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- Some of Useful Buddhism Vocabularies -

- 가 -

교무: catechist
교무스님: catechist
교수 아사리: ordination catechist
가사(袈裟) robe
간경(看經) textual study.
간화선(看話禪) Koan meditation.
갈마 아사리: confessor, procedual specialist
강백: lecturer
강원(講院) lecture hall
객실(客室) guest room
(객진)번뇌(客塵煩惱) defilement
거사(居士) male devotee
겁(劫) aeon, kalpa
결가부좌(結跏趺坐) lotus posture
결제: retreat
결집(結集) council
경(經) sutra. Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist canon.
경장(經藏) sutra pitaka
계(戒) precept, sila
계(界) realm. world
계단: ordination platform
고(苦) suffering
고승(高僧) A illustrious monk
고제(苦諦) The noble truth of suffering
고행(苦行) ascetic practice
공(空) emptiness
공덕(功德) merit
공안(公案) koan/ kongan
공양(供養) offering
공양의식: offering ceremony
과거칠불(過去七佛) seven Buddhas of the past
과보(果報)/업보 karmic result
관세음보살(觀世音菩薩) Avalokitesvara, Bodhisattva of compassion
관음전(觀音殿) hall of the Bodhisattva of compassion
교(敎) The doctrinal teaching
교리(敎理) doctrine
교종(敎宗) The doctrinal School
구경각(究竟覺) final awakening
구산(九山) nine mountains
국보(國寶) national treasure
국사(國師) national preceptor. national master.
극락(極樂) pure land of Amitabha
극락전(極樂殿) Amitabha hall
금강경(金剛經) Diamond sutra
금당(金堂) Buddha Hall
금동(金銅) gilt-bronze
깨달음 Awakening The Enlightenment

- 나 -
나찰(羅刹) evil ghost
나한(羅漢) Arahat, Attained One
나한전(羅漢殿) Hall of the Arahat
논(論) canon, Abhidharma
논장(論藏) canon pitaka Abhidharma pitaka
농감스님: farmer monk

- 다 -
도감 provost
다도(茶道) tea ceremony.
다포: multiple brackets
다라니(陀羅尼) dharani
단경(壇經) The platform sutra
단주(短珠) beads/ rosary
단청(丹靑) cosmic design/ Red and blue
달마대사(達磨大師) Bodhidharma.
닫집 canopy.
당간(幢竿) A flag pole
당간지주(幢竿支柱) flag pole supporter
대세지보살(大勢至菩薩) Bodhisattva of power/ Mahastamparapta
대승불교(大乘佛敎) The great vehicle, Mahayana Buddhism
대웅전(大雄殿) dharma hall. Buddha hall
대장경(大藏經) tripitaka
대중울력: group work
덕(德) virtue
도(道) The way. leading to the cessation of suffering
독성(獨聖) hermit sage/recluse
독성각(獨聖閣) hall of the hermit sage
돈법(頓法) The doctrine of sudden awakening
돈오(頓悟) sudden awakening
돈오돈수(頓悟頓修) sudden awakening-sudden cultivation
돈오점수(頓悟漸修) sudden awakening-gradual cultivation
동안거(冬安居) winter retreat season.
등(燈) lantern

- 마 -

만다라(蔓茶羅) mandala.
만자(卍字) The Swastika (the symbol of good fortune)
마지 rice offering to the Buddha
망상(妄想) delusions
멸(滅) cessation
명등스님: lamplighter
명부전(冥府殿) hall of judgement of the dead
명색(名色) name and formation
목어(木魚) wooden fish
목탁(木鐸) Moktak/ wooden clacker. hallow wood block.
무명(無明) ignorance
무상(無常) impermanent
무색계(無色界) formless world
무심(無心) no-mind
무아(無我) no-self
묵언(默言) holy silence, no speaking
문수보살(文殊菩薩) Manjusuri, Bodhisattva of Wisdom
문자(文字) words
미륵(彌勒) Maitreya. The Buddha of the future.
밀교(密敎) Esoteric Buddhism, Vajrayana.

