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Brandywine Mountain, 2,213 m or 7,260 ft, is a summit in the Powder Mountain Icefield of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, about 25 km (16 mi) west of the resort town of Whistler. Its name is derived from that of Brandywine Falls, which was the result of a bet over the falls' height (with the wagers being a bottle of wine and a bottle of brandy).[citation needed] See also[edit]References[edit]
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■ 삼라만상(森羅萬象)은 곧 사진(寫眞)의 소재입니다
사진은 무엇으로 어떻게 찍든 간에 있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 찍으면 된다고 생각합니다
이것이야말로 진정한 빛의 예술이자 진실된 역사의 기록이 아닐는지요
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■ 최근 조사결과 캐나다인들 병원 방문 이유 1위가 [우울증]이라고 합니다
사진촬영이나 걷기는 우울증 예방이나 치료에도 상당한 효과가 있다고 합니다
사진을 좋아하거나 관심 있는 많은 분들의 동참을 기대하며 사진 인구의 저변확대를 소망합니다
■ [연합뉴스] 20170224 FRI 이광철 특파원
우울증, 전 세계 3억2천만 명 10년 사이 18% 증가
(제네바=연합뉴스) 이광철 특파원 = 전 세계 인구 4%에 해당하는 3억2천200만 명이 우울증을 앓고 있으며 노인, 여성, 청소년 등이 특히 취약한 것으로 조사됐다고 세계보건기구(WHO)가 23일(현지시간) 밝혔다
WHO는 2015년 기준으로 집계한 우울증 인구가 2005년 보다 18.4% 증가 했다며 인구 증가뿐 아니라 기대 수명이 늘어난것도 원인으로 작용했다고 설명했다
우울증으로 인한 각종 부작용은 삶의 후반기에 막대한 영향을 미치고 있다
■ [중앙일보] 20180127 SAT 조진형 기자
우울증 걸렸던 윈스턴 처칠 영 총리는 “(우울증)은 검은 개”라고 표현
1964년 ‘정신이상설’ 제기된 미 공화당 후보 낙마 계기로 의학계 윤리 원칙 제정
우울증 진단 사실 밝힌 뒤 자진 사임한 제프 갤럽 전 호주 주총리
이 사실을 숨길 수도 있었던 그는 우울증으로 정상적인 정계 활동이 어렵다고 판단했습니다.
그래서 스스로 총리직에서 사임한 뒤 우울증 치료에 전념했지요.
학자 출신으로 성공 가도를 달리던 그의 ‘용감한 선택’에 호주 국민들은 많은 격려와 찬사를 보냈습니다.
이안 학기스 시드니의대 교수는 "호주인 여섯 명 중 한 명이 우울증에 시달리지만 그 사실을 잘 공개하지 않는다"며 “갤럽의 결단은 우울증 환자들에게 희망의 메시지를 줬다”고 평가했답니다.
■ [연합뉴스 TV] 20180204 SUN 권순현 기자
자살은 우리나라 주요 사망원인 가운데 5위입니다.
해마다 1만3천명, 40분마다 1명씩 스스로 목숨을 끊는 셈인데요.
특히 상당수 원인이 우울증 때문으로 알려져 있습니다
☞ [자살공화국, 하루에 40여명이 生을 포기한다] http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/DPKO/598
☞ [이건세 교수의 사진 잘 찍는 법 50] http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CsVj/130
☞ [셀카 찍는다고 자존심이 회복돼?] https://storyfunding.daum.net/episode/4766
☞ [사진 찍기, 여행 즐거움을 향상 시킬까?] http://cafe.daum.net/kvwc/dvOn/1
☞ [할머니의 카메라] https://storyfunding.daum.net/episode/4752
☞ [멋진 노을 사진 찍는 법] http://cafe.daum.net/kvwc/dvOn/2
■ MUNDY PARK CAFE 특별기획 2019
* 2019년 1월 1일(화) 06:00
- Elfin Lakes(Squamish, BC) 새해맞이 시산제 산행
* 2019년 5월 4일(토) 06:00
Artist Point(Table Mountain,Mt.Baker & Mt.Shuksan 전망대)around 눈산행
* 2019년 8월 17일(토) 06:00
Brandywine Meadows 사진 촬영을 겸한 걷기 모임
■ Photo & Hiking 일정 확인 및 모임
[사진 촬영 및 산행]을 일기(日氣)에 따라 수시로 실시합니다
[사진, 여행, 산행]에 관심이 있는 많은 분들의 동참을 기대합니다
☞ 그룹단위 신청을 환영합니다
☞ 일정과 장소는 상황에 따라 변동 될 수도 있습니다
☞ 행사에 합류하면 공동안전(共同安全)을 위하여 개인행동을 일절 금합니다
■ 모임 안내 : 德山(604-619-8368)
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/Eza7/78
■ MUNDY PARK CAFE [특별기획 2019] 사진 촬영을 겸한 걷기 모임
2019년 새해맞이 Elfin Lakes 시산제 산행과 Artist Point(Table Mountain, Mt.Baker & Mt.Shuksan 전망대)around 눈 산행에 이어 있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 찍는 생활 사진 촬영을 겸한 걷기 모임을 가지고자 합니다.
