의학약어사전

<A name="[문서의 처음]"></A> 의학 약어 사전을 만들면서 외우기 힘들고 낯설은 의학 약어들, 부분에 따라 여러가지로 쓰이는 약어들 때문에 짜증이 나서 하나 둘씩 워드로 치기 시작한 것이 벌써 이만큼이나 되었다. 이중에는 내가 공부하면서 하나씩 하나씩 친것들이 대부분이고, 간혹 가다 눈에 띄는 약어 모음 부록이 있으면 거기에서 조금씩 조금씩 추가를 해나간 것이며 그 서적은 아래에 적어 두었다. 참고가 되기를 바란다. 혹 틀린것이 있거나 오타가 있는 경우에는 지적을 해주기를 바란다. 여러분에게 많은 도움이 되기를 바라면서 이만 줄인다. 이 사전을 보는 방법으로는 하나, 모르는 약어의 단어 나열 순서로 찾아보면 된다. 둘, 글자체가 두껍게 되어 있는 것은 대한 의학 협회에서 발행한 의학용어집에 실려 있는 약어이거나 Dorland Dictionary에 실려 있는 국내적, 국제적으로 공인된 약어들이다. 대부분 외원주는 것이 좋을 것이다. 일부러 외울 필요는 없지만 셋, ()로 묶여져 있는 것들은 생략을 해도 되는 것들이거나 어느 곳에서는 있는 데 어느 곳에서는 없는 부분이다. 확실히 알아보지 못한 것들이므로 각자 알아서 보기 바란다. 넷, 한 약어에 여러개의 뜻이 있는 경우는 번호를 붙여 정리를 해놓았다. 그중에서 맞는 것을 골라서 쓰기 바란다. 다섯, 이 약어 사전은 본인이 공부하거나 생활하는 도중에 보는 약어를 계속해서 정리해 추가할것이므로 항상 최신날짜(아래에 적혀져 있다.)의 것을 보기바란다. 여섯, 마지막 부분에 여러가지 단위가 있으므로 참고하기 바란다. 일곱, ⇨ 표시는 약간의 요약이나 설명이 있으므로 참조하라는 뜻이다. 그중에는 완전한 단어가 명시되어 있는 경우도 있는데 이는 본인이 따로이 정리한 단어 모음집인 Word.hwp 에 있는 것을 의미하므로 함께보는 것이 나을 것이다. 여덟, 약어사전으로만 쓸 사람은 간혹 정리해놓은 것들을 개인적(Hitel에서 File(MD-ABB)을 Down받은 사람에 한해서)으로 편집해서 쓰기 바랍니다.   참고서적 1. 의학용어집(醫學用語集) 대한의학협회(大韓醫學協會) 편저(編著) 도서출판 아카데미 편집 2. DORLAND's Illustrated Medical Dictionary  27th Edition 3. 의학용어ꡔThe Language of Medicineꡕ    김 현숙(金賢淑) 편저(編著) 도서출판(圖書出版) 현문사(賢文社) 4. 의학용어(醫學用語)ꡔMedical Terminologyꡕ    윤 인숙(尹仁淑) 편저(編著) 도서출판(圖書出版) 고문사(高文社) 5. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy  8th Edition  James E. Anderson, M.D. A; Artery A2; Aortic Component of the Second Heart Sound(S2) AA;   1) Aortic Arch(= Arcus Aortae)(= AA); 대동맥궁   2) Aplastic Anemia ⇨ Anemia   3) Amino-Acid   4) Alcoholic Anonymous   5) Amyloid A protein a.a.; ana; of each; 각각 AAMD; American Association on Mental Deficiency; 미국 정신 박약 협회 AAMD-ABS; American Association on Mental Deficiency-Adaptive Behavior Scale; 미국 정신 박약 협회 적응 행동 척도 AAT; Alpha(α)-Anti-Trypsin AB, Ab;   1) Anti-body; 항체   2) Anti-Biotics; 항생제 ABA; Amino-Butyric Acid Abd.; Abdomen; 복부 ABE; Acute Bacterial Endocarditis ABGA; Arterial Blood Gas Analysis abl; Abelson ABO; Three Main Blood Types ABPA; Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis ABR; Absolute Bed Rest ABS; Adaptive Behavior Scale ABVD; Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastin, Dacarbazine AC;    1) Adenylate Cyclase   2) Abdominal Circumference   3) Air Conduction Ac; Acute; 급성 a.c.; ante cibum; before meals; 식전 ACA; Anterior Cerebral Artery Accom.; Accommodation; 순응 ACD;   1) Absolute Cardiac Dullness; 절대심둔탁음   2) Anemia of Chronic Disease   3) Acid Citrate Dextrose   4) Allergic Contact Dermatitis   5) Autosomal Co-Dominant Acid.; Acidosis ACE; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme   = Kininase II   = Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase ACGIH; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist; 미국 산업 위생사 협회 ACh; Acetyl-Choline AChE; Acetyl-Cholin-Esterase AChRs; Acetylcholine Receptors A-COM; Anterior COMmunicating artery ACP; ACid Phosphatase ACR; Amylase-Creatinine Clearance Ratio             Urine Amylase   Serum Cr  Cam/CCr = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 100            Serum Amylase   Urine Cr  * Normal; 1 - 4 %  * Acute Pancreatitis; > 6 % ACTH; Adreno-Cortico-Tropic(=Tropin)(or steroid) Hormone AD;   1) Alveolar Duct   2) Autosomal Dominant   3) Auris Dextra; Right Ear; 오른쪽 귀 ADA; Adenosine De-Aminase ADC; AIDS Dementia Complex; AIDS 치매 복합 ADCC cell; Antibody Dependent Cellular(= Cell-Mediated) Cytotoxicity cell ADD;   1) Attention Deficit Disorder     = Hyperkinetic Syndrome   2) Androstenediene ADH;   1) Aldehyde De-Hydrogenase     = ALDH   2) Anti-Diuretic Hormone     = Vasopressin ADHD; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; 주의력 부족 행동 과다 장애 ADI; Acute Drug Intoxication ad lib; ad libitum; at pleasure; 원하는 대로 ADP; Adenosine Di-Phosphate ADS; Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ADSA; Arterial Digital Subtraction Angiography AE; Above the Elbow AEF; Amyloid Enhancing Factor AER; Albumin Excretion Rate AF; Atrial Fibrillation Af; Atrial flutter   = AFL AFB; Acid-Fast Bacillus(Type that causes Tuberculosis) AFB Stain; Acid Fast Bacilli Stain AFL; Atrial flutter   = Af AFO; Ankle Foot Orthosis AFP; Alpha(α) Feto-Protein [HP 1826, 1858, 1859, 2265]   ; Oncofetal Antigens   ; produced  by the Liver & Gastrointestinal Tract Epithelium during Gestation   ; fall to ≤ 20,000 ng/L(20 ng/mL) after Birth   ; Utility; Monitoring Tumor Activity(esp. Testicular Tumor)   ◉ 증가하는 경우     1. Liver Ca(Hepatocellular Carcinoma(70 %)); Hepatoma; very High     2. Endometrial Sinus Tumor     3. Immature Teratoma; Teratoblastoma of Ovary, Testis     4. Embryonal Ca     5. GIT Cancer(Neoplasms)의 Liver Metastasis     6. Normal Pregnancy     7. active Liver Disease     8. CNS Germ Cell Tumors     9. Metastatic Cancer of Unknown Origin    10. Testicular Cancer(Nonseminomatous); Majority    11. Benign Conditions; Inflammatory Disease of Liver AG;   1) Amino-Glycoside   2) Anion Gap ⇨ Anion Gap Ag; Anti-gen A/G; Amenorrhea/Galactorrhea A/G ratio; Albumin/Globulin ratio; 알부민대 글로불린의 비율 AGA; Appropriate for Gestational Age; 적량아 AGC; Automatic Gain Control AGE;   1) Arterial Gas Embolism   2) Acute Gastro-Enteritis AGML; Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesion AGN; Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis AGP AGT; Anti-Globulin Test   = Coombs' Test AH;   1) Atrial Hypertrophy   2) Anti-Hyaluronidase   3) Amyloid immunoglobulin Heavy chain protein AHA; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia AHC; Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy AHE; Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis AHF; Anti-Hemophilic Factor   = AHG AHG; Anti-Hemophilic Globulin   = AHF AHI; Apnea-Hypopnea Index AHO; Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy AI;   1) Artificial Insemination   2) Aortic Insufficience(= -cy)(= Incompetence)     = AR AIA; Aspirin Induced Asthma AICA; Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery; Hemifacial Spasm AICAR; Amino-Imidazole Carbox-Amide Ribotide AICD; Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator AID;   1) Artificial Insemination Donor   2) Donor Artificial Insemination AIDS; Acquired Immuno(Immune)-Deficiency Syndrome; 후천성 면역 결핍 증후군 AIIS; Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine AIH;   1) Artificial Insemination Husband   2) Homologous Artificial Insemination AIHA; Auto-Immune Hemolytic Anemia AILD; Angio-Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia AION; Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy AIP; Acute Intermittent Porphyria; 급성 간혈증 Porphyria AIS; Androgen Insensitive Syndrome   = Testicular Feminization Syndrome AISA; Acquired Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia   = RARS a.j.; ankle jerk; 비근경련, 과반사 AJC; American Joint Committee AJCC; American Joint Committee on Cancer AJKD; American Journal of Kidney Diseases AK; Above the Knee AL; Amyloid immunoglobulin Light chain protein ALA; American Lung Association ALAD; ALA Dehydratase Alb.; Albumin ALD; Adreno-Leuko-Dystrophy ALDH; ALdehyde DeHydrogenase   = ADH ALG; Anti-Lymphocyte Globulin Alk.;   1) Alkalosis   2) Alkali ALL; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia   형태학적 분류     L1; Small, Homogenous(Child Type)     L2; Large, Heterogenous(Adult Type)     L3; Large, Homogenous Vacuolated(Burkitt's Type) ALP; ALkaline Phosphatase   = AP   상승     1. Paget Disease     2. 골연화증 αHBe; Antibody against Hepatitis Be Antigen αHBs; Antibody against Hepatitis B surface Antigen ALS; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALT; ALanine Transaminase(aminoTransferase)   = SGPT ALTE; Apparent Life-Threatening Event; 생명 위협 사건   = Near Miss   ; 호흡 정지와 빈맥, 청색증, 창백, 의식장애가 있다가 성공적으로 소생시킨 사건 A.M.; Morning; 오전 AMA;   1) Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies   2) American Medical Association AMG; α2 -Macroglobulin AMI; Acute Myocardial Infarction   ◉ Complications(Cx)     1. Early Cx       1) Arrythmia       2) Persistent Recurrent Chest Pain       3) Ventricular Dysfunction       4) Reversible Hypotension       5) Cardiogenic Shock       6) Pericarditis       7) Pulmonary or Systemic Embolism       8) VSD(a/c Ventricular Septal Perforation)       9) Acute MR(a/c Papillary Muscle Rupture)      10) External Cardiac Rupture      11) Emotional Response     2. Late Cx       1) HF(CHF)       2) Ventricular Aneurysm       3) Angina       4) Shoulder Hand Syndrome       5) Pseudoaneurysm       6) Dressler Syndrome amidoPRT; amido-Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase AML; Acute Myelogenous Leukemia   Morphologic Classification(FAB분류)     1. M0; Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia     2. M1; AML without Differentiation(Maturation); Myeloblast Prominence     3. M2; AML with Differentiation(Maturation); Myeloblast & Promyelocyte     4. M3; Acute Promyelocyte Leukemia; Promyelocyte Predominate; DIC 가 잘생김     5. M4; Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia; Myelocyte & Monocyte     6. M5; Acute Monocytic Leukemia; Promonocyte or Undifferentiated Blast     * M4 & M5 ; Extramedullary Involve가 많다.     7. M6; Acute Erythroleukemia; Erythroblast(주) + Myeloblast(일부)     8. M7; Megakaryocytic Leukemia; Pleomorphic Undifferentiated AMM; Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia AMP; Adenosine Mono-Phosphate amp.; ample AMPT; Alpha(α)-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine AMS; Acute Mountain Sickness ANA; Anti-Nuclear Antibody ANCA; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ANF; Atrial Natriuretic Factors ANSI; American National Standards Institute Anti-ENA; Anti-Extractable Nuclear Antigens Anti-LKM; Antibodies to Liver-Kidney Microsome ANTU; Alpha(α)-Naphthyl-Thio-Urea   1) 합성 살서제   2) 회색분말   3) LD50; 6.9 mg/kg(BW)   4) 인축에 해는 적다. Ao; Aorta AOM; Acute Otitis Media AP;   1) Alkaline Phosphatase     = ALP   2) Amyloid Plasma protein   3) Antero-Posterior; 전후의 A & P; Auscultation & Percussion; 청진(聽診) 및(과) 타진(打診) APB; Atrial Premature Beat APCs; Atrial PrematureContractions APECED; Autoimmune Poly-Endocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy APL; Abductor Pollicis Longus APM; Acute Purulent Meningitis APN; Acute Pyelo-Nephritis APRT; Adenine Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase APSAC;   1) Acylating the Plasminogen Streptokinase Activated Complex   2) Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex     = Anistreplase APSGN; Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulo-Nephritis; 연쇄상 구균감염후 급성 사구체 신염 aPTT; activated Partial Thromboplastin Time APUD; Amine Precursor Uptake & Decarboxylation a.q.; aqua; Water; 물 AR;   1) Aortic Regurgitation     = AI   Echo소견     1. LVESD 증가     2. EF 증가     3. 