- 바 -

바라밀(婆羅蜜) perfection, paramita
바랑 Barang/backpack.
반가부좌(半跏趺坐) half lotus posture
반야(般若) wisdom
반야심경(般若心經) The Heart Sutra.
발기: commentator
발우(鉢盂) wooden bowls.
발우공양(鉢盂供養) formal meal.
방부: formal introduction
방생(放生) release of living beings/ animal-outing
방장(方丈) zen master
방장스님: Son Master
방편: skillful means
백장청규: Pure Rules of Pai-Chang
번뇌(煩惱) defilements.
법(法) Dharma
법고(法鼓) temple drum, dharma drum
법구(法具) Dharma instrument.
법당(法堂) Buddha hall, Dharma hall
법당: shrine hall
법랍: seniority
법랍순서: seniority order
법랍이 가장 오래된 승려: seniormost monk
법맥(法脈) Dharma lineage
법명(法名) Dharma name
법문(法門) Dharma talk
법성(法性) Buddha's nature. nature of beings
법신(法身) dharma body. nature of Buddha's mind. truth.
법호: Dharma-protector
법화경(法華經) Lotus Sutra
벽화(壁畵) wall painting
별채: separate compound
보리(菩提) Enlightenment
보리수(菩提樹) bodhi tree
보리심(菩提心) the thought of Enlightenment
보살(菩薩) bodhisattva
보살계: Bodhisattva-precepts
보시(布施) generosity/ charity/ giving
보신(報身) reward body
보현보살(普賢菩薩) bodhisattva of compassion
본사(本寺) head temple.
본성(本性) one's original nature
부도(浮屠): stupa/pagoda
분별(分別) discrimination
분신 self-imolation
불(佛) Buddha. The Enlightened One.
불공(佛供) offering
불교교단(佛敎敎團) sangha.
불교의식(佛敎儀式) Buddhist ritual
불교종단(佛敎宗團) Buddhist Order
불교학(佛敎學) Buddhist Studies. study of Buddhism
불기(佛紀) Buddhist Era(B.E.)
불보사찰: Buddha-jewel monastery
불상(佛像) Buddha statue/ Buddha image
불성(佛性) Buddha nature
불이문(不二門) Gate of non-duality.
불전함(佛錢函) donation box
불제자(佛弟子) disciples of the Buddha
불탄일(佛誕日) Buddha's birthday.
비구(比丘) monk. Bhikku
비구계 수계식: full ordination
비구니(比丘尼) nun. Bhikkuni.
비로자나불(毘盧　那佛) Viroccana. the cosmic Buddha
비석(碑石) stela/ memorial stone
비유(比喩) parables.

- 사 -

사(寺) temple. monastery
사구(死句) dead phrase
사경(寫經) copying Sutra
사리(舍利) relics/ ashes
사리불(舍利佛) Sariputra
사리탑(舍利塔) relics stupa
사무량심(四無量心) The four immeasurables.
1)loving-kindness 2)compassion 3)sympathetic joy 4)equanimity.
사미(沙彌) novice
사미계: novice precepts
사미승: prospective ordinand
사미율의: the Sramanera Rules and Decorum
사성제(四聖諦) The Four Noble Truth
1) suffering, 2) cause of suffering, 3) cessation, 4) the path of cessation
사천왕: four heavenly kings/supernal Dharma-protector
사천왕문(四天王門) gate of the four Heavenly Kings (Four Guardians)
사판승: monk on the support staff of the monastery/ support monk
사홍서원(四弘誓願) Four Great Vows
1) I vow to save all beings.
2) I vow to end all sufferings.
3) I vow to learn all dharma teachings.
4) I vow to attain Enlightenment.
산신각(山神閣) mountain spirit shrine
삼귀의(三歸依) The Three Refuges.
1) I take refuge in the Buddha
2) I take refuge in the Dharma
3) I take refuge in the Sangha.
삼계(三界) three realms.
1) realm of desire 2) realm of form 3) realm of formlessness
삼독(三毒) three poisons. 1) greed, craving 2) hatred, anger 3) delusion, ignorance
삼배(三拜) three prostrations.
삼보(三寶) three jewels. 1) Buddha 2) Dharma 3) Sangha
삼보사찰(三寶寺刹) the three jewel monasteries.
1) The Buddha jewel monastery: Tongdosa.
2) The Dharma jewel monastery: Haeinsa.
3) The Sangha jewel monastery: Songgwangsa.
삼법인(三法印) Three Dharma Seals/ The Three Marks(Attributes/ Characteristics) of Existence.
1) impermanence. 2) suffering 3) no-self.
삼세(三世) three time period, 1) past 2) present 3) future.
삼장(三藏) three pitaka. 1) vinaya 2) sutra 3) Abhidharma.
삼직: three duties
삼악도(三惡道) three evil worlds(realms, destinies)
1) hell 2) hungry ghost 3) animal
상(相) characteristic
색(色) formation
생(生) birth
생로병사(生老病死) birth, old age, sickness and death.
석가모니(釋迦牟尼) Sakyamuni.
서방정토(西方淨土) The Western Pure Land.
석굴(石窟) stone cave.
석등(石燈) stone lantern.
석불(石佛) stone Buddha statue.
선(禪) Zen
선가(禪家) The Zen school.
선덕: meditative virtue
선문답(禪門答) Zen dialogue.
선방(禪房) Zen hall. Meditation hall.
선불교(禪佛敎) Zen Buddhism.
선사(禪師) Zen master.
선사제: commemorative service for the previous meditation master of the monastery
선승: Zen monk
선열당: meal room/ reflectory
선원 meditation compound
선원(禪院) Zen center, meditation hall.
설법전(說法殿) teaching hall.
성불(成佛)하세요! May you be Enlightened!
성지순례(聖地巡禮) the pilgrimage.
세간(世間) world
소승불교(小乘佛敎) Theravada Buddhism
수(受) feeling
수계(受戒) ordination.
수인(手印) mudra.
수행(修行) practice. cultivation.
스님(僧) monk. venerable.
승가(僧家) Sangha.
시왕(十王) Ten Kings.
시왕전(十王殿) The Ten Kings Hall.
시자 acolyte
식(識) consciousness.
신구의(身口意) body, speech, mind.
신도(信徒) lay people.
신도: lay supporter
신심(信心) The faith.
심(心) mind.
십선(十善) The ten wholesome actions.
No killing. No stealing. No adultery. No lying. No slandering.
No hash speaking. No idle talking. No greed. No hatred. No delusion.
십우도(十牛圖) The Ten Ox-herding painting
12연기(緣起) Dependent Origination.
18계(界) The Eighteen Realms.

