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제목 | 인도네시아 벼 이앙기 및 콤바인 시장동향(2014.11) | ||||
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게시일 | 2016-03-07 | 국가 | 인도네시아 | 작성자 | 김주선(자카르타무역관) |
품목 | 수확ㆍ탈곡 겸용기 | ||||
품목코드 | 843351 | ||||
작성일자: 2014.11.26 작성자: 자카르타 무역관 Kim Eun Hee(ehkim@kotra.or.kr), Anindita(anindita@kotra.or.kr)
1. Rice in Indonesia
○ The largest rice producing countries are found in Asia. The table below lists the five largest rice producing countries.
World’s Top Five Rice Producers in 2012 Source: FAOSTAT Data 2014
○ Although Indonesia is the third-largest country regarding global rice production, it is still a rice importer. This situation is caused by farmers' use of non-optimal production techniquesin combination with large per capita rice consumption(by a large population). In fact, Indonesia has the largest per capita rice consumption in the worldwith Indonesians consuming around 140 kilogram of rice per person per year.
○ Smallholder farmers account for around 90 percent of Indonesia's rice production, each holding an average land area of less than 0.8 hectares.
Indonesia’s Rice Production(2008-2014) (Unmilled Million Tons) Note: * Forecast Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture
○ Indonesian provinces where most rice is produced are: - South Sumatra - West Java - Central Java - East Java - South Sulawesi
○ Considering that Indonesia contains a population that consumes large quantities of rice, and considering the risks involved being a rice importer when food prices rise(which burdens poorer households as these spend over half of their total expenditure on food items), Indonesia places top priority on reaching self-sufficiency in rice. In fact, the country aims to become a rice exporter.
○ For multiple decades Indonesia has been striving to reach rice self-sufficiency but only succeeded in the mid-1980s and 2008-2009. In recent years Indonesia has needed to import around three million tons of rice annually, mainly from Thailand and Vietnam, to safeguard the country's rice reserves.
○ These imports are handled by state procurement agency Bulog(National Logistics Agency). This agency holds a monopoly on both import and export of rice, deals with the distribution process and safeguards rice price stability in the country. It usually maintains a rice stock of between 1.5 and 2.0 million tons by buying from domestic suppliers or foreign exporters. In 2011 it imported 2.75 million metric tons of rice to stabilize domestic reserves.
○ The Indonesian government uses two approaches on both ends of the chain to reach rice self-sufficiency. On the one end, it encourages farmers to increase their production by stimulating technological innovation and by providing subsidized fertilizers(albeit these subsidies could be reduced due to budget constraints), and on the other end, by trying to curb people's rice consumption through campaigns such as "one day without rice"(per week), while promoting consumption of other staple foods. Both approaches cannot be called a success yet as growth in production numbers rise modestly and most Indonesians simply refuse to give up rice for other food crops.
○ As Indonesia's population continues to grow, thus implying more mouths to feed in the future, the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry(Kadin) as well as several big Indonesian businesses have recently begun partnership programs with small hold rice farmers with the aim of increasing rice production through the use of new technologies and innovative financing programs. These programs are currently being developed and, as such, have not shown significant results yet.
2. Rice Transplanter
○ The lack of labor for rice planting resulted in delayed planting time. Answering the scarcity of labor in agriculture, one of solutions is using agricultural machinery such as rice seed planter(transplanter). The machinery facilitates the farmers to plant rice hence able to save time, accelerate the process of planting rice seedlings as well as overcome the lack of labor in the process of planting rice.
○ Though the using of rice transplanter is relatively easy, just push the machinery like as hand tractor, however, still need time to educate the farmers to transfer from manual method to modern planting method. Currently, there are still many farmers do transplanting manually. It took at least 25 labors per hectare to do the works. While by using rice transplanter, time needed by a farmer to grow rice in an area of one hectare can be for one day. Therefore, it is hoped that this rice-planting machinery can help farmers for energy efficient and time efficient in agricultural activities.
○ In Indonesia, the use of rice transplanter is long enough already begun since 1986 with the technology of Japanese rice transplanter. Majority, rice transplater is already used in Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.
○ Rice transplanters in Indonesia are generally still imported at a relatively expensive price. There are two major brands for rice tranplanter, Kubota and Yanmar. The brands are originally from Japan, but for Indonesian market are imported from China.
Brand of Rice Transplanter in Indonesian Market
Price of Rice Transplanter in Indonesian Market
3. Combine Rice Harvester
○ Rice harvest is a serries of rice cultivation which plays an important role and is a critical time which affects the quality and quantity of production. Harvest requires many labors, while some areas lack of labor and its cost is quite expensive. Therefore the implementation of the rice harvest machinery becomes a necessity.
○ Indonesia's rice harvest problems are: the type of rice that is easy to fall off; narrow rice fields(from 0.10 to 0.5 ha) and the condition of the mushy rice fields during the rice harvest. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate rice harvest machinery for Indonesian specific conditions: harvesting machine that is able to suppress losses result, easy to implement on a narrow paddy field and do not vanish when operated in the paddy field.
○ Type of rice combine harvester which has been introduced in Indonesia is generally large type. There are two common types: whole-feeding and half-feeding. Weaknesses and advantages of both types become a reference for manufacturers to design consideration in the development of(modified) machine is a mini combine harvester.
○ There are several brands of combine rice harvester. The major brands are Yanmar and Kubota.
Brand of Combine Rice Harvester in Indonesian Market
Price of Rice Harvester in Indonesian Market
4. Import Trend
Product Description of HS Code 8433.51.00.00
○ According to Indonesian statistical agency(BPS), the total imports of HS Code 8433.51.00.00 reached US$ 16,069,315 in 2013. It increased 22.88% compared to previous year that reached US$ 13,077,375.
Import Trend of HS Code 8433.51.00.00 Source: BPS
○ In 2013, China was the most origin country of the imports products under HS Code 8433.51.00.00. Its share reached 98.7% compared to other countries such as Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. Imports from China total valued at US$ 15,858,265 that increased 22% compared to previous year that reached US$ 12,997,243 in 2012.
○ Imports from South Korea were ranked in the third position. The total imports valued at US$ 39,459 with share 0.25%. It has increased 831.5% compared to previous year that reached US$ 4,236.
Origin Countries of the Import of HS Code 8433.51.00.00 Source: BPS
5. Import Tariff
Import Tariff and Tax of HS Code 8433.51.00.00 Source: Ministry of Finance
6. Exhibition
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