승모판 전엽의 미세한 경련     4. MV의 Preclosure(급성 AR의 경우)   2) Aortic Response   3) Autosomal Recessive     1. Albinism     2. Hurler Syndrome     3. PKU     4. Tay-Sachs Disease     5. Galactosemia     6. Gaucher's Disease     7. Alkaptonuria     8. Wilson's Disease   4) Allergic Rhinitis   5) Attributable Risk; 귀속위험도 ARC; AIDS Related Complex; AIDS 관련 복합 ARDS; Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARF; Acute Renal Failure ARL; Association of Research Libraries ARMD; Age-Related Macular Degeneration; 노인성 황반 형성 ARS; Anti-Rabies Serum ART; Automized Reagin antibody Test AS;   1) Aortic Stenosis     ; LV 와 Aorta 사이의 압력차     ΔP = 4V2(mmHg)     V; Aorta의 최고 혈류 속도(m/sec)   2) Alveolar Sac   3) Ankylosing Spondylitis   4) Alport Syndrome   5) Auris Sinistra; Left Ear; 왼쪽 귀 As; 비소 ASA, A.S.A.; Acetyl-Salicylic Acid(= Aspirin) ASAB; Anti-Sperm Anti-Bodies ASD; Atrial Septal Defect   Types of ASD   1. Ostium Primum ASD   2. Ostium Secundum ASD; mc   3. Sinus Venosus ASD   4. Coronary Sinus ASD ASDC; Association of Sleep Disorders Centers; 미국 수면 질환 센터 협회 ASH; Asymmetric(al) Septal Hypertrophy AsH3; Arsine ASIS; Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ASK; Anti-Strepto-Kinase ASO;   1) Arterio-Sclerosis Obliterans   2) Anti-Streptolysin O; ≦ 166 AST; ASpartate Transaminase(aminoTransferase)   = SGOT Astigm.; Astigmatism ASTZ test; Anti-Strepto-Zyme Test   = ASZT ASZT; Anti-Strepto-Zyme Test   = ASTZ a.t.; acquisition time; 영상회복시간   = TR x N x Nex   TR; Time to Repeat   N; pixel(picture element)의 열의 수   Nex; Excitation회수 ATG; Anti-Thymocyte Globulin ATL; Adult T cell Lymphoma ATLL; Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma ATN; Acute Tubular Necrosis ATP;   1) Adenosine Tri-Phosphate   2) Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura AU; Auris Uterque; Both Ears 198AU; Radioactive Gold(used in interstitial radio theraphy) AV;   1) Azygo(u)s Vein(AV)(= Vena Azygo(u)s); 기정맥(奇靜脈)   1) Atrio-Ventricular   2) Aortic Valve   3) Arterio-Venous; 동정맥의 AV node; Atrio-Ventricular node; 방실 결절   0.1 sec Delay AVF;   1) Arterio-Venous Fistula ⇨ Arterio-Venous Fistula   2) Augmented Voltage Foot AVH; Acute Viral hepatitis AVL; Augmented Voltage Left arm AVM; Arterio-Venous Malformation AVN;   1) Atrio-Ventricular Node   2) AVascular Necrosis AVP;   1) Active non apeptide(?)   2) Arginine Vaso-Pressin AVR; Augmented Voltage Right arm   Frank N. Wilson   Lead I, II, III와 같은 크기의 EKG를 얻기 위해서는 EKG 기계의 전압을 증강(Augment)시켜야 한다는 것 AVT; Arginine Vaso-Tocin AZT; AZidoThymidine   = ZDV BA; Bore Area Ba; Barium Ba E; Barium Enema BAE; Bronchial Artery Embolization BAER; Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response(Potential) BAL;   1) Brocho-Alveolar Lavage   2) British Anti-Lewisite     = Dimercaprol BAN; Basle Anatomic Nomenclature; 바젤 해부학 명명법   = BNA BAO; Basal Acid Output BAS; Balloon Atrio-Septostomy BATOs; Boronic Adducts of Technetium Oxine BBB;   1) Bundle Branch Block   2) Blood Brain Barrier ⇨ Blood Brain Barrier BBBB; Bilateral Bundle Branch Block BBT; Basal Body Temperature; 기초체온 BC; Bone Conduction BCAA; Branched Chain Amino Acid BCC; Basal Cell Carcinoma BCG;   1) Bacillus(Bacille)-Calmette-Gue'rin   2) Bromo-Cresol Green bcr; breakpoint cluster region BCYE-α agar; Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract agar with α-ketoglutarate BD; Behcet's Disease BDR; Back-ground Diabetic Retinopathy BE;   1) Bacterial Endocarditis   2) Base Excess   3) Below the Elbow BEP; Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin BERA; Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry β-ABA; β-Amino-Butyric Acid β-CCE; β-Carboline-3-Carboxy(lic) acid Ethylester β-HCG(hCG); Beta(β)-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; 사람융모성성선자극호르몬 BFUe; erythroid Burst Forming Unit BGT; Bender-Gestalt Test BGU; Benign Gastric Ulcer B-H Contraction; Braxton-Hicks Contraction BH4; tetra-Hydrobiopterin BI; Behavior Identity BID, bid, b.i.d; Bis In Die; Twice a Day; 하루에 두번 BIN, bin, b.i.n.; Bis In Nocte; Twice A Night; 하루밤에 두번 BIP; Brochiolar Interstitial Pneumonia B-J protein; Bence-Jones Protein   의의; Multiple Myeloma BK; Below the Knee BLS; Basic Life Support BLV; Biologic Limit Value; 생물학적 허용한계 BM;   1) Bone Marrow   2) Basement Membrane   3) Bench-Mark; 수준 기표 b.m.; bowel movement; 장운동 BMD; Bone Mineral Density BMR; Basal Metabolic Rate; 기초대사율 BMT; Bone Marrow Transplantation;골수 이식 BMZ; Basement Membrane Zone BNA; Basle Nomina Anatomica; 바젤 해부학 명명법   = BAN BOD; Biochemical Oxygen Demand; 생물학적 산소 요구량   ; 1 L 수중의 유기물을 Bacteria 가 20 ℃에서 5일간 분해하는데 소비하는 산소의 양   ; 물의 오염도 측정(ppm단위); 하수 오염의 지표완료   1. 제 1단계 BOD(BOD5); 탄소 화합물의 산화 완료까지 소비되는 산소량(7 - 10 일)     ; ≦ 20 ppm   2. 제 2단계 BOD; 질소 화합물의 산화 완료까지 소비되는 산소량(100 일) BOW; Back Of Water BP;   1) Blood Pressure; 혈압   2) Bullous Pemphigoid   3) Benzathin Penicillin   4) Broncho-Pulmonary bp; base pair; 염기쌍 BPD;   1) Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia; 기관지 폐이형성증   2) Bi-Parietal Diameter BPF; Brocho-Pleural Fistula BPH; Benign Prostate(Prostatic) Hypertrophy(Hyperplasia); 전립선 비대(증) BPO; Benzyl-Penicilloyl BPP; Bio-Physical Profile BPPV; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo BPRS; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale BPT; Bronchial Provocation Test; 기관지 유발 시험 BPV; Benign Positional Vertigo BrDU; 5-Bromo-Deoxy-Uridine BRM; Biologic Response Modifiers; 생물학적 반응 조절제 BS;   1) Breath Sounds; 호흡음   2) Blood Sugar   3) Bile Salts BSA; Body Surface Area; 체표면적 BSID; Boyley Scales of Infant Development; Boyley 유아 발달 척도 BSO; Bilateral Salping-Oophorectomy BSP; Bromo-Sul-Phalein BSS; Bernard-Soulier Syndrome BST; Blood Sugar Test BT;   1) Bleeding Time   2) Body Temperature BTSS; Biopsy Tissue Scrub Smear btw; by the way B-T shunt; Blalock-Taussig shunt B.T.U.; British Thermal Unit BUN; Blood Urea Nitrogen; 혈액(중) 요소 질소 BUT; Break-Up Time BV;   1) Blood Volume   2) Bacterial Vaginosis B/W; Black/White Bx, bx; Biopsy BZ Disease; Brill Zinsser Disease Bz-Ty-PABA test; N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-p-Amino-Benzoic Acid test   = Bentiromide test   = Tripeptide Hydrolysis test C;   1) Complement   2) Centigrade; 섭씨 C.;   1) Candida     C. Albicans     C. Guilliermondi     C. Krusei     C. Parapsilosis     C. Tropicalis   2) Clostridium     C. Botulinum     C. Difficile     C. Perfringens(= C. Welchii)     C. Tetani; 파상풍균   3) Clonorchis; 간흡충(속)     C. Sinensis; 간흡충, 간디스토마   4) Cervical Vertebrae     C1; 1st Cervical Vertebrae     C2; 2nd Cervical Vertebrae c~; cum; with; ~와 같이 CA-125; Cancer Antigen-125 Ca;   1) Carcinoma   2) Cancer; 암   3) Calcium CABG; Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CAF; Cytoxan, Adriamycin(= Doxorubicin), 5-FU CAH;   1) Chronic Active Hepatitis   2) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia CALLA; Common Acute Lymphocytic(Lymphoblastic) Leukemia Antigen   = CD10   = Enkephalinase CAMP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(Doxorubicin), Methotrexate, Procarbazine cAMP; cyclic Adenosine Mono-Phosphate cap.; capsula; capsule CAP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(Doxorubicin), cis-Platinum CAPD; Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis CARL; Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries CAT;   1) Computerized(= Computed) Axial Tomography     = CAT scan     = CT   2) Children Appenception Test CAVH; Continous Arterio-Venous Hemodialysis CAVHD; Continous Arterio-Venous Hemo-Dialysis CBC, cbc; Complete Blood Count; 완전 혈구 계산 CBD; Common Bile Duct   ◉ Absolute Ix of CBD Exploration     1. Palpable Stones     2. Jaundice with Cholangitis     3. Demonstration of Stones by Cholangiography     4. Dilatation of CBD > 12 mm CBF; Cerebral Blood Flow CBG; Cortisol-Binding Globulin   = Transcortin cbl; cerebellar   = cbll cbll; cerebellar   = cbl cbr; cerebral CC;   1) Chief Complaint; 주소(主訴), 주된 호소(불평)   2) Closing Capacity     CC = CV + RV   3) Cord Compression cc; cubic centimeter; 1/1000 Liter CCA; Common Carotid Artery CCE; Carboline-3-Carboxy(lic) acid Ethylester CCF;   1) Carotid(Carotico-) Cavernous Fistula   2) Crystal-induced Chemotactic Factor CCK; Chole-Cysto-Kinin CCK-8; Chole-Cysto-Kinin octapeptide CCK-Pz; CholeCystoKinin-Pancreozymin CCl4; Phosgene CCPD; Continous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis Ccr; Creatinine Clearance; 80 - 90 ml/min CCR; Creatine Clearance Rate; 3.0 - 3.5 gm/24 hr CCT; Cephalic Cholestol Test CCU; Coronary(= Cardiac) Care Unit; 