuria estimated at 15-17 million |
1917 |
Russian Revoltion |
1918-1928 |
Warlord Chang Tso-Lin controlled Manchuria; capital Shenyang (Mukden) |
1928-1931 |
Warlord Chang Hsueh-Liang controlled Manchuria |
1931 |
Japanese takeover |
1932 |
Japanese established State of Manchukuo, capital Changchun |
1934 |
Japanese elevated Manchukuo to an Empire |
1945 |
Soviet forces occupied Manchuria |
1945-1955 |
Port Arthur / Dalian under joint Chinese/Soviet administration |
1946 |
Soviet forces evacuated Manchuria, handed over administration to Chinese nationalists |
1948 |
Chinese communists ousted Nationalists from Manchuria |
1949 |
Communist victory in Chinese Civil War; establishment of PRC. Manchuria, as Northeastern China, was integrated into PRC, divided into provinces Heilungjiang, Songjiang, Jilin, Liaoning |
1950-1953 |
Korean War |
1954 |
Provinces Heilongjiang, Songjiang merged to form Heilongjiang Province |
1955 |
Autonomous Korean Prefecture of Yanbian, Jilin Prov., established (1952 Aut. Region) |
1968-1969 |
Chinese-Soviet border conflict |
MANCHURIA BEFORE 1858 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA 1860-1898 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA 1898-1905 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA 1905-1917 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA IN 1930 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHUKUO 1934-1945 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA 1976 Timeline : Manchuria |
MANCHURIA IN 2000 Timeline : Manchuria |
Manchukuo (Manchu, Manchuria) |
Manchukuo , former country, comprising the three provinces of NE China, traditionally called Manchuria. The Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931 and founded Manchukuo in 1932. Changchun, the capital, was renamed Xinjing [Chinese,=new capital]. Pu Yi, last of the Manchu (Ch'ing) dynasty of China, ruled as regent and emperor. Manchukuo, ostensibly an independent Manchu state, was a Japanese puppet-state. Of the major countries only Japan, Italy, and Germany extended diplomatic recognition; few foreigners were allowed into Manchukuo. The Japanese military kept strict control of the administration and fought a continuing guerrilla war with native resistance groups. To develop Manchukuo as a war base, the Japanese greatly expanded industry and railroads. After World War II, Chinese sovereignty was reasserted over the area. |
History |
Japan and Russia long struggled for control of this rich, strategically important region. Japan tried to seize the Liao-tung peninsula in 1895, but was forestalled by the Triple Intervention. From 1898 to 1904 Russia was dominant. As a result of a Russo-Chinese alliance against Japan, the Russians built Harbin, the naval base at Port Arthur, and the Chinese Eastern RR. Japan, after victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), took control of Port Arthur and the southern half of Manchuria (see Liaoning), limiting Russian influence to the north. Chiefly through the South Manchurian RR, Japan developed the region's economy. From 1918 to 1931 the warlords Chang Tso-lin and Chang Hsüeh-liang controlled Chinese military power in Manchuria. |
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