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14세기까지는 과거 이 지역 왕조인 토번(吐蕃, 투베트, 투보트)으로 통칭되었다.티베트 망명 정부에서는 한자표기를 도박(圖博, Tǔbó)으로 하고 있다.
고대 튀르크 및 소그드어로 기록된 문헌에는 이 지역을 튀퓟(Tüpüt)으로 부르고 있다. 이 명칭은 티베트 북부 지역을 나타내는 티베트어 tu phod 이나 stod pod에서 유래된 것으로 추정되며, 유력한 가설 중 하나이다. 이 발음이 아랍 세계로 전해진 뒤 영어권에서 Thibet라고 불리다가, 현재 영문명칭 Tibet으로 정착됐다.
American Tibetologist Elliot Sperling has argued in favor of a recent tendency by some authors writing in Chinese to revive the term Tubote (simplified Chinese: 图伯特; traditional Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè) for modern use in place of Xizang, on the grounds that Tubote more clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau rather than simply the Tibet Autonomous Region.
The English word Tibet or Thibet dates back to the 18th century. Historical linguists generally agree that "Tibet" names in European languages are loanwords from Semitic Ṭībat or Tūbātt (Arabic: طيبة، توبات; Hebrew: טובּה, טובּת), itself deriving from Turkic Töbäd (plural of töbän), literally 'The Heights'.
the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi.
Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.
Starting in 2001, the local deaf sign languages of Tibet were standardized, and Tibetan Sign Language is now being promoted across the country.
The first Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar book was written by Alexander Csoma de Kőrös in 1834.
티베트 전도
현재 칭하이성으로 편입된 암도(Amdo, a mdo)와 쓰촨성으로 편입된 캄(Kham, khams) 지방이 포함된 대티베트.
소위 티베트 자치구는 현재 시짱자치구(西藏自治區)로 위짱(Ü-Tsang, dbus gtsang) 지방이다.
Tibetan people (Tibetan: བོད་པ་)
Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng)
The Tibetan people (Tibetan: བོད་པ་, Wylie: bod pa, THL: bö pa; Chinese: 藏族) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet Tibet Autonomous Region, significant numbers of Tibetans live in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan, as well as in India, Nepal, Bhutan and the western world.
Tibetan languages belong to the Tibeto-Burman language group. The traditional or mythological, explanation of the Tibetan people's origin is that they are the descendants of the human Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa and rock ogress Ma Drag Sinmo. It is thought that most of the Tibeto-Burman speakers in Southwest China, including Tibetans, are direct descendants from the ancient Qiang people.
Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although some observe the indigenous Bon religion and there is a small Muslim minority. Tibetan Buddhism influences Tibetan art, drama and architecture, while the harsh geography of Tibet has produced an adaptive culture of Tibetan medicine and cuisine.
Tibetan peopleབོད་པ་
bod pa · 博巴 : Total population 6.5 million
Regions with significant populations
Mainland China 6.3 million
India 120,000
Nepa 20,000–40,000
United States10,000
Canada 8,040
Bhutan 5,000
Switzerland 4,000
Australia 1,000
New Zealand 66
Japan 60
Languages : Tibetic languages
Religion : Predominantly Tibetan Buddhism; significant minority of Hinduism; minorities of Bon, Christianity, Islam
Related ethnic groups :Sherpa · Qiang · Ngalop · Sharchop · Ladakhis · Baltis · Burig · Kachin · Yi · Bamar · Other Sino-Tibetan
As of the 2014 Census, there are about 6 million Tibetans living in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the 10 Tibetan autonomous prefectures in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Yunnan and Sichuan. The SIL Ethnologue in 2009 documents an additional 189,000 Tibetic speakers living in India, 5,280 in Nepal and 4,800 in Bhutan. The Central Tibetan Administration's (CTA) Green Book (of the Tibetan Government in Exile) counts 145,150 Tibetans outside Tibet: a little over 100,000 in India; over 16,000 in Nepal; over 1,800 in Bhutan, and over 25,000 in other parts of the world. There are Tibetan communities in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, France, Mexico, Norway, Mongolia, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In the Baltistan region of Northern Pakistan, the Balti people are a Muslim ethnicity of Tibetan descent numbering around 300,000.
Language
Main article: Standard Tibetan
Ethnolinguistic map of Tibet
Linguists generally classify the Tibetan language as a Tibeto-Burman language of the Sino-Tibetan language family although the boundaries between 'Tibetan' and certain other Himalayan languages can be unclear. According to Matthew Kapstein:
From the perspective of historical linguistics, Tibetan most closely resembles Burmese among the major languages of Asia. Grouping these two together with other apparently related languages spoken in the Himalayan lands, as well as in the highlands of Southeast Asia and the Sino-Tibetan frontier regions, linguists have generally concluded that there exists a Tibeto-Burman family of languages. More controversial is the theory that the Tibeto-Burman family is itself part of a larger language family, called Sino-Tibetan.
Tibetan family in Kham attending a horse festival
The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi.
Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.
Starting in 2001, the local deaf sign languages of Tibet were standardized, and Tibetan Sign Language is now being promoted across the country.
The first Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar book was written by Alexander Csoma de Kőrös in 1834.
중국티베트어족 티베트-버마어파에 속한 티베트어를 주로 사용한다. 티베트 문자를 쓰며, 방언의 종류가 다양하다.
티베트어의 방언은 크게 우창 티베트어가 속해 있는 중부 방언, 칭하이성 일대와 그 주변에서 쓰이는 암도 방언, 쓰촨성 서부의 고원지대에서 쓰이는 캄 방언의 세 가지로 나뉜다. 이들 방언들 간에는 서로 의사소통이 가능하며, 현대 표준 티베트어는 중부티베트 방언군 중에서도 라싸 방언이라고 한다.
종카어, 시킴어, 라다크어, 발티어가 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다.
Tibet བོད་ & Tibetan བོད་པ་
(Chinese 西藏)
A model presents a creation during a folk costume show at the 5,200-meter-high base camp of the world's highest peak Qomolangma, in southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Aug. 18, 2018. (Xinhua/Liu Dongjun)
Tibetan wild donkeys are seen at the foot of Mount Kangrinboqe in Ngari Prefecture, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Sept. 11, 2018. (Xinhua/Purbu Zhaxi)
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