경주이씨 역과 합격자 명적(譯科 合格者 名籍)

작성일 :  2010. 9. 4. 16:56 ■ 경주이씨 역과(譯科) 급제자 목록    조선시대에  잡과가 233회 실시되었고, 이중 177회가 전해지며, 여기에는 역과 171회 합격자가 포함되 있다.  수록인원>44명<div class="table-wrap"><table data-ke-type="table" data-ke-align="alignLeft" style="width: 100%;" border="1"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">인 명</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">자(字)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;">호(號)</td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">과시년도(科試年度)</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">생졸년</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">합격등급</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">연령</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">관직(官職)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">거주지</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이화종 (李和宗)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">태지(泰之)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1498(연산군4) 戊午式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">未詳</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(2/18)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;"> </td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이경원 (李敬元)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;"> </td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1543(중종38) 癸卯式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">未詳</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">[壯元](1/15)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;"> </td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">직장(直長)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">京</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이선길 (李善吉)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">덕원(德元)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1601(선조34) 辛丑式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1557 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(6/14)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">45세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">京</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이성준 (李成俊)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;"> </td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1619(광해군11)己未增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1600 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(8/23)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">20세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">판관(判官)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이후열 (李後說)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">군필(君弼)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1657(효종 8) 丁酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1631 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(13/13)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">27세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">한학(漢學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이선방 (李先芳)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">백형(伯馨)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1702(숙종28) 壬午式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1681 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(11/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">22세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">판관(判官)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이만양 (李萬養)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">이백(而白)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1705(숙종31) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1686 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">一等(2/17)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">20세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">교회(敎誨)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이윤하 (李潤夏)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">덕신(德身)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1719(숙종45) 己亥增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1675 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(9/18)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">45세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">총민(聰敏)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이동방 (李東芳)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">군형(君馨)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1720(숙종46) 庚子式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1701 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(16/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">20세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">몽학(蒙學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이억성 (李億成)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">대년(大年)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1735(영조11) 乙卯增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1708 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(6/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">28세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">동지(同知)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이운성 (李運成)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">이명(彛明)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1735(영조11) 乙卯增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1717 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(9/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">19세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">첨정(僉正)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이성 (李城)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">여고(汝固)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1747(영조23) 丁卯式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1713 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(19/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">35세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">上通事</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이종진 (李宗鎭)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">미백(美伯)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1754(영조30) 甲戌增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1738 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">一等(2/27)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">17세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">上通事</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이문방 (李門芳)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">계형(季亨)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1754(영조30) 甲戌增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1733 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(10/27)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">22세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">주부(主簿)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광복 (李光復)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">광보(光甫)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1763(영조39) 癸未增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1737 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(24/27)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">27세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광묵 (李光默)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">시언(時言)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1765(영조41) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1741 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">一等(3/15)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">25세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">주부(主簿)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광정 (李光鼎)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">군중(君仲)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1765(영조41) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1744 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(4/15)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">22세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">첨지(僉知)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광렬 (李光烈)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">중회(仲晦)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1771(영조47) 辛卯式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1748 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(17/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">24세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">別遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광국 (李光國)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">백경(伯經)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1773(영조49) 癸巳增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1753 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(21/27)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">21세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광규 (李光圭)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">문중(文仲)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1777(정조 1) 丁酉增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1757 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(13/14)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">21세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">동지(同知)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이경진 (李敬鎭)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">계직(季直)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1786(정조10) 丙午式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1754 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(18/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">33세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">훈도(訓導)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이광호 (李光祜)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">군수(君受)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1789(정조13) 己酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1768 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(4/14)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">22세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">첨정(僉正)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이규 (李珪)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">성보(聖甫)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1792(정조16) 壬子式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1762 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(15/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">31세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">別遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이신화 (李信和)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">현보(賢甫)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1805(순조 5) 乙丑增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1771 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(17/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">35세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">別遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이석구 (李石耈)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">양사(良師)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1812(순조12) 壬申增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1793 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(11/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">20세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이인화 (李寅和)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">춘보(春輔)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1819(순조19) 己卯式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1784 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(19/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">36세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">元遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이석기 (李錫祺)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">천여(天汝)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1825(순조25) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1799 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(19/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">27세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">훈도(訓導)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이정모 (李廷模)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">자응(子應)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1834(순조34) 甲午式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1808 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(10/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">27세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">주부(主簿)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이득형 (李得炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">일선(一善)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1844(헌종10) 甲辰增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1825 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(16/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">20세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이조형 (李肇炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">경초(景初)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1859(철종10) 己未增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1833 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(14/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">27세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">주부(主簿)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이익형 (李益炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">경선(景善)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1864(고종 1) 甲子增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1824 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(18/18)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">41세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">別遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이일형 (李日炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">윤승(允昇)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1864(고종 1) 甲子增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1840 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(6/15)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">25세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">첨정(僉正)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이두형 (李斗炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">윤남(允南)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1870(고종 7) 庚午式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1852 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(5/19)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">19세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">漢學官</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이시형 (李蓍炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">경의(景儀)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1873(고종10) 癸酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1851 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(17/20)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">23세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">上通事</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이종태 (李鍾泰)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">공래(公來)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;">소농(筱農)</td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1874(고종11) 甲戌增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1850 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(18/39)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">25세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">부경(副卿)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">京</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이유준 (李裕俊)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">심여(心汝)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1874(고종11) 甲戌增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1849 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(19/39)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">26세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">別遞兒</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이수형 (李壽炯)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">경오(景五)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1874(고종11) 甲戌增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1849 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(32/39)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">26세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">몽학(蒙學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이승우 (李承雨)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">계백(啓伯)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1879(고종16) 己卯式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1859 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(17/36)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">21세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이중우 (李重雨)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">정숙(鼎叔)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1880(고종17) 庚辰增廣試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1863 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(15/42)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">18세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">봉사(奉事)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이의덕 (李宜悳)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">우삼(友三)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1885(고종22) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1849 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(34/36)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">37세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">몽학(蒙學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이동석 (李東錫)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">치인(稚仁)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1885(고종22) 乙酉式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1814 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(28/62)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">72세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">舊押物</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이희두 (李喜斗)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">원중(元仲)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1888(고종25) 戊子式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1865 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">二等(17/45)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">24세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">한학(漢學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이태용 (李泰鏞)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">성원(聲遠)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1888(고종25) 戊子式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1872 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(37/45)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">17세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">몽학(蒙學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 9.45776%;">  이유건 (李裕健)</td><td style="width: 10.971%;">경천(敬天)</td><td style="width: 10.8449%;"> </td><td style="width: 22.4464%;">1888(고종25) 戊子式年試</td><td style="width: 9.33165%;">1854 ~ ?</td><td style="width: 11.8537%;">三等(41/45)</td><td style="width: 6.80958%;">35세</td><td style="width: 10.4666%;">왜학(倭學)</td><td style="width: 7.69231%;">未詳</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 99.8739%;" colspan="9">[출전]『조선시대(朝鮮時代) 잡과합격자(雜科合格者) 총람(總覽)』(韓國精神文化硏究院歷史硏究室)편,   ●역과(譯科) 역과(譯科)는 조선시대 통역관을 선발하는 잡과[雜科-이과(吏科)·역과(譯科)·의과(醫科)·음양과(陰陽科)]의 과거시험(科擧試驗)을 말한다. 한학(漢學)·몽학(蒙學)·여진학(女眞學)·왜학(倭學) 등의 4분야로 나누어져 있었다. 한학은 대명외교(對明外交)의 중요성 때문에 조선 초기부터 실시되었으나, 몽학은 1419년(세종 1), 왜학은 1441년, 여진학은 1451년(문종 1)부터 실시되었다.   역과(譯科)는 다른 잡과와 마찬가지로 식년시(式年試-3년마다 보는시험)와 증광시增廣試-조선 시대에, 나라에 큰 경사가 있을 때 실시하던 임시 과거 시험)에만 시행되었고, 초시(初試)와 복시(覆試)만 실시되었다. 초시는 상식년(上式年) 가을에 사역원(司譯院)에서 실시하였다. 복시는 사역원이 예조와 함께 시행했다.   역과(譯科) 합격자는 일단 사역원(司譯院-고려·조선시대의 번역·통역 및 외국어 교육기관)의 권지(權知)로 배속되었다. 1등은 종7품계를, 2등은 종8품계를, 3등은 종9품계를 주되, 이미 품계를 가진 자에게는 그 품계에서 1계를 올려주고, 올린 품계가 받아야 할 품계와 같을 경우에는 1계를 더 올려주었다.   [참고문헌]   『경국대전(經國大典)』 「조선초기의 기술관과 그 지위」(이성무, 『류홍렬박사화갑기념논총(柳洪烈博士華甲記念論叢)』, 1971) 「학제(學制)와 과거제」(조좌호, 『한국사』 10, 국사편찬위원회, 1974)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>