관(상)(동맥)질환집중치료(병동)(관상동맥질환집중 治療病棟), 관(상)(동맥)질환감시병실(관상동맥疾患監視病室), 심장병 집중 치료실   = Nursing Unit CD; Cluster of Differentation Cd; Cadmium CDC;   1) Cheno-Deoxy-Cholic acid     = CDCA   2) Center for Disease Control & Prevention CDCA; Cheno-Deoxy-Cholic Acid   = CDC CDH;   1) Chronic Daily Headache     = CTH     = DCH     = DMH     = TFM   2) Congenital Dislocation of the Hip   3) Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia   4) Congenital Heart Disease CDR; Crude Death Rate; 보통사망률 CE; Cholesterol Ester CE angle; Center-Edge angle CEA; Carcino-Embryonic Antigen [HP 1825-6]   ; Oncofetal Antigens   ; Glycoprotein(MW 180,000)   ; Normal; 2500 ng/L(2.5 ng/mL)     1. concentrated in the Glycocalyx of epithelial Cells     2. released into the Lumen of the Bowel   ; Malignancy     1. concentrations elevated in the Blood & other Body Fluids   ; 1. Specific for Bowel Cnacer     2. Nonspecific Tumor-associated Antigen     3. Benign Conditions   ; Not selective for Cancer     Not Used in Screening for Malignancy   ; Sereal measurement; Treatments & the Recurrence of Disease   ◉ 의의(in Colon Ca)     1) F/U시 이용; Metastasis or recurrence     2) Metastasis 판정     3) Little Value in Dx   ◉ 증가하는 경우     1) Neoplasm(≥ 50 %) of       1> Colon       2> Pancreas       3> Lung       4> Breast       5> Stomach     2) Nonmalignant Conditions; Not over 10,000 ng/L(10ng/mL)       1> Cigarette Smoking       2> Chronic Pulmonary Disease       3> Liver Cirrhosis; Alcoholic       4> Hepatitis       5> Inflammatory Bowel Disease       6> Uremia CEP; Congenital Erythropoetic Porphyria(= Gu"nther Disease; 선천성 조혈기성 Porphyria CER; Conditioned Emotional Response; 조건화 감정 반응 CF;   1) Cystic Fibrosis   2) Complement Fixing antibody   3) Conversion Factor C/F; Clinical Finding CF test; Complement Fixation test; 보체결합법 CFC; Freon; 오존층파괴 CFCs; Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons CFS; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFU; Colony Forming Unit CFUe; erythroid Colony Forming Unit CFV; Call For Vote CGD; Chronic Granulomatous Disease; 만성 육아종 질환 c.gl.; correction with glasses cGMP; cyclic Guanosine Mono-Phosphate CGRP; Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(Protein) CGRPs; Calcitonin Gene-Related Products CH50; Hemolytic Complement 50; 용혈 보체 검사법; (30)50 - (40)(66)80 Unit/mL CHA; Common Hepatic Artery CHAMOCA; Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxyuria, Actinomycin-D, MTX, Folic Acid, Adriamycin CHARGE Associations;   Coloboma   Heart disease   Atresia choanae   Retared growth & development or CNS anomalies   Genital anomalies &/or hypogonadism   Ear anomalies &/or deafness Associations CHD;   1) Congenital Heart Disease   2) Common Hepatic Duct CHF; Congestive Heart Failure; 울혈성 심마비 CHOP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisolone Chr; Chronic; 만성 CHS;   1) Cholinesterae   2) Chediak-Higashi Syndrome CI;   1) Corporate Identity   2) Completed Infarction   3) Cardiac Index CIC; Circulating Immune Complexes CID;   1) Carpal Instability Dissociative; 해리성 주근관절 불안정성   2) Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease CIDP; Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Poly(radiculo)neuropathy CIE; Counter(current) Immuno-Electrophoresis; 역면역 전기 영동법 CIN; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia CIND; Carpal Instability Nondissociative; 불해리성 주근관절 불안정성 CIS; Carcinoma In Situ CISCA; CISplastin, Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(=Doxorubicin) CK;   1) Creatine Kinase   2) Creatinine Phosphokinase Ck; Check; 조사 CK-MB; Creatine Kinase MB Fraction CL; Capillary Loops CLD; Chronic Lung Disease; 만성폐질환 CLH; Chronic Lobular Hepatitis CLIP; Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Peptide CLL; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia CLO; 의복의 열차단 단위   1 CLO; 기온 21℃, 기습 50 %, 기류 5cm/sec에서 Metabolic Rate 50 Kcal/m2/Hr로 피부온도가 33℃로 유지 될때의 의복의 방한력               0.18℃   1 CLO = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ             Cal/m2/Hr   보통작업복; 1 CLO   우수한 방한복; 4 - 5 CLO CM;   1) Chlor-aMphenicol   2) Chylo-Micron cM; centi-Morgan  1 cM; 1회의 Meiosis때 recombination이 일어날 확률이 1 % 인 경우 두 유전자사이의 거리         대략 1백만 염기쌍의 거리 cm; centimeter; 1/1000 meter CMD; Cerebro-Macular Degeneration CMF; Cytoxan(or Cyclophosphamide), MTX, 5-FU CMG; Cysto-Metro-Gram; 방광내압곡선 CMI;   1) Cornell Medical Index   2) Cell-Mediated Immunity CML; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia   * Lymphoid Blastic Crisis(≧ 1/3)시 치료는 ALL에 준해서   1. Vincristine   2. Prednisone   3. L-Asparaginase   4. Daunorubisin CMML; Chronic Myelo-Monocytic Leukemia CMO; Corticosteroid Methyl-Oxidase CMOS; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMP; Cardio-Myo-Pathy CMT; Cervical Mucous Test CMV;   1) Cyto-Megalo-Virus     Presents     1. Milk     2. Urine     3. Saliva     4. Feces     5. Semen     6. Cervical Discharge   2) Controlled Mechanical Ventilation CN; Cranial Nerve CNPV; Continuous Negative Pressure Ventilation CNS; Central Nervous System; 중추신경계 CO;   1) Cardiac Output   = Stroke Volume x HR   Stroke Volume 결정인자     1) Preload (LV 에 최대로 Blood가 들어왔을때 Volume)     2) Myocardial Contractility     3) Afterload(Aorta로 Blood 내보내기 위해 LV가 생성해야 하는 Force)   2) Carbon Monoxide; 일산화탄소     CO 급성중독의 증상     혈액중 HbCO농도(%)  증상     0 - 10  증상없음     10 - 20 전두부 긴장감             경한 두통             피부혈관 확장     20 - 30 두통             측두부 맥동(Throbbing)     30 - 40 심한 두통             권태             현기             시력저하             구역/구토             허탈     40 - 50 호흡 & 맥박 증가             가사             허탈     50 - 60 호흡 & 맥박 증가             가사             혼수             경련             Cheyne-Stokes호흡     60 - 70 혼수             경련             심장박동 & 호흡이 약해지고 사망하기 쉽다.     70 - 80 호흡곤란으로 사망     측정법; Van Kampen법 CO2; Carbon Dioxide; 이산화탄소; 지구온난화 CoA; Coarctation of Aorta   ◉ Complications     1. Severe Hypertension     2. Cerebral Aneurysm & Hemorrhage     3. Rupture of Aorta     4. LV Failure     5. Infective Endocarditis     6. Paraplegia, Hemiplegia COD;   1) Choice Of Drug   2) Cause Of Death   3) Chemical O2 Demand; KMnO4 or K2Cr2O2등의 산화제에 의하여 수중에 유기물및 산화성 물질의 양을 나타내는데 사용(COD > BOD) COLD; Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease COM; Chronic Otitis Media COMT; Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase COPD; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 COWS; Cold Opposite, Warm Same CP; Central Pool Cp; Concentration of plasma; plasma의 농도 CP angle; Cerebello-Pontine angle CPA; Chest Postero-Anterior CPA tumor; Cerebello-Pontine Angle(소뇌교각부) tumor CPAP; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure CPB; Cardiopulmonary Bypass CPBA; Competitive Protein Binding Assay CPC; Clinico-Pathological Conference; 임상병리검토회 CPD; Cephalo-Pelvic Disproportion; 아두 골반 불균형 C-Peptide; Connecting Peptide CPH; Chronic Persistent Hepatitis CPIP; Chronic Pulmonary Insufficiency of Premature; 미숙아 만성 폐부전 CPK; Creatinine Phospho-Kinase   < 25(60)(200)(240) Unit   증가하는 경우   1. AMI; MB Fraction증가; 1일에 최고치, 2 - 3일 지나면 정상화 CPP; Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPPD; Calcium Pyro-Phosphate Dihydrate CPPV; Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation CPR; Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation CPS; Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase CPZ; Chloropromazine CR;   1) Complete Response   2) Close Reduction Cr; Chromium Cr, cr; creatinine C/R; Close Reduction CR Length; Crown to Rump Length CRAO; Central Retina Artery Occlusion CREG; Cross REactive Group (of HLA Antigens) CREST Syndrome;   1. Calcinosis cutis   2. Raynaud's phenomenon   3. Esophageal dysfunction   4. Sclerodactyly   5. Telangiectasia Syndrome CRF;   1) Chronic Renal Failure   2) Corticotropin-Releasing Factor CRH; Corticotropin Releasing Hormone CRL; Crown-Rump Length CRP; C-Reactive Protein; ≦ 0.06 mg/dL CRS; Chinese Restaurant Syndrome CRST Syndrome;   1. Calcinosis   2. Raynaud's Phenomenon   3. Sclerodactyly   4. Telangiectasia Syndrome CS, Cs;   1) Cycloserine   2) Cesarean Section CS2; 이황화탄소 C/S; Cesarean Section C-Section; Cesarean Section CSA;   1) Cell Surface Antigen   2) Central Sleep Apnea CSF;   1) Cerebro-Spinal Fluid; 뇌척수액   2) Colony Stimulating Factor CSF-1; Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor CSII; Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion CSM;   1) Carotid Sinus Massage   2) Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis; 뇌척수막염 CSR;   1) Cheyne-Stokes Respiration   2) Central Supply Room; 중앙공급실 CST; Contraction Stress Test CT;   1) Computed(Computer) Tomography(-gram); 컴퓨터 단층 촬영     = CAT   2) Cloting Time   3) Chronic Thyroiditis   4) Connective Tissue   5) Cholera Toxin CTCL; Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma CTD; Connective Tissue Disease CTH; Chronic Tension Headache CTL; Cytotaxic T Lymphocyte CTR; Cardio-Thoracic Ratio CTx; Chemotherapy CU; Clinical Unit cu; cubic; 입방의 CV;   1) Closing Volume   2) Cardio-Vascular; 심장혈관의 CVA;   1) Cardio-Vascular Accident(Attack)   2) Cerebro-Vascular Accident(Attack); 뇌졸증(중), 뇌혈관 손상     = CVD   3) Costo-Vertebral Angle CVB; Chorionic Villus Biopsy CVD;   1)  Cerebro-Vascular Disease; 심장 혈관병(증)     = CVA     = Stroke; 중풍, 뇌졸증   2) Cardio-Vascular Disease; 심장혈관병(증) CVH; Chronic Viral Hepatitis CVP; Central Venous Pressure CVS;   1) Cardio-Vascular System; 심장 혈관계   2) Chronic Villi Sampling; 융모막 채취 CWP; Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis   = Black Lung CWRS; Case Western Reserve University Cx;   1) Complication   2) Cervix(= Cervical); 경(頸) CXR; Chest X-Ray