관심 있는 많은 분들의 동참을 기대합니다.
1. 목적지
- Brandywine Meadows(Squamish-Lillooet D, BC, Canada) 폭포앞 까지
☞ 폭포 앞에 집결하여 점심 식사를 할 예정
* Brandywine Mountain(2,213m/Pacific Ranges)등반이 아니므로 착오 없기 바람
* 천재지변, 일기변동 등의 부득이한 사유로 사전에 일시와 목적지를 취소 또는 변경(밴조선 커뮤니티 아웃도어)공지 할 수도 있음
2. 출발 일시 및 장소
1차 : 2019년 8월 17일(토/음력7월17일) 06:00(출발 10분전 참가자 확인)
- East Guildford Park-and-Ride(16554 103 Ave, Surrey, BC V4N 2J8 CANADA) : 밴쿠버 성 김대건 성당(St. Andrew Catholic Parish) 초입(160 St. & 103 Ave, Surrey)
* 합승비 : $25.00 집결지에서 탑승한 차량의 차주에게 직접 지불
2차 : 2019년 8월 17일(토) 06:15
Lougheed Town Centre Station Parking Lot(Lougheed Hwy & Austin Ave, Burnaby)
* 합승비 : $20.00 집결지에서 탑승한 차량의 차주에게 직접 지불
3. 참가 자격 및 회비
- 프로, 아마추어 관계없이 사진과 걷기에 관심이 있거나 좋아하는 19세 이상 남녀
- 참가 회비 : 없음
☞ 4WD 또는 SUV가 필수적인 관계로 2019년 8월 1일부터 예약을 받아 선착순으로 마감하며 차량 수급이 부족시에는 조기(早期) 마감을 할수도 있으며 예약 후에라도 차량 수급이 불가능할시에는 함께 할 수 없음을 양지하기 바랍니다. 이럴 경우 하루전까지 연락 드리도록 하겠습니다.
4. 준비 사항
- Camera : 사진을 찍을 수 있는 도구나 장비(휴대전화, 똑따기, 폴라로이드, 아날로그, 디지털, 아마추어용 프로용 사진기 관계없음)
- 걷기에 편안한 복장
☞ 단, 신발은 목이 긴 장화나 방수용 등산화 착용 또는 지참, Trekking poles(쌍지팡이/Ski poles)필수
- 점심 식사, 간식, 물, 비상약품 : 개인별로 필요한 식음료 Tea등 물품 각자 준비
- 하절기 일광 자외선 차단제(紫外線遮斷劑/Sunblock/Sun cream/UV 차단제), 썬 글라스, 챙이 긴 모자, 팔토시외
* 곰, 모기 퇴치용 약품 및 장비
* 심한 운동이 되거나 땀을 흠뻑 흘릴 정도의 속보로 걷는 게 아니고 산책 정도의 속도로 걸으며 사진 촬영을 하는 상황을 고려하여 준비
* 아침 식사는 꼭 요기를 하고 나와야함
☞ Brandywine Meadows Trailhead 까지는 SUV 또는 4WD차량이 필요함(소유자 대환영)
5. 행사 확인 및 안내
* 문의 및 안내 : 德山 604-619-8368
* MUNDY PARK CAFE : http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1
☞ 행사에 합류하면 일정 운영상 개인 행동은 일절 금합니다. 국경 왕래 및 부주의로 인한 안전, 건강상의 문제등 일체의 책임은 본인에게 있습니다.