- 아 -

아귀(餓鬼) hungry ghost.
아미타불(阿彌陀佛) Amitabha.
아수라(阿修羅) Asura. fighting god.
아승지겁(阿僧紙劫) countless aeon.
안거(安居) retreat.
암자(庵子) Hermitage.
암자: hermitage
약사불(藥師佛) The Medicine Buddha.
업(業) Karma. action
여래(如來) Tathagata. The Buddha.
연기설(緣起說) The theory of dependent origination.
연등(蓮燈) lotus lantern.
연비: burning of the arm
연지 finger burning
열반(涅槃) Nirvana
염불(念佛) chanting. reciting.
염주(念珠) prayer beads. Buddhist rosary.
예불(禮佛) A Buddhist service. Buddhist ceremony.
예불: daily service
오계(五戒) The Five Precepts.
No killing. No stealing. No sexual misconduct. No lie. No intoxicants.
오대(五大) The five elements. earth, water, fire, wind, air.
오도송(悟道頌) Enlightenment poem.
오온(五蘊) The five aggregates.
1) name and formation. 2) feeling.
3) perception. 4) action. 5) consciousness.
와불(臥佛) Reclining Buddha.
왕생(往生) transmigration. reborn.
요사(療舍) Monk's living quarters.
요사채: dormitory
요령 handbell.
욕(慾) desire. thirst.
욕계(欲界) the world of desire.
욕불식: Bathing the baby Buddha ceremony
용(龍) a dragon.
용왕(龍王) The Dragon King.
운판(雲版) cloud shaped gong.
운수행각: pilgrimage
원(願) 원력(願力) aspiration. power of vow.
원주스님: proctor
유나: rector
유식(唯識) consciousness only.
육도(六道) The six realms.
1) hell beings 2) hungry ghost 3) animals
4) fighting spirits-asuras 5). human beings 6) heavenly beings
육도윤회(六道輪廻) The six samsaric destinies.
육바라밀(六婆羅蜜) six perfections.
(generosity. morality. patience. energy. meditation. wisdom)
윤회(輪廻) samsara. cycle of rebirth.
율(律) vinaya. orders.
율사(律師) vinaya master.
율장(律藏) vinaya pitaka.
은사: vocation master
응진각(應眞閣) hall of the Arahat.
"이 뭣고?" What is it? Who am I ?
이기심(利己心) selfish thoughts.
인(因) cause. reason.
인가(認可) recognition.
인과(因果) cause and effect.
인연(因緣) karmic affinity/ causes and conditions
인욕(忍辱) patience.
일심(一心) One Mind.
일여(一如) non-duality.
일주문(一柱門) one pillar gate/ single beam gate
입승 succentor