CZI; Crystalline Zinc Insulin D.; Diplococcus; 쌍구균(속)   D. gonorrhoeae; 임질쌍구균   D. intracellularis; 세포내(뇌막염)쌍구균   D. pneumoniae; 폐렴쌍구균, 페렴구균 DAF; Decay Accelerating Factor DAG; Di-Acyl-Gylcerol DAo; Descending Aorta DAP; Dialysis Associated Pericarditis DAP test; Draw-A-Person test; 인물화 검사 DASD; Direct Access Storage Device   = RAM dB; decibel; 음파의 전파 방향에 수직한 단위 면적을 단위시간에 통과하는 음의 에너지량 또는 음의 압력; 소리의 세기             P   = 20 log ꠏꠏꠏ            Po   P; 측정한 음압   Po; 기준 음압; 2 x 10-5 N/m2 DBH; Dopamine-Beta(β)-Hydroxylase DBP; Diastolic Blood Pressure DC;   1) Direct Current   2) Diffusion Capacity D & C; Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage; 소파술 D/C;   1) Dis-Charge   2) Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage   3) Dis-Continue; 중지 D/C/B; Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage & Biopsy DCH; Daily Chronic Headache DCS; De-Compression Sickness DDAVP; 1-Desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin   = Desmopression DDC; L-Dopa De-Carboxylase ddC; di-deoxy-Cytidine DDD; Degenerative Disc Disease ddI; di-deoxy-Inosine DDN NIC; DDS; 4,4'-Diamino-Diphenyl-Sulfone   = Dapsone DDST; Denver Developmental Screening Test; Denver 발달 평가 검사(발육 선별 검사) DDx; Differential Diagnosis DEA; Dual Energy Absorptiometry DEJ; Dermal-Epidermal Junction δ-ALA; δ-Amino-Levulinic Acid δ-ALAD; δ-Amino-Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Derm.; Dermatology DES; Di-Ethyl-Stilbestrol DEV; Duck Embryo Vaccine DFA; Direct Fluorescent Antibody DG; Diacyl-Glycerol DH;   1) Diffuse Histiocytic   2) DeHydrogenase DHE; Di-Hydro-Ergotamine DHEA; Di-Hydro-Epi-Androsterone DHEAS; Di-Hydro-Epi-Androsterone Sulfate DHF; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever DHFR; DiHydroFolate Reductase DHT; Di-Hydro-Testosterone DI;   1) Diabetes Insipidus   2) Discomfort Index; 불쾌 지수     = 0.72(ta + tw) + 40.6(섭씨로 표시시)     = 0.4(ta + tw) + 15(화씨로 표시시)     ꠑꠚta; 건구 온도     ꠗꠚtw; 습구 온도     ≧ 70; 다소 불쾌감     ≧ 75; 50 % 이상의 사람에서 불쾌감     ≧ 79; 100 % 에서 불쾌감     ≧ 80; 불쾌감이 아주 심하다. DIC; Disseminated(=Diffuse) Intravascular Coagulation syndrome; 파종성혈관내응고(播種性血管內凝固) 증후군   = Consumption Coagulopathy DICC; Diff.; Differential count; 백혈구 감별 계산   = diff. count diff. count; differential count; 백혈구 감별 계산   = Diff. dil.; dilue; dilute; 희석하다. DILD; Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease; 미만성 간질성 폐질환 DILS; Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome DIMS; Disorders of Initiating & Maintaining Sleep; 입면장애 및 수면 유지 장애; 불면증 DIP;   1) Drip Infusion Pyelography   2) Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia   3) Distal Inter-Phalangeal DIP joint; Distal Inter-Phalangeal joint DIS; Diagnostic Interview Schedule; 미국 NIMH 고안 DISC;   ; Supratentorial Lesion(brain lesion)시     ꠑꠚDestructive lesion --> Ipsilateral     ꠗꠚSeizure lesion --> Contralateral   ; Infratentorial Lesion(Pons Lesion)시는 반대로 DISH; Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis DIT; Diet Induced Thermogenesis   = Thermic Effect of Food   = Specific Dynamic Action DJD; Degenerative Joint Disease; 퇴행성 관절질환   = Degenerative Arthritis; 퇴행성 관절염   = Osteoarthritis(OA); 골관절염   = Osteoarthrosis; 골관절증 DKA; Diabetic Keto-Acidosis DL; Diffuse Lymphoblastic DLE; Discoid Lupus Erythematosus DM;   1) Diabetes Mellitus   2) Dermato-Myositis DMARDs; Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs DMD; Duchenne type Muscular Dystrophy; 악성형 Duchenne형 근이영양증 DMH; Daily Mixed Headache DMLH; Diffuse Mixed Lymphocytic Histiocytic DMPEA; 3,4-Di-Methoxy-Phenyl-Ethyl-Amine DMT; Di-Methyl-Triptamine DNA; Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid DNCB; Di-Nitro-Chloro-Benzene DNS; Domain Name System DO; Dissolved Oxygen; 용존산소   ; 수중 DO는 오염 판정의 기본이 되는 지표   1. 온도 ꀶ ➡ DO ꀶ   2. BOD, COD ꀶ ➡ DO ꀵ   오염된 수중에서는 소비되는 O2량이 많으므로 물이 깨끗할수록 그 온도에서의 포화량에 가깝게 함유된다. DOA; Death(Dead) On Arrival; 도착시 사망함; 응급실에 도착했을 당시에 이미 사망한 상태에 있는 경우 DOC;   1) Drug Of Choice   2) Diagnosis Of Choice   3) De-Oxy-Cortisterone DOCA; De-Oxy-Corticosterone Acetate DOE; Dyspnea On Exercise DOES; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; 과다 수면 장애 DOLV; Double Outlet Left Ventricle DOM; Dimeth-Oxy-Methyl amphetamine DOPA; 3,4-Dihydr-Oxy-Phenyl-Alanine DORV; Double Outlet Right Ventricle Doz; Dozens; 1다스, 1타(打), 12개 DP; Driving Pressure DPA; Dual Photon Absorptiometry DPC; Distal Palmar Crease DPCC; Di-Palmitoyl Phosphatidyl Choline DPDL; Diffuse Poorly Differentiated Lymphocytic DPG; Di-Phospho-Glycerate    = 2,3-DPG DPL; Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage DPN; DiPhosphopyridine Nucleotide DPT; Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus; 디프테리아, 백일해, 파상풍 DPX; Dual Photon X-Ray Dr.; Doctor; 의사 DRG; Dorsal Root Ganglia DS;   1) Dead Space   2) Dehydroisoandrosterone Sulfate DSA; Digital Subtraction Angiography      = DVI DSIP; Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide DSM; Diagnostic & Statistical Manual DSS;   1) Double Simultaneous Stimulation   2) Dengue Shock Syndrome DST;   1) Donor Specific Transfusion   2) Dexamethasone Suppression Test DT;   1) Delirium Tremens   2) Diphtheria, Tetanus; 디프테리아, 파상풍 혼합 백신 d/t; associated with D3; Disialoganglioside DTIC; Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide   ; Alkylating Agent DTP; Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis 디프테리아, 파상풍, 백일해 혼합 백신 DTPA; Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid DTR; Deep Tendon Reflex   *** Deep Tendon Reflex(DTR)의 Center ***   1. 하악 반사; Jaw Jerk            뇌교; Pons   2. 이두건 반사; Biceps Jerk       C5-6   3. Supinator Jerk                 C5-6   4. 삼두건 반사; Triceps Jerk      C6-8   5. Abdominal Jerk                T5-12   6. Cremasteric Jerk               L1-2   7. 슬부건 반사; Knee Jerk         L2-4   8. 족관절건 반사; Ankle Jerk      S1-2 DUB; Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding DUL; Diffuse Undifferentiated Lymphoblastic DVI; Digital Vascular Imaging      = DSA DVT; Deep Vein Thrombosis DW, D.W.; Distilled Water; 증류수 D/W; Dextrose in Water DWDL; Diffuse Well Differentiated Lymphocytic Dx; Diagnosis; 진단 Dz; Dozens; 1다스, 1타(打), 12개 E;   1) Expiration   2) Electrolyte E.; Escherichia   E. Coli; Escherichia Coli; 대장균 E1; Estrone; 폐경후 주된 Estrogen E2; Estradiole; 폐경전 주된 Estrogen E3; Estriol; 임신시 주된 Estrogen   가임기 여성; E3/(E1 + E2) = 1   임신시 여성; E3/(E1 + E2) = 10 EA;   1) Esophageal Atresia   Types   1. Esophageal Atresia with Distal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; C; 85 %; mc   2. Esophageal Atresia without Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; A; 8 %   3. Isolated Tracheoesophaseal Fistula(H-Type); E; 4 %   4. Esophageal Atresia with Proximal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; B; 1 %   5. Esophageal Atresia with Proximal & Distal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; D; 2 %   2) Early Antigen EACA; Epsillon(ε)-AminoCaproic Acid EAE; Early Asthmatic Effect EAEC; Entero-Adherent Escherichia Coli EBNA; Epstain-Barr Nuclear Antigen EBV; Epstein-Barr Virus EC; Extra-Cranial ECA; External Carotid Artery ECC; Endo-Cervical Curettage ECCE; Extra-Capsular Cataract Extraction ECD; Endocardial Cushion Defect ECF;   1) Eosinophilic Chemotatic Factors   2) Extra-Cellular Fluid; 세포 외액 ECG; Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도    = EKG   1. Conducting System Structures     1) SA Node(SAN; 동(방)결절); Pacemaker       1> RA 의 Posterior Wall or Superior Wall       2> 가늘고 긴 계란 모양       3> 방실결절(AVN)보다 크다.     2) Internodal Tracts(결절간 전도로) (P 74)       1> Anterior Internodal Tract; Bachmann's Bundle       2> Middle Internodal Tract(= Wenckebach's Bundle)       3> Posterior Internodal Tract(= Thorel's Pathway)     3) AV Node(AVN; 방실결절)       1> 전도 속도; 200 mm/sec = 0.2 m/sec       2> 0.1 sec Delay       3> 계란형       4> 동방결절 절반 이하의 크기       5> 심방 중격 우측에 위치     4) Atrioventricular Tract     5) AV Bundle(방실속)(= Bundle of His)     6) Bundle Branch       1> Right Bundle Branch       2> Left Bundle Branch         i) Anterior Branch; Posterior Branch에 비해서 길고 가늘며 Left Ventricle의 전방, 상방으로 흥분을 전달         ii) Posterior Branch; 짧고 굵은 가지, Left Ventricle의 후, 하방으로 흥분을 전달     7) Purkinje Fiber; 전도 속도; 4,000 mm/sec = 4 m/sec     @ 전도 속도       Atrium(심방근); 1,000 mm/sec = 1 m/sec       Ventricle(심실근); 400 mm/sec = 0.4 m/sec   2. Blood Supply System Structures     1) Right Coronary Artery(RCA); ꀹ Right Cusp of Aortic Valve       1> SA node       2> AV node       3> Bundle of His       4> Posterior Wall of Left Ventricle       5> Right Ventricle       6> Posterior Division of Left Bundle Branch     2) Left Coronary Artery(LCA); ꀹ Left Cusp of Aortic Valve       1> Right Bundle Branch       2> Anterior Division of Left Bundle Branch       3> Anterior Descending Branch       4>   3. Components   @ Segment(분절); Baseline(기선)부   @ Interval(간격); Wave(파) 까지 포함     1) P Wave; Atrial Hypertrophy 를 Check       1> Atrial Depolarization, Atrial Contraction       2> Lead II; The Tallest P Wave           Lead III, AVL; The Smallest P Wave           AVR; Inverted P Wave       3> Normal;         Height ≤ 2.4 mm         Duration ≤ 0.11 sec     2) PP Interval; P Wave ~ P Wave; 심방 박동수     3) F Wave; Flutter Wave     4) PR Interval; AV Block을 진단       1> P Wave 의 시작 ~ QRS Complex 의 시작       2> 심방 흥분에서부터 Purkinje Fiber에 흥분파가 도달할때까지의 시간           심방의 탈분극과 방실전도에 걸리는 시간       3> Normal; 0.12 - 0.20 sec       4> Abnormal         < 0.12 sec; 심방전도촉진         > 0.20 sec; 1o AV Block     5) 심실흥분시간(VDT)       1> QRS Complex 개시 ~ R Wave 꼭지점까지       2> 탈분극파가 심장의 안쪽(심내막)에서 바깥쪽(심외막)까지 전달되는데 걸리는 시간     6) QRS Complex; Bundle Branch