■ 등산/登山/Mountaineering/등반/登攀/Climbing/산행/山行/Hiking
■ [산행 안전 수칙] 즐거운 산행을 위하여
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1513
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/41
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/175
■ [동절기 안전산행 필수품]
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1516
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/40
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/174
■ [겨울철 눈 산행시 주의 할 점]
http://www.vkhc.com/xe/HikingTip/1517
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/39
http://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/CP3B/173
■ TOP 10 ESSENTIALS
Delays or changes in weather can cause emergencies.
Even on short day hikes, each person should take and know how to use these items
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Mount Fee is a volcanic peak in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Callaghan Lake and 21 km (13 mi) west of the resort town of Whistler. With a summit elevation of 2,162 m (7,093 ft) and a topographic prominence of 312 m (1,024 ft), it rises above the surrounding rugged landscape on an alpine mountain ridge. This mountain ridge represents the base of a north-south trending volcanic field which Mount Fee occupies. The mountain consists of a narrow north-south trending ridge of fine-grained volcanic rock and small amounts of fragmental material. It is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long and 0.5 km (0.31 mi) wide with nearly vertical flanks. Mount Fee has two main summits, the southern tower of which is the highest. The summits are separated by a U-shaped crevice that gives them a prominent appearance. ContentsGeology[edit]Mount Fee is one of the southernmost volcanoes in the Mount Cayley volcanic field. This volcanic zone forms the central portion of the larger Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, which extends from the Silverthrone Caldera in the north to the Watts Point volcano in the south.[3] The volcanic belt has formed as a result of ongoing subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone along the British Columbia Coast.[4] This is a north-south trending fault zone about 1,000 km (620 mi) long, extending 80 km (50 mi) off the Pacific Northwest from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia. The plates move at a relative rate of over 10 mm (0.39 in) per year at an oblique angle to the subduction zone.[5] The edifice of Mount Fee is the remains of a volcanic feature that has been significantly eroded by glacial ice.[1] It likely represents a dissected stratovolcano (also known as a composite volcano) that was larger in area and higher in elevation than its current form.[6] Stratovolcanoes can reach heights of 2,500 m (8,000 ft) and consist of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks and bombs.[7] During the glacial periods, much of the volcano's original outer cone of pyroclastic material was eroded away by moving layers of ice and rock. The removal of the ejected volcanic material has exposed the dacite lava that forms the narrow north-south trending ridge of Mount Fee.[6] The Black Tusk, a pinnacle of dark volcanic rock to the southeast, is also interpreted to be the remains of a deeply eroded volcano that was once covered with pyroclastic material.[8] The present day edifice of Mount Fee contains several lava spines that reach heights of 100 m (330 ft) to 150 m (490 ft) above the main ridge.[2] Eruptive history[edit]Volcanic activity at Mount Fee is among the oldest in the Mount Cayley volcanic field. Its volcanic rocks remain undated, but the large amount of dissection and evidence of glacial ice overriding the volcano indicates that it formed more than 75,000 years ago before the Wisconsinan Glaciation. As a result, the rocks comprising Mount Fee do not display evidence of interaction with glacial ice; the duration of volcanic events is unknown, and the exact timing of eruptive events is unknown.[1] However, a large variety of volcanoes formed subglacially between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago in the vicinity of Mount Fee, including the lava domes of Ember Ridge to the south.[9] At least three phases of eruptive activity have been recognized at Mount Fee. The only exposed remnant of Fee's earliest volcanic activity is a minor outcrop of pyroclastic rock. This is evidence of explosive eruptions during Fee's eruptive history, as well as its first volcanic event. The second volcanic event produced a sequence of volcanic rocks on Fee's eastern flank. This volcanic material was likely deposited when a sequence of lava flows and broken lava fragments erupted from a volcanic vent and moved down the flanks during the construction of the ancestral Mount Fee. Following extensive dissection, renewed volcanism produced a viscous series of lavas on its northern flank. The U-shaped crevice separating the two main summits of Mount Fee separates this lava flow from the main volcanic ridge. The conduit from which these lava flows originated was likely vertical in structure and intruded through older rocks deposited during Fee's earlier volcanic events. This volcanic event was also followed by a period of erosion, and likely one or more glacial periods. Extensive erosion following the last volcanic event at Mount Fee has created the rugged north-south trending ridge that currently forms a prominent landmark.