101:8 ~ 105:3 읽기

[yum]

(101:8) When the old man saw him coming he knew that this was a shark that had no fear at all and would do exactly what he wished. He prepared the harpoon and made the rope fast while he watched the shark come on. The rope was short as it lacked what he had cut away to lash the fish.

(101:14) The old man's head was clear and good now and he was full of resolution but he had little hope. It was too good to last, he thought. He took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in. It might as well have been a dream, he thought. I cannot keep him from hitting me but maybe I can get him. Dentuso, he thought. Bad luck to your mother.

- I cannot keep him from hitting me : me는 청새치를 가리키는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 상어가 공격하는 것이 청새치이고 청새치는 곧 노인 자신이라는 의식을 보여주고 있다.

- dentuso : 스페인어 dentudo의 쿠바 파생어로 ‘크고 고르지 못한 이’를 뜻하는 말. 여기서는 마코 상어를 뜻하는 말.

- Bad luck to your mother : 쿠바 하층민들 사이에서는 그렇게 모욕적이지 않은 욕설.

(101:21) The shark closed fast astern and when he hit the fish the old man saw his mouth open and his strange eyes and the clicking chop of the teeth as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail. The shark's head was out of water and his back was coming out and the old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish when he rammed the harpoon down onto the shark's head at a spot where the line between his eyes intersected with the line that ran straight back from his nose. There were no such lines. There was only the heavy sharp blue head and the big eyes and the clicking, thrusting all-swallowing jaws. But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. He hit it with his blood mushed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength. He hit it without hope but with resolution and complete malignancy.

(102:13) The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. The old man knew that he was dead but the shark would not accept it. Then, on his back, with his tail lashing and his jaws clicking, the shark plowed over the water as a speed-boat does. The water was white where his tail beat it and three-quarters of his body was clear above the water when the rope came taut, shivered, and then snapped. The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him. Then he went down very slowly.

(103:1) "He took about forty pounds," the old man said aloud. He took my harpoon too and all the rope, he thought, and now my fish bleeds again and there will be others.

He did not like to look at the fish anymore since he had been mutilated. When the fish had been hit it was as though he himself were hit.

헤밍웨이의 소설 『해류 속의 섬들(Islands in the Stream)』에서 데이빗은 자신이 몇 시간 동안 낚아올리기 위해서 사투를 벌인 황새치와 자신을 일치시키는 말을 한다: “I couldn’t tell which was him and which was me”(134).

But I killed the shark that hit my fish, he thought. And he was the biggest dentusothat I have ever seen. And God knows that I have seen big ones.

It was too good to last, he thought. I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.

(103:14) "But man is not made for defeat," he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated."

- 이 유명한 말은 상어가 한 번 뜯어먹고 간 후에 작살에 찔린 채 작살과 거기에 연결된 줄을 모두 가지고 가버린 후에 또 다른 상어들일 몰려들 것이 예상되는 가운데 한 말이다.

- 여기서 destroy 되는 것은 잡은 청새치가 상어에게 뜯어 먹히는 것을, defeat 되는 것은 청새치가 뼈만 남더라도 항구로 다시 돌아가는 것을 뜻한다. 사람은 많은 손해를 보고 빼앗기더라도 자기가 하려고 했던 것은 반드시 이루고야 만다는 뜻이다.

- 사람의 죽음은 destroy 되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 사람이 죽지만 그것이 곧 실패를 뜻하는 것은 아니다.

인간이여 과거의 모습에서 도대체 얼마나 변한 것이냐! 내가 앞으로 그릴 것은 말하자면 네가 태어나면서 받았던 특징들을 따르는 인간 종의 생활방식이라 할 것이다. 그러나 그 특징들은 네가 받은 교육과 네가 물든 습관에 따라 타락할 수는 있었지만 결코 파괴될 수는 없었다. Combien tu as changé de ce que tu étais! C'est pour ainsi dire la vie de ton espèce que je te vais décrire d'après les qualités que tu as reçues, que ton éducation et tes habitudes ont pu dépraver, mais qu'elles n'ont pu détruire.

How much you are changed from what you once were! 'Tis in a manner the life of your species that I am going to write, from the qualities which you have received, and which your education and your habits could deprave, but could not destroy.

(루소 지음, 이충훈 옮김 『인간 불평등 기원론』(도서출판b) p.45)

I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon. The dentusois cruel and able and strong and intelligent. But I was more intelligent that he was. Perhaps not, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed.

"Don't think, old man," he said aloud. "Sail on this course and take it when it comes."

But I must think, he thought. Because it is all I have left. That and baseball. I wonder how the great DiMaggio would have liked the way I hit him in the brain? It was no great thing, he thought. Any man could do it. But do you think my hands were as great a handicap as the bone spurs? I cannot know. I never had anything wrong with my heel except the time the sting ray stung it when I stepped on him when swimming and paralyzed the lower leg and made the unbearable pain.

(104:9) "Think about something cheerful, old man," he said. "Every minute now you are closer to home. You sail lighter for the loss of forty pounds."

He knew quite well the pattern of what could happen when he reached the inner part of the current. But there was nothing to be done now.

55:7에서 노인의 배에 날아왔던 휘파람새가 육지쪽으로 가게 되면 매들을 만나게 될 것이라고 말해주는데 여기서는 노인이 육지쪽으로 가게 되면 상어들을 만나게 될 것을 예상하고 있다.

The hawks, he thought, that come out to sea to meet them. But he said nothing of this to the bird who could not understand him anyway and who would learn about the hawks soon enough. (55:7-10)

독수리들이 이 작은 새와 같은 먹이를 만나기 위해서(to meet) 오고 있지만 노인은 이 작은 새에게 아무것도 말해주지 않는다.

"Yes there is," he said aloud. "I can lash my knife to the butt of one of the oars."

So he did that with the tiller under his arm and the sheet of the sail under his foot.

sheet : 시트(돛의 방향을 조정하기 위해 돛 아래쪽에 다는 것)

(104:19) "Now," he said. "I am still an old man. But I am not unarmed."

The breeze was fresh now and he sailed on well. He watched only the forward part of the fish and some of his hope returned.

It is silly not to hope, he thought. Besides I believe it is a sin. Do not think about sin, he thought. There are enough problems now without sin. Also I have no understanding of it.

기독교에서 소망(hope)은 믿음, 사랑과 함께 중요한 세 가지 덕목 가운데 하나이다. 가톨릭교회에서 소망은 의로움과 구원을 얻는데 필수적이며 믿음과 사랑 사이의 매개체로 보고 있다.