Block을 진단     ; Ventricular Depolarization, Ventricular Contraction     ; Axis 결정     ; Normal; 0.04 - 0.11 sec       1> Q Wave; R Wave의 앞에 있는 음성파       ; Normal 로는 거의 없다(예외, AVR)         i) Insignificant Q Wave; small Q Wave in I, II, V5,6         ii) Significant Q Wave           Wide ≥ 1 mm(0.04 sec) or           Height ≥ 1/3 of QRS Complex           Myocardial Infarction       2> R Wave; 양성파       3> S Wave; R Wave에 잇달아 있는 음성파       4> Ta Wave         i) Atrial Repolarization         ii) P Wave 와는 반대 방향         iii) QRS Complex와 일치되어 거의 볼수 없다.       4> QS Wave       5> QR Wave       6> RS Wave       7> RSR'S' Wave     7) RR Interval; 심실박동수     8) QT Interval       1> QRS Complex 의 시작 ~ T Wave 끝까지       2> 심실의 탈분극과 재분극을 모두 포함하는 시간     9) J Point     10) ST Segment; QRS Complex의 끝 ~ T Wave의 시작점     @ ST Segment Depression       1> Digitalis Intoxication       2> Positive Master's Test; 관상동맥질환이 의심되는 환자가 운동하는 것       3> Anterior Wall Subendocardial Infarction       4> Unstable Angina 에 Pain이 있을 시; No Pain시는 ST Segment Normal       5> Acute Posterior Wall Infarction     11) T Wave; Ventricular Repolarization     12) U Wave       1> Ventricle 의 지연 Repolarization       2> T Wave 뒤에       3> T Wave 와 같은 방향       4> 보이는 경우; Hypokalemia, Quinidine   4. Leads     1) Limb Leads; Frontal Plane; Axis 결정     @ Standard Lead; Bipolar Lead       1> Lead I; RA(-) LA(+); Axis Deviation       2> Lead II; RA(-) LF(+)       3> Lead III; LA(-) LF(+)     @ Augmented Lead; Unipolar Lead       4> AVR; RA(+) LA, LF, RF(-); Normal Inverted T Wave, Normal Large Q Wave; Lead II와 반대       5> AVL; LA(+) RA, LF, RF(-)       6> AVF; LF(+) RA, LA, RF(-); Axis Deviation     2) Chest Leads(= Precordial Lead); Horizontal Plane; Unipolar Lead     * 우측 흉부 유도(Right Chest Leads); Right BBB Check; Right Ventricle 위에       1> V1; 4th Intercostal Space, Right Sternal Border; Hypertrophy       2> V2; 4th Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border; AV Node 의 Front     * 심실중격위에 위치(Septal Lead; 중격유도); Interventricular Septum위에     ; Transitional Zone(이행부위); QRS Complex 에서 R Wave와 S Wave의 높이가 같아지는 곳       3> V3; Between V2 & V4       4> V4; 5th Intercostal Space, Left Midcalvicular Line     * 좌측 흉부 유도(Left Chest Leads); Left BBB; Left Ventricle위에 놓인다.       5> V5; 5th Intercostal Space, Anterior Axillary Line       6> V6; 5th Intercostal Space, Middle Axillary Line   @ Einthoven's Triangle     RA - LA - LF   @ Einthoven's Law; QRS Complex의 상하 진폭의 합     Lead II = Lead I + Lead III   5. Rates; Normal; 80/min     1) Pacemakers       1> SA Node       2> Ectopic(= Potential) Pacemaker; Inherent Rates         i) Atrial(= Idioatrial); 75/min         ii) AV node(= Idionodal); 60/min; P Wave가 없다.         iii) Ventricular(= Idioventricular); 30 - 40/min     2) Emergency Rates; 150 - 250/min     3) Sinus Tachycardia; > 100/min, Regular Rhythm     4) Sinus Bradycardia; < 60/min, Regular Rhythm     5) 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50        250, 136,  94, 71        214, 125,  88, 68        187, 115,  83, 65        167, 107,  79, 62     6) 3 Second Marks; x 20        6 Second Strips; x 10   6. Rhythm     1) Arrhythmia(Varying Rhythm)       1> Sinus Arrhythmia         i) 관상동맥질환에 의해서           Coronary Artery Disease           Sick Sinus node Disease         ii) Pacemaker; SA node         iii) Varying rhythm         iv) P Waves Identical; 모든 P Wave는 동일       2> Wandering Pacemaker         i) Varying rhythm         ii) P Wave Shape Changes     2) Extra Beats & Skips       1> Premature Beats; 기외수축         = Premature Contractions(조기수축)         = Extrasystoles         = Ectopic Beats         = Ectopic Contractions(이소성수축)       ; Ectopic Pacemaker에서 발생되어 심방주기보다 조기에 일어나는 심장수축         i) Atrial Premature; Abnormal P Waves         * 진단 기준           심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.           P Wave 가 동성 P Wave와는 다르다.           Normal QRS Complex         ii) Nodal Premature Contractions         * 진단 기준           심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.           정상 PR Interval보다 짧은 PR Interval을 가진 P Wave가 QRS Complex앞에 온다.           or Inverted P Wave           Normal QRS Complex         ꠆ꠏSAN         ꠌꠏAVN         iii) Ventricular Premature(= Paroxysmal Ventricular Contractions(PVC))           Wide QRS Complex           Large QRS Complex           following Compensatory Pause           1 or 2 이상의 normal Beats와 coupled             e.g) Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigeminy 등등 [P 94]           대개 정상 T Wave 다음에 생긴다. T Wave와 겹친다면 굉장히 불안정한 순간이며 위험한 부정맥이 유발될수도 있다.         * 진단 기준           심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.           No Ectopic P Wave           Wide(≥ 0.12 sec) QRS Complex         iv) Parasystole       2> Escape Beats(보충수축); Ectopic Pacemaker에서 발생되어 심방주기보다 늦게 나타나는 수축         i) Atrial Escape; P Wave 모양이 다르다.         ii) AV nodal(= Junctional, Idionodal) Escape         ; 6개 이상의 연속되는 40 - 60/min         * 원인           동성 자극이 일어나지 않거나           자극 전도 차단이 있어서 동성 자극이 전달되지 않는 경우         * 진단 기준           정상심장주기보다 늦게 나타난다.           정상 QRS Complex           No P Wave Response or Inverted P Wave가 QRS Complex에 앞서거나 뒤서거나 또는 그렇지 않거나 동성 P Wave가 선행하는 경우 PR Interval이 짧아진다.         * Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm         ; 6개 이상 연속으로 일어나는 40 - 100/min의 심실성기외수축         iii) Ventricular Escape Rhythm         ; 6개 이상의 연속되는 ≤ 40/min의 심실성보충수축           PVC type Ventricular Response         * 진단 기준           정상심장주기보다 늦게 나타난다.           No Ectopic P Wave           Wide QRS Complex           ≤ 40/min         iv) Escape Rhythm;       3> Sinus Arrest       4> Sinus Exit Block         i) Bradycardia         ii) No P Waves         iii) Tx; Permanent Artificial Pacemaker     3) Rapid Rhythm       1> (Paroxysmal) Tachycardia; 150 - 250/min         i) Sinus Tachycardia           원인; 흥분, 운동, 자극제(Stimulating Drug), Shock         ii) (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia(= PAT); 6개 이상의 APCs가 140 - 220/min로 일어나는 경우         * 진단 기준           최초의 자극은 조기에 일어난다.           이소성 P Wave는 동성 P Wave와 다르다.           Normal QRS Complex           Regular PR Interval           Ventricular rate; 140 - 220/min         @ (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia with Block; Atrial Tachycardia가 ≤ 180/min가 되면 심방흥분이 모두 AVN과 Ventricle에 전달되나 그 이상이 되는 경우 선행하는 흥분에 의해 방실결절이 불응기가 되어 Ectopic P Wave가 AVN을 지나지 못하는 경우           ; 6개 이상이 일련의 APCs           원인; Digitalis 중독시           P Wave Small, Spiked & Up in Lead II & III           ST Segment Isoelectric           각 QRS Complex에 대해 하나 이상의 P Wave         @ Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia(Chaotic Atrial Rhythm)         ; Atria에 2개 이상의 Ectopic Pacemaker           Rate; 100 - 200/min           Abnormal P Wave         * 진단 기준           조기에 Multiple Ectopic P Wave           Irregular PR Interval           Blocked P Wave           Normal QRS Complex           Atrial Rate; 100 - 200/min         iii) (Paroxysmal) Nodal(= Junctional) Tachycardia(= PNT)         @ Junctional Tachycardia         ; 6개 이상의 접합부성기외수축이 빠르게 연속되어 일어나는 경우           Rate; 60 - 160/min         * 진단 기준           Inverted P Wave가 QRS Complex에 선행되거나 그 직후에 일어나거나 또는 No P Wave           Normal QRS Complex           Rate; 60 - 160/min         @ Junctional Accelerated Tachycardia; Rate; 160 - 220/min         iv) (Paroxysmal) Ventricular Tachycardia; 4(or 6)개 이상의 일련의 PVC           coronary artery disease 시에           DDx; Bundle Branch Block + Supraventricular Tachycardia         * 진단 기준           최초 심박은 초기에 일어난다.           No Ectopic P Wave           Wide QRS Complex           Rate; 100 - 250/min         v) Supraventricular Tachycardia            PAT & PNT       2> Flutter       @ Atrial Flutter(심방조동)         i) Single Ectopic Atrial Focus         ii) 250 - 300/min or 220 - 350/min         iii) 꺼꾸로 돌려보면 더욱 전형적인 모양이 된다         iv) F Wave(Flutter Wave; 조동파); Saw-Tooth Baseline         v) Varying Rhythm         vi) No real P Waves but,            Multiple Ectopic Atrial Spikes         vii) 진단 기준           F Wave; 220 - 350/min           심실의 반응             전도율이 일정한 경우; Regular             전도율이 변화하는 경우; Irregular           Normal QRS Complex       @ Ventricular Flutter         i) 200 - 300/min or 150 - 300/min         ii) Smooth Sine Curve; QRS Complex         iii) 진단 기준           No Atrial Response; No P Wave           No ST Segment, No T Wave           Rate; 150 - 300/min       3> Fibrillation       @ Atrial Fibrillation         i) Multiple Ectopic Atrial Foci         ii) f Wave(서동파); 너무 빨라 측정이 곤란하다.         ꠆ꠏ거친 것         ꠌꠏ가느다란 것         iii) Rate; 350 - 650/min         iv) 진단 기준           f Wave; 350 - 650/min           심실의 흥분; Irregular, Irregular PR Interval           Normal QRS Complex       @ Ventricular Fibrillation         i) 체순환으로의 혈액 구축이 불가능하다; 제일 응급 상태         ii) Multiple Ectopic Ventricular Foci         iii) 진단 기준           No Atrial Response; No P Wave           No QRS Complex           Irregular Rhythm; 150 - 500/min     4) Heart Blocks       1> SA Block; Block 이전과 이후의 P Wave가 동일하다.         i) 2o Degree Wenckebach Type         * 진단 기준           Progressively Shorter PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex           심실휴지기는 PR Interval의 2배 이하           심실휴지기에는 P-QRS-T Wave가 없을 것         ii) 2o Mobitz Type         * 진단 기준           Regular PP Interval           심실휴지기는 PR Interval의 2배 또는 그 이상의 정수배           심실휴지기에는 P-QRS-T Wave가 없을 것       2> AV Block         PR Interval이 길어진다. > 0.2 sec         i) First Degree(1o) AV Block           PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec           Normal P-QRS-T wave Sequence         ii) Second Degree(2o) AV Block           2 : 1 AV Block; QRS Complex 이전에 2개의 P Wave           3 : 1 AV Block;  QRS Complex 이전에 3개의 P Wave         @ High Grade AV Block         ; 2개 이상의 연속적인 P Wave가 심실로 전달되지 않을 때         * 진단 기준           Regualr PR Interval           심실로 전달되지 않는 2개 이상의 연속적인 P Wave           심방세동 또는 조동이 있을때에는 오랜 휴지기간을 보이는 것         @ Wenckebach Type(Mobitz Type I)         * 진단기준           Progressively Longer PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex           Progressively Shorter RR Interval & Absent QRS Complex           Regular PP Interval         @  Mobitz Type II         * 진단 기준           Regular PR Interval &           Sometimes Absent QRS Complex         iii) Third Degree(3o)(Complete) AV Block(= AV Dissociation)(Mobitz Type III)         ; P Wave가 QRS Complex가 별개로 작용한다.