[1] Petrography[edit]The dacite and rhyodacite rocks comprising Mount Fee contain up to 70% brown volcanic glass and up to 15% vesicles. About 25% of the rocks contain crystal content, including plagioclase, hornblende, orthopyroxene, orthoclase and sporadic quartz. The orthoclase crystals are interpreted to represent rock fragments that became enveloped during hardening of the dacitic lavas. A portion of the southwestern flank of Mount Fee comprises no volcanic glass, but rather composed of an abnormal cryptocrystalline matrix. This indicates that it might have developed as part of a subvolcanic intrusion.[2] Human history[edit]Habitation[edit]Human habitation at Mount Fee extends from hundreds to thousands of years ago. Glassy volcanic rocks, such as rhyodacite, were widely used to make knives, chisels, adzes and other sharp tools before the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century. It was collected from a number of minor outcrops on the flanks of Mount Fee, as well as at the Mount Cayley massif and Mount Callaghan. This material appears in goat hunting sites and at the Elaho rockshelter, collectively dated from about 100 to 8,000 years ago.[10] In September 1928, Mount Fee was named by British mountaineer Tom Fyles after Charles Fee (1865–1927), who was a member of the British Columbia Mountaineering Club in Vancouver at the time.[11] Subsequently, Mount Fee was one of the volcanoes in the Mount Cayley volcanic field illustrated by volcanologist Jack Souther in 1980. Others included the Mount Cayley massif, Cauldron Dome, Slag Hill, Ember Ridge and Ring Mountain, which was titled Crucible Dome at the time. Souther created a geologic map the following year that displayed the locations of the volcanoes and the regional terrain.[2] Monitoring[edit]Like other volcanoes in the Garibaldi Belt, Mount Fee is not monitored closely enough by the Geological Survey of Canada to ascertain how active its magma chamber is. This is partly because no major eruptions have taken place in Canada for over a hundred years and the volcano is located in a remote region. As a result, volcano monitoring is less important than dealing with other natural processes, such as tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides.[12] No recent earthquakes are known to have occurred at Mount Fee.[13] If it were to erupt there would likely be weeks, months or years of warning signs, such as clusters of minor earthquakes that would likely originate less than 15 km (9.3 mi) below the surface. They are generally too small to be felt by people, but the existing network of seismographs has been established to monitor tectonic earthquakes. However, the seismograph network is too far away to provide a good indication of what is happening under the mountain. It may sense an increase in seismic activity if the volcano becomes very restless, but this may only provide a warning for a significant eruption. It might detect activity only once the volcano has started erupting.[12] A significant eruption at Mount Fee would probably have considerable effects, particularly in a region like southwestern British Columbia where the Garibaldi Belt is located in a highly populated area.[4][12] Because of these concerns, significant support from Canadian university scientists has resulted in the construction of a baseline of knowledge on the state of the Garibaldi volcanoes.[12] See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
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The Black Tusk | |
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![]() The Black Tusk viewed from the southeast | |
Highest point | |
Elevation | 2,319 m (7,608 ft) [1] |
Prominence | 569 m (1,867 ft) [1] |
Coordinates | 49°58′31″N 123°02′34″W / 49.97528°N 123.04278°WCoordinates: 49°58′31″N 123°02′34″W / 49.97528°N 123.04278°W [2] |
Geography | |
Parent range | Garibaldi Ranges |
Topo map | NTS 92G/14 |
Geology | |
Age of rock | Pleistocene |
Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
Volcanic arc/belt | Canadian Cascade ArcGaribaldi Volcanic Belt |
Last eruption | Pleistocene |
Climbing | |
First ascent | 1912 by William J. Gray and party[1] |
Easiest route | Exposed rock scramble |
The Black Tusk is a stratovolcano and a pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, Canada. At 2,319 m (7,608 ft) above sea level,[3] the upper spire is visible from a great distance in all directions. It is particularly noticeable from the Sea-to-Sky Highway just south of Whistler, British Columbia. Distinctive and immediately identifiable, The Black Tusk is among the best known mountains in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The volcano is part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt which is a segment of the Canadian Cascade Arc, but it is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range.