- 자 -

자리이타(自利利他) by benefitting oneself, one benefits others.
자비(慈悲) compassion.
자성(自性) self nature.
자성청정(自性淸淨) the original purity of one's self nature.
장경각(藏經閣) the monastery library.
장군죽비: huge warning stick
장로(長老) Elder.
장삼(長衫) ceremonial robe. formal robe.
장엄(莊嚴) solemnity. sublimity.
장자불와: never lying down to sleep
재무: treasurer
적멸보궁(寂滅寶宮) Temple that keeps Buddha's reliquary.
전각: shrine hall
전계 아사리: preceptor
(전)등록: lamp anthologies (Chen-lu)
전법(傳法) transmission.
전생설화(前生說話) The Jataka tales
절 bow. prostration.
정(定) samadhi. concentration.
정견(正見) right understanding/ view
정념(正念) right mindfulness.
정명(正命) right livelihood.
정사(正思) right thought.
정어(正語) right speech.
정업(正業) right action.
정정(正定) right concentration.
정정진(正精進) right effort.
제석(帝釋) the king of the Heaven.
조계종(曹溪宗) Chogye Order.
조사(祖師) patriarch.
조사당(祖師堂) the hall of patriarchs.
조실: guiding teacher
종각(鐘閣) bell tower
종고루: Bell and drum tower
종무소(宗務所) temple office.
종무소: office
종정(宗正) supreme patriarch.
좌복 cushion. seat.
좌선(坐禪) sitting meditation.
주지(主旨) abbot.
죽비(竹　) Chukbi/ bamboo clapper.
중강: assistant
중도(中道) middle path.
중음(中陰) intermediate stage/ state.
증사: witness
지옥(地獄) hell.
지장보살(地藏菩薩) Ksitigarbha, Earth Store Bodhisattva.
지장전(地藏殿) Ksitigarbha hall. Hall of the hell.
지전 스님: verger
지혜(智慧) wisdom.
직세 스님: proctor
집착(執着) attachment.

- 차 -
찰나(刹那) an instant.
참선(參禪) Zen meditation
천상천하 유아독존: In heaven and on earth, I alone am foremost.
천태종(天台宗) T'ient'ai sect.
청신남(淸信男) a male Buddhist.
청신녀(淸信女) a female Buddhist.
청중 disciplinarian
초발심자경문: Admonitions to Beginners
촉(觸) touch. contact.
촛대: candle holder
총림(叢林) monastic teaching center.
총무: prior
총무원(總務院) Headquarters of the Order.
축원: supplication
축원을 하다: chant a supplication
recite a (special) prayer
출가(出家) renunciation.
취(取) grasp.
치(恥) ignorance/ delusion
치문경훈: the Adminitions to the Gray-robed Monks
칠보(七寶) the seven precious gems.
칠성각(七星閣) shrine hall of the Seven stars(Big Dipper)

- 타 -
탐(貪) greed.
탑(塔) stupa. pagoda.
탱화(幀畵) Buddhist wall painting.

- 파 -
파계(破戒) breaking the precepts.
팔고(八苦) eight sufferings.
(Suffering of birth, old age, sickness, death,
being apart with the loved ones, together with the despised ones,
not getting what want, flourishing of the body.)
팔상도(八相圖) pictures of the eight main events of the Buddha's life.
팔만대장경(八萬大藏經) Tipitaka Koreana.
팔상전(八相殿) hall of eight pictures
팔정도(八正道) Noble Eightfold Path.
(right view, right thought, right speech, right action,
right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.)
포교(布敎) preaching, propagation.
포교당(布敎堂) Buddhist center/ missionary center
포살(布薩) confession
피안(彼岸) nirvana/ other shore
풍경(風磬) wind bell.
풍수지리(風水地理) geomancy.

- 하 -
하심(下心) humble minded.
하안거(夏安居) summer retreat season.
합장(合掌) palms together
항하(恒河) the Ganges river in India.
해우소: toilet
해인도: ocean-seal chart
해제 기간: free season
해탈문(解脫門) gate of the Liberation
행(行) karma. action.
행자(行者) postulant
행정승: office monks
행주좌와(行住坐臥) walking, standing, sitting, lying.
향로(香爐) incense burner.
향로: incense holder
헌향(獻香) offering an incense.
현교(顯敎) Exoteric Buddhism
혜안(慧眼) the eye of wisdom.
호국불교(護國佛敎) Buddhism for national protection.
호법장군: dharma-general
화(化) transformation.
화두: critical phrase
화신(化身) transformed body.
화엄경(華嚴經) Flower Garland Sutra.
환속(還俗) returning to lay life. secession from the order
환속하다: secede from the order
후불탱화(後佛幀畵) main platform painting.
후원: reflectory



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