(연관성이 없다.)         * 진단 기준           No Relationship P Wave with QRS Complex           Atrium과 Ventricle사이에 전도가 없다.           Atrium; Sinus or Supraventricular Rhythm           Ventricle; Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm           Atrial Fibrillation이 있으면 Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm때문에 심실박동수가 일정하게 느껴진다.         @ Stokes-Adams Syndrome; 3rd Degree(3o) AV Block 에서 심실의 수축이 너무 느려서 뇌로가는 혈액의 유량이 감소하여 의식을 잃게되는 경우       3> Bundle Branch Block; 존재시에는 QRS Vector 와 Ventricular Hypertrophy를 진단할수 없다.         Wide QRS Complex(사지유도에서) ≥ 0.12 sec         R-R' Configuration(좌우흉부유도에서)         i) Right Bundle Branch Block(RBBB); Lead I, V1-2           RVH를 진단할수 없다.           Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec           Inverted T Wave           ST Segment Depression           V1,2; RsR'           Lead I; QRS Complex, Large S Wave         ii) Left Bundle Branch Block(LBBB); Lead I, aVL, V1, V5, V6           LVH를 진단할수 없다.           Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec           Inverted T Wave           ST Segment Depression           V5,6; RR'; EKG 상에서 Infarction을 정확히 진단할수 없다.           Lead I, aVL, V5-6; No Normal Septal Q Wave           V1; qrS Wave     @ Hemiblock; Left Bundle Branch의 Anterior or Posterior Division 의 Block       1) Anterior Hemoblock         Anterior Division of Left BB 의 block         1/2 of Anterior Infarction         i) LAD; < -40o; without Inferior Wall Infarction         ii) slighted Widened QRS Complex; 0.1 - 0.12 sec         iii) Q1S3; Lead I; Q Wave                  Lead III; Wide Deep S Wave         iv) with LVH; aVL; Large R Wave ≥ 16 mm       2) Posterior Hemiblock         i) RAD; > 120o; without RVH         ii) Normal or Slightly Widened QRS Complex         iii) S1Q3; Lead I; Wide S Wave                   Lead III; Q Wave       3) Bifascicular Blocks         i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock           LAD < - 40o           Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec           Lead I; Wide S Wave           V1; Positive QRS Complex         ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock           RAD ≥ 120o           Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec           Lead I; Wide S Wave           V1; Positive QRS Complex         iii) RBBB or LBBB & 1o AV block(PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec)           RBBB + PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec             Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec             Lead I; Wide S Wave             V1; Positive QRS Complex           LBBB + PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec             Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec             No Septal Q Wave; Lead I, aVL, V5-6             V1; Negative QRS Complex         iv) Alternating RBBB or variable LBBB;           Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB)       4) Intermittent Blocks; with at least one normal, non-blocked fascicle         i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Posterior Hemiblock         ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Anterior Hemiblock         iii) Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB) + Intermittent RBBB         iv) RBBB + Intermittent LBBB       Intermittent Blocks of one fascicle; continuous EKG pattern of normal with intermittent signs of block       Intermittent Blocks of two fascicles; intermittent EKG signs of both blocks       Intermittent Blocks; one intermittent + one permanant Block; continous EKG pattern of one block & intermittent signs of another Block       5) Mobitz II; Ventricular non-conduction       4> Aberrant Conduction; 변형 QRS Complex       ; 두 심실 사이에 불응기의 차이가 있어서 약간의 전도 지연이 있는 경우       Wide QRS Complex         i) 원인           선행자극직후의 APCs or JPCs           Aschman Phenomenon; Atrial Fibrillation시에           ; Long RR Interval후 Short RR Interval이후의 변형 QRS Complex         ii) 진단 기준           APCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Ectopic P Wave가 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex에 선행           JPCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Inverted P Wave가 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex직전 또는 직후에           Atrial Fibrillation with with Aberrant Conduction; Long RR Interval후 Short RR Interval이후의 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex       @ Critical Rate; 어떤 특정한 빠른 속도에 도달했을 때만 각 블럭이 생기는 경우       @ Incomplete BBB         Normal QRS Complex         R-R' Configuration       @ Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW) Syndrome         Accessory Pathway(Bundle of Kent)         Delta Wave         ꠆ꠏPositive         ꠌꠏNegative         ; Accessory Pathway 에 의해 심실을 자극하는데 걸리는 정상적 지연이 짧아져 유발된 Premature Ventricular Depolarization(조기 심실 탈분극)         * 진단 기준           Short PR Interval           Wide Irregular QRS Complex           Delta Wave           Sometimes Supraventricular Tachycardia   7. Axis     1) Vector       Left Ventricle > Right Ventricle       Septum; Left > Right     2) Mean QRS Complex Vector       기시부; AV node       Downward & to Left & Posterior       Normal Range; 0 - +90o, 0 - +110o       Ventricle Hypertrophy; 같은 방향으로 Deviation       Cardiac Infarction; 반대 방향으로 Deviation     3) Right Axis Deviation(RAD); +110o - ± 180o       URQ + ULQ       Lead I; QRS Complex Negative       * RAD의 원인         1) 마른 체형         2) 우심실 비대         3) 폐질환     4) Extreme Right Axis Deviation; URQ     5) Left Axis Deviation(LAD); - 30o - - 90o       ULQ       1> Lead I       2> AVF       * LAD의 원인         1) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy         2) Horizontal Heart         3) Inferior Infarction         4) Anterior Hemiblock         5) Anterior Hemiblock + RBBB   8. Hypertrophy     1) Atrial Hypertrophy       원인; Mitral Stenosis       V1; Diphasic P Wave       1> Right Atrial Hypertrophy;         V1 P Wave의 Large Initial Component         Lead II; P Wave Height ≥ 2.5 mm       2> Left Atrial Hypertrophy; V1 P Wave의 Large Terminal Component, Depth ≥       3> Both Atrial Hypertrophy; RAH + LAH     2) Ventricular Hypertrophy       1> Right Ventricular Hypertrophy         i) V1; Large R Wave & small S Wave         ii) RAD         iii) V6; Deep S Wave         iv) V1 R Wave + V6 S Wave ≥ 11 mm         vi) Right Chest Lead           ST Segment Depression           Asymmetric Inverted T wave       2> Left Ventricular Hypertrophy         i) Large QRS Complex         ii) LAD         iii) V1; Large S Wave + V5; Large R Wave ≥ 35 mm         iv) I, aVL, V5-6; Large R Wave            V1-2; Large S Wave         vi) V5 or V6 R Wave ≥ 27 mm         vii) aVL R Wave ≥ 11 mm         v) Left Chest Leads(V5,6); 원인 불명           Inverted Asymmetric T Wave(Long Gradual, Rapid)           ST Segment Depression       3> Both Ventricular Hypertrophy   9. Infarction     @ 3‘I’s or Triad of Acute Myocardial Infarction(급성 심근 경색)     1) Ischemia; 허혈; Reversible       1> Inverted Symmetric T Wave; 1st       2> ST Segment Depression     2) Injury; 손상; Reversible       1> ST Segment Elevation; 2nd; means Acute or Recent       2> ST Segment Normal; Chronic     3) Infarction; 경색; Q Wave; 3rd       Abnormal Q Wave         1> Width ≥ 0.04 sec         2> Height ≥ 1/3 of R Wave       Septal Q Wave; Normal         Lead I, aVL, V5-6     @ Pericarditis       ST Segment Elevation       T Wave; Normal     @ Ventricular Aneurysm       ST Segment Elevation(Irreversible)     @ Types of Infarction       1> Anterior Wall Infarction; LCA의 AD Branch         i) V1-4 or V2-6; Q Wave         ii) Acute; V1-2; Q Wave or ST Segment Elevation       * Anterior Wall Septal Infarction         V1,2에만; Q Wave or         V1-2; poor R Wave Progression       2> Lateral Wall Infarction; Left Coronary Artery 의 Circumflex Branch         I, AVL, V5-6; Q Wave       3> Inferior(= Diaphragmatic) Wall Infarction         II, III, AVF; Q Wave       4> Posterior Wall Infarction; Anterior Wall Infarction 과는 정확히 반대가 된다.         