To Squamish people, this mountain is known as t'ak't'ak mu'yin tl'a in7in'a'xe7en. In their language it means "Landing Place of the Thunderbird", speaking of the supernatural in7in'a'xe7en or Thunderbird. The jagged shape of the mountain and its black colouring are said to come from the Thunderbird's lightning.[4] The same is true for the Mount Cayley massif, another stratovolcano farther north.
The Black Tusk is considered to be the remnant of an extinct andesitic stratovolcano which formed between about 1.3 and 1.1 million years ago.[5] Following glacial dissection, renewed volcanism produced the lava dome and flow forming its summit about 170,000 years ago. According to Natural Resources Canada, The Black Tusk was "perhaps the conduit for lava within a cinder-rich volcano. The loose cinder has eroded, leaving only the hard lava core."[6] The exposed lava rock of the core is loose and friable. It is also black, giving the mountain its name and character. Cinder Cone, to the east of The Black Tusk, produced a 9 km (6 mi) long lava flow during the late Pleistocene or early Holocene.
The mountain currently hosts two significant glaciers, in large cirques carved into the northeastern and northwestern flanks of the broad cone below the lava pinnacle. Both glaciers start from about 2,100 m (6,890 ft) and flow northwards to below 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The glaciers are heavily covered in rocky debris due to the crumbling nature of the Tusk's rock.
The Black Tusk is a member of the chain of volcanic peaks that run from southwestern British Columbia to northern California. The peaks formed in the past 35 million years as the Juan de Fuca, Gorda and Explorer plates to its west have been subducting under the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.
The Black Tusk's lower flanks and south summit are a popular backcountry hiking and scrambling destination. Most hikers approach from the Taylor Meadows campground to the south near Garibaldi Lake, although there is a second route from the north that travels by way of Helm Lake.[7]
The upper summit area at the top of the lava column can only be reached by scrambling up a short but exposed rock chimney to reach the south summit.[3] The true summit, only about a metre higher, lies just to the north across a precipitous drop. It is rarely climbed, requiring a rappel of about 10 m (33 ft) into a notch followed by a loose and dangerous reascent up the crumbling lava. On the northern side of the north summit stands an isolated and intimidating rock formation known as the "Bishop's Mitre", which is rumoured to be unclimbed.[4][8]
![]() | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Black Tusk. |
[Federation of Mountain Clubs of British Columbia]
Southwest Mainland clubs
Hiking site
■ 지금은 달라 졌거나 사라져 버려 볼 수 없는
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■ Canada 건국일 : 1867년 7월 1일[Canada Day]
[영국령 북아메리카 법(British North America Acts)선포일]
■ 대한민국(Republic Of Korea) 건국일?
[1919년 4월 13일(일/음 03.13) - 大韓民國 臨時政府 수립일]
[1948년 8월 15일(일/음 07.11) - 大韓民國 정부 수립일]
■ 生活 사진
'생활 寫眞은 일상의 사소한 발견'입니다
삼라만상(森羅萬象)은 곧 사진의 훌륭한 소재라고 생각합니다
늘 가지고 다니는 휴대전화나 손안에 쏙 들어가는 똑따기 사진기만으로도 누구나 크게 공감하고 많이 동감하는 이야기를 만들 수가 있을 것이라 믿습니다
더없는 사랑과 꾸밈없는 정성으로 人時空을 담아내어 소중한 추억으로 오래토록 간직하게 되기를 희망합니다
'사진은 빛의 예술이자 역사의 기록이다'
생활사진에 대하여 이렇게 거창한 말까지 앞세울 필요는 전혀 없을 것 같습니다
진심과 진정을 바탕으로 있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 찍으면 됩니다
현실에 있는 대로의 진실을 보고 보이는 대로 최선을 다해 담아내면 그것이 곧 예술이자 역사가 될 것입니다
언제 어디에서 누구와 함께 하더라도 좋을것입니다
보다 많은 사진인구의 저변 확대를 기대합니다
가족의 건강과 가정의 행복을 축원합니다
오로지 건강하세요
늘 고맙습니다
20121212(陰10.29) WED
Mundy Sung