V2-4R; Q Wave         Acute; V1-3; ST Segment Depression                      Large R Wave                V6; Q Wave                Arrhythmia잘 동반; Dangerous       5> Right Ventricle         V1,2; Q Wave   10. Miscellaneous     1) Pulmonary Disease       1> Emphysema         i) Low Voltage         ii) RAD       2> Pulmonary Infarction         i) Lead I; Large S Wave         ii) Lead II; ST Segment Depression         iii) Lead III; Large Q Wave         iv) V1-4; Inverted T Wave         v) Transient RBBB       3> S1Q3 Syndrome; Pulmonary Infarction 의 결과로 오는 급성 폐성심(Acute Cor Pulmonale)         i) Lead I; Large S Wave         ii) Lead III; Q Wave     2) Electrolytes Disturbances; ST Segment Abnormality       1> Potassium(K+)         i) Hyperkalemia         Moderate           Wide Flat P Wave           Wide QRS Complex           Peaked T Wave         Extreme           No P Wave           Widened QRS Complex         ii) Hypokalemia; ST Segmrnt Depression         Moderate           Flat T Wave           U Wave         Extreme           Inverted T Wave           Prominent U Wave       2> Calcium(Ca2+)         i) Hypercalcemia;           Short ST Segment           Short QT Interval         ii) Hypocalcemia;           Widened ST Segment           Prolonged QT Interval     3) Patterns       1> Ventricular Strain         Waxy Depressed ST Segment; 위로 커브를 그리며 ST 분절 중간에서 점점 위로 굽어진다.         i) Right Ventricular Strain         ii) Left Ventricular Strain       2> Artificial Pacemaker; Electrical Spikes직후에 Ventricular Response         i) Transverse Pacemaker(= Right Ventricular Pacemaker); 가장 널리 사용           All have LBBB pattern QRS           If LAD; Pacemaker in Apex of Right Ventricle; 가장 이상적인 위치           If Normal Axis; Pacemaker in Right Ventricular Mid-Outflow Tract           If RAD; Pacemaker in Right Ventricle, below pulmonic Valves         ii) Epicardiac Pacemaker(= Left Ventricular Pacemaker)           RBBB 형태의 QRS           RAD         iii) Demand Pacemaker         iv) Atrial Pacemaker         v) P Wave Triggered Pacemaker(= Atrial Synchronous Pacemaker)         vi) Sequential AV Pacemaker       3> Subendocardial Infarction; Flat ST Segment Depression       4> Pericarditis         i) QRS Complex의 합이 음성을 보이는 유도(대개 우측흉부유도)           Flat or Concave Elevated ST Segment ➡ Inverted T Wave         ii) QRS Complex의 합이 양성을 보이는 유도(유도 I, II 등)           Elevated ST Segment & T Wave Off Baseline       5> Early Repolarization; Normal Variant         i) Left Chest Lead; V4-6         ii) Elevated ST Segment       6> Dextrocardia; Lead I, aVR, V1-6         i) Lead I; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Negative         ii) V1; Highest R Wave            V6; Smallest R Wave         iii) aVR; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Positive       7> Pediatric ECG; 대략 1년후 성인 ECG와 유사하게 된다.         i) RVH         ii) RAD         iii) V1-3; Inverted T Wave     4) Drugs       1> Digitalis; Lead I, V5-6         i) Excess Digitalis; Hypokalemia에 의해 Exaggerated 된다.           SA Block           PAT with Block           AV Block           Tachycardia with AV Dissociation           Scooping(국자모양) ST Segment           Flat or Inverted T Wave         ii) Digitalis Toxicity           PVC           Bigeminy, Trigeminy etc           Ventricular Tachycardia           Ventricular Fibrillation       2> Quinidine; 심근으로 통하는 전기전도(Electrical Conduction)를 느리게 함         심실의 재분극 시간이 길어진다.         i) Quinidine Effects           Wide, Notched P Wave           Wide QRS Complex           ST Depression           Wide QT Interval           U Wave         ii) Quinidine Toxicity; Roller Coaster Patterns *** 참고 도서 *** 1. 심전도(心電圖) 속성판독법 Rapid Interpretation of EKG's    한국심장질환연구소 편  도서출판 고려의학 2. 심전도해설    김 형묵(金炯黙) 역(譯)  도서출판 고려의학 EC-IC bypass; Extra-Cranial Intra-Cranial bypass ECLE; Extra-Capsular Lens Extraction ECMO; Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation ECOG; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ECT(?); Electro-Convulsive Therapy; 전기 경련 요법   = EST ED & C; Electro-Desiccation & Curettage EDC; Estimated Day of Confinement; 출산(분만) 예정일 EDH; Epidural Hematoma; 경뇌막상혈종 EDRF; Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor EDS; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome EDTA; Ethylene Diamino(Diamine)-Tetraacetic Acid EDV; End Diastolic Volume EED; Erythema Elevatum Diutinum EEG; Electro-Encephalo-Graphy(-Gram); 뇌전도, 뇌파 검사 EF; Edema Factor EF study;         LVEDV - LVESV   EF = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ              LVEDV EF study; Ejection-Fraction study E. Fetalis; Erythroblastosis Fetalis EGC; Early Gastric Cancer EGD; Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy EGJ; Esophago-Gastric Junction EHBF; Estimated Hepatic Blood Flow; 추정간혈류량(推定肝血流量) EHEC; Entero-Hemorrhagic Escherichia Coli EHDP; Ethane-1-Hydroxyl-1,1-Di-Phosphonate EHL; Electro-Hydrauric Lithotripsy EIA;   1) Exercise Induced Asthma; 운동 유발성 천식   = EIB   2) Enzyme Immuno-Assay EIB; Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction; 운동 유발성 기관지 수축    = EIA EIEC; Entero-Invasive Escherichia Coli EKC; Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis EKG; Electro-cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도   = ECG ELISA; Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay; 효소 면역법 ELT; Euglobulin Lysis Time EM;   1) Erythro-Mycin   2) Electron Microscopy Em;   1) Erythro-mycin   2) Emmetropia(Normal Vision) EMA-CO; Etoposide, MTX, Actinomycin-D, Vincristine, Cyclophosphomide, Folic Acid EMB; Ethambutol EMB Agar; Eosin Methylene Blue Agar EMD; Electro-Mechanical Dissociation EMG; Electro-Myo-Graphy; 근전도 EMID; Extra-Medullary Intra-Dural EM Pathway; Embden Meyerhof Pathway EN; Erythema Nodosum ENKAF; Epidermal-derived NK cell-Activating Factor ENG; Electro-Nystagmo-Graphy ENL; Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ENT; Ear, Nose & Throat; 이비인후과 EOAE; Evoked Oto-Acoustic Emission test EOG; Electro-Oculo-Gram EPB; Extensor Pollisis Brevis EPBF; Effective Pulmonary Blood Flow EPEC; Entero-Pathogenic Escherichia Coli EPF; Esophago-Pleural Fistula EPP; Erythropoietic Proto-Porphyria EPS;   1) Extra-Pyramidal Syndrome   2) Electro-Physiological Study EPSP; Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential; 흥분성 시냅스후 전위 ER;   1) Emergency Room; 응급실   2) Estrogen Receptor ERBD; Endoscopic Retrograde Bile(Biliary) Drainage ERBSE; Endoscopic Retrograde Balloon Stone Extraction ERCP; Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography(-gram) ERG; Electro-Retino-Gram ERPF; Effective Renal Plasma Flow; 유효신혈류량 ERV; Expiratory Reserve Volume ESP; Extra-Sensory Perception ESR; Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; 0 - 30 mm/Hr(영아) ESRD; End Stage Renal Disease EST(?); Electric(Electro-) Shock Theraphy; 전기 충격치료   = ECT ESWL; Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy   ◉ Ix for Gall Stone     1. < 4개, Φ < 3 cm     2. No Pigment on Calcified Stones     3. OCG상 GB Visualization     4. Stone이 US상 Early Observation   ◉ CIx for Gall Stone     1. recent Acute Cholecystitis     2. Cholangitis ET;   1) Essential Thrombocytosis   2) Embryo Transfer ETAF; Epidermal cell derived Thymocyte Activating Factor ETEC; Entero-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli ETF; Eustachian Tube Function EU; Endoscopic Ultrasonography EUA; Examination Under Anesthesia E-W nucleus; Edinger-Westphal nucleus F; Fahrenheit; 화씨 F wave; Flutter wave FA;   1) Fatty Acid   2) Fluorescent Antibodies; 형광 항체 FAB classification; French, American, British classification FAC; Familial Amyloid Cardiomyopathy FAD; Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide FAM; 5-FU, Adriamycin, Mitomycin-C FAP; Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy FB; Foreign Body FBG; Fasting Blood Glucose FBS; Fasting Blood Sugar; 공복시 혈당 FBSS; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome FC;   1) FluCytosine   2) Finger Count FCPD; Fibro-Calculous Pancreatic Disease FDA; Food & Drug Administration FDCs; Follicular Dendritic Cells FDI; Fέdέration Dentaire Internationale   = International Dental Association FDIU;  FDP(s);   1) Fibrinolytic split Products(= FSP)   2) Fibrinogen Degradation Products FEF; Forced Expiratory Flow FEF25-75%; Forced Expiratory Flow from 25 to 75 % of the vital capacity FENa, FeNa; Fractional Excretion of Sodium   ; Volume의 개념을 제거하여 좀 더 정확한 신장의 농축 능력을 평가,     낮을수록 농축능 증가를 의미한다.     < 1 %; Prerenal ARF     > 1 %; Renal(Oliguric) ARF     Urine Na x Plasma Cr   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 100     Urine Cr x Plasma Na        UNa / PNa   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 100        UCr / PCr          RFI    = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ       Plasma Na FEP; Free Erythrocyte (Proto)Porphyrins FEV; Forced Expiratory Volume FEV1; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec FFA; Free Fatty Acid; 유리 지방산 FFP; Fresh Frozen Plasma FFS; Flexible Fiberoptic Sigmoidoscopy fg; fore ground FGR; Fetal Growth Retardation FHF; Fulminant Hepatic Failure FH; Familial Hypercholesterolemia; 가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증 FHD; Fetal Heart Tone FHH; Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia   = Familial Benign Hypercalcemia FHM; Fetal Heart Movement FHR; Fetal Heart Rate FHT; Fetal Heart Tone(s) FHX, FHx; Family History FiO2; Fraction of Inspired Oxygen; 흡입 산소 농도 FISH; Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FIV; Forced Inspired Volume 5α-DHT; 5α-Di-Hydro-Testosterone 5-HIAA; 5-Hydroxy-Indole-Acetic Acid 5-HT; 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine   = Serotonin 5-HTP; 5-Hydroxytryptophan 5 YSR; 5 Year Survival Rate FL;   1) Fascia Lata(FL); 대퇴근막(大腿筋膜)   2) Femur Length FLASH; Fast Low Angle SHot Flu, Flue; inFluenzae; 감기 FMD; Fibro-Muscular Dysplasia FMN; Flavin Mononucleotide FMTC; Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma FNA; Fine Needle Aspiration FNAB; Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy FO; Fossa(Foramen) Ovale FPC; Familial ; 가족성 용종성 증후군 FPG; Fasting Plasma Glucose FPL; Flexor Pollicis Longus FQDN; Fully Qualified Domain Name FRC; Functional Residual Capacity FRP; Follicle Regulatory Protein FRT; Fixation Reflex Test; 안과) 시선 고정 반사 테스트 FSA; Fetal Sulfo-glycoprotein Ag FSF; Fibrin Stabilizing Factor(Factor XIII) FSGN; Focal Sclerotic(Segmental) Glomerulo-Nephritis FSGS; Focal Segmental Glomerulo-Sclerosis FSH;   1) Follicle(Follicular)-Stimulating Hormone [HP 1884, 1891, 1902-3, 2010, 2017-21, 2031]   2) Facio-Scapular Humeral FSH-RH; Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone FSP; Fibrin Split Product   = FDPs ft.; foot, feet FTA-ABS test; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody ABSorption test FT3; Free T3 FT4; Free T4 FT3I; Free T3 Index FT4I; Free T4 Index   = T3RU x T4 FTND; Full-Term Normal Delivery; 만기정상분만(滿期正常分娩) FTSG; Full Thickness Skin Graft F/U; Follow Up FUdR; Fluorodeoxyuridine FUO; Fever of Unknown(= Undetermined) Origin; (원인)불명열 FVC; Forced Vital Capacity F wave; Flutter wave; 조동파 Fx; Fracture; 골절(骨折) g; gram   = gm G.; Giardia   G. Lamblia; 람불편모충 G-sac; Gestational Sac GA;   1) Gestational Age; 재태주령   2) Gamblers Anonymous 167Ga; radioactive Gallium(used in whole-body & brain scans) GABA; Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid GAF scale; Global Assessment of Functioning scale GAG; Glycos-Amino-Glycan GAP; Group for Advancement of Psychiatry GAP syndrome; Galactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Prolactinoma Syndrome GB; Gall Bladder; 담낭 GBM; Glomerular Basement Membrane GBP scan; Gated Blood Pool (cardiac) scan   = GBPS   1. LV 기능 측정   2. Wall Motion분석   3. CO & EF 측정 GBPS; Gated Blood Pool cardiac Scan   = GBP scan GBS;   1) Guillain-Barre' Syndrome     = PIP; Post-Infectious Polyneuropathy   2) Group B Streptococcus GC;   1) Guanylate Cyclase   2) Gonococcus; 임균 Gc globulin; Group-specific complement globulin GCS; Glasgow Coma Scale GER; Gastro-Esophageal Reflux GERD; Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease GFR; Glomerular Filtration Rate; 사구체 여과율   25 % 감소시 Clinical Manifestation   50 % 감소시 Lab 상 Azotemia G-G diet; Giordano-Giovannetti diet   의의; CRF에 쓰인다. GGT;   1) Gamma(γ)-Glutamyl Transpeptidase   2) Gamma(γ)-Glutamyl Transferase GH; Growth Hormone   = Somatotropin GHB; Gamma-Hydroxy Butyrate GHQ; General Health Questionaire GHRH; Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GH-V; variant form of Growth Hormone GI;   1) Gastro-Intestinal; 위장의   2) Globin Insulin   3) Granuloma Inguinale GIDAANT; Gender Identity Disorder of Adolescence or Adulthood, Non-transsexual Type GIF; Gastro-Intestinal Fiberoscopy GIFT; Gamate Intra-Fallopian Transfer; 생식세포 난관내 이식술 GIH; Growth hormone release Inhibiting Hormone   = Somatostatin GIP;   1) Giant cell Interstitial Pneumonia   2) Gastric Inhibitory (Poly)Peptide GLOBE; Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment gm; gram   = g GM; Glioblastoma Multiforme; 다형성 교아세포종 GM-CSF; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor GMP; Guanosine Mono-Phosphate GN; Glomerulo-Nephritis GNB; Gram Negative(-) Bacilli GNBP; Gram Negative(-) Bacillary Pneumonias GnRH; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone  [HP 1898, 2034]   = LHRH   = Gonadorelin   ; 44 Amino Acids(29 AA; necessary)   ; belongs to a family of Molecules     1) Secretin     2) Glucagon     3) VIP     4) GIP   ; Production     1) Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus; Major Site     2) Ventromedial Nucleus; a few   ; Axon project to the Median Eminence           terminate on the Portal Vessels   ; Present; Mucosa of the Small Intestine   ; 1) Stimulate GH Release & Synthesis in Vitro & in Vivo     2) Calcium-dependent     3) mediated cAMP     4) Enhances GH gene transcription     5) Stimulates c-fos(a growth signal-transducing oncogene)   ; IV Injection; 0.1 - 3.3 μg/kg of BW     Peak GH Response; 30 - 60 min     Return to Baseline; 2 - 3 Hr GOT; Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase GP;   1) General Practitioner; 전과의(全科醫)   2) General Paresis   3) Geometric Progression GPIb; Glyco-Protein Ib gr.; grain; 1 gr. = 0.0648 gm GRASS; Gradient Recalled Acquisition at Steady State grav.; gravida; pregnancy; 임신 GRH; Growth hormone Releasing Hormone GRP; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide GS;   1) Gall Stone   2) General Surgery G6PD, G6PD, G-6-PD; Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase GSR; Galvanic Skin Response GTD; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease GTN;   ◉ Stages of GTN(FIGO, WHO)     1. Stage O; Molar Pregnancy(H-Mole)     2. Stage I; confined to Uterine Corpus     3. Stage II; Metastasis to Pelvis & Vagina     4. Stage III; Metastasis to Lung     5. Stage IV; Distant Metastasis(Brain, Liver, Kidney, Spleen or GI tract) GTP; Guanosine Tri-Phosphate GTT;   1) Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor   2) Glucose Tolerance Test; 당부하검사 gtt; guttae; drops; 방울 방울 GU; Genito-Urinary; 비뇨생식기의 GUT; Genito-Urinary Tract GVHD; Graft-Versus-Host Disease; 식대주 질환 Gyn.; Gynecology; 부인과 H.;   1) Hemophilus; 호혈균(속)     H. influenzae; 인플루엔자 호혈균   2) Helicobacter     H. pylori   3) Hydatidiform     H. Mole; Hydatidiform Mole; 포상기태 [HP 1861, 1944, 1947, 2030]       1> Complete Hydatidiform Mole       2> Partial Hydatidiform Mole h.; hour; 시간 HA;   1) Hemolytic Anemia   2) Head-Ache HACE; High Altitude Cerebral Edema HAM; 1) Human Albumin Microsphere        2) HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy HAPE; High Altitude Pulmonary Edema HARH; High Altitude Retinal Hemorrhage HAV; Hepatitis A Virus Hb; Hemoglobin; 혈색소; 13 - 15 mg%   1 gm 파괴시 Indirect Bilirubin 40 mg 증가   = Hgb HBD; α-Hydroxy-Butyrate Dehydrogenase HBI; Hemi-Body Irradiation HBIG; Hepatitis B Immuno-Globulin; B형 간염 면역글로불린 HBO; HyperBaremic Oxygen HBPV; Haemophilus influenza type B Polysaccharide(PRP) Vaccine; B형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자 피막 다당질 백신 HBeAg; Hepatitis Be Antigen HBsAg; Hepatitis B surface Antigen HBUS; Hepato-Biliary Ultra-Sound HBV; Hepatitis B Virus HC;    1) Head Circumferrence; 두위   2) 탄화수소   3) Head Compression HCC; Hepato-Cellular Cacinoma HCCa; Hepato-Cellular Cacinoma HCG, hCG; Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; 사람융모성성선자극호르몬   1. Placental Glycoprotein Hormone   2. Resemble LH(secreted by Pituitary gland)   3. Synthesis; Syncytiotrophoblast cell in Placenta   4. Structure; Dimer α, β                 MW 39,000   5. Detection    1) First; 8-9 days after ovulation(in blood)              few days after implantation      increase with implatation; Blood > Urine    2) Urine; 30 days    3) Peak; middle of 1st trimester             60 - 70 days(8 - 10 wks)             60 - 90 days; 100 IU/ml             10 - 12 wks after ovulation    4) Decrease; 100 - 130 days(16 - 20 wks) after ovulation에 Lower Level 도달                임신이 끝날때까지 일정 Level 유지    5) Delivery후 2 wks에 정상화    ** 분비가 증가되는 경우(Significant Higher Titer) **    1. Multiple Fetus    2. Erythroblastosis Fetalis; maternal isoimmunization    3. H. mole    4. Choriocarcinoma; TRD(Trophoblastic Disease)    5. PIH, DM    ** Significant Lower Titer **    1. Threatened Abortion    2. Ectopic Pregnancy    3. Fetal Death   6. Function; same to LH    1) 임신 초기 유지 & promote growth of Corpus Luteum; > 2 times    ** Corpus Luteum **     ; maintain pregnancy for first 2-4 Mo        secretion of  ꠑꠚEstrogen                     ꠗꠚProgesterone     1> stimulate growth of Endometrium; decidual cell growth     2> prevent menstruation     3> Involution; 13-17 wks of gestation     4> placenta; secretion of   ꠑꠚEstrogen                               ꠗꠚProgesterone    2) stimulate secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells in fetal testis       ; interstitial cell stimulating effects     1> promote formation of male sexual organs     2> descend testicules into scrotum     3> stimulate fetal testis Steroidogenesis; Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage; 성분화     4> stimulate fetal adrenal Steroidogenesis    3) stimulate fetal ovary    4) FSH primed된 경우 stimulate ovulation; same to LH    5) Maternal Immunosuppression(Immunologic privileges); 임신 거부 반응 억제   7. Clinical Uses    1) pregnancy test; 혈중 hCG    2) 임신 초기(first trimester) 태아 발육의 Indicator    3) TRD의 Dx or Follow-Up study   8. Nisula & Ketelslegers    Choriocarcinoma; high hCG --> high Thyrotropine --> Thyrotoxicosis    ** Hormonal Overlap Syndrome **   TRD시 high hCG --> high TSH(유사 α-chain 구조) --> Thyrotoxicosis           HCM; Hypertrophic Cardio-Myopathy   = HCMP HCMP; Hypertrophic Cardio-Myo-Pathy   = HCM HCN; Hydrogen Cyanide; 청산 HCO; Health Care Organization; 의료조직   = MCO; Medical Care Organization HCP; Hereditary Copro-Porphyria; 유전성 CoproPorphyria HCT, Hct; Hematocrit; 혈구용적; 35 - 45 % HCV; Hepatitis C Virus HCVD; Hypertensive Cardio-Vascular Disease; 고혈압 심장성 혈관 질환 HD;   1) Hodgkin's Disease   2) Hemo-Dialysis   3) High Density   4) Hearing Disturbance HDCV; Human Diploid Cell Vaccine; 인간 이배체 세포 백신 HDL; High Density Lipoprotein; 고밀도 지질 단백질 HDN; Hemolytic Disease of Newborn HDV; Hepatitis D(elta) Virus   = HBV associated Delta Agent HE stain; Hematoxylin-Eosin stain HEMPAS Test; Hereditary Erythrocytic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum Test HEV; Hepatitis E Virus HFRS; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome [HP 849-50]   = Korean Hemorrhagic Fever   = Far Eastern Hemorrhagic Fever   = Endemic or Epidemic Nephroso-nephritis   = Manchurian Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever   = Songo Fever   = Churilov's Disease   ◉ 5 Periods of HFRS     1. Febrile Period; 3 - 6 일       ; Fever, 두통, 안구통, 요복통(3주통), 결막및 인후의 충혈, 점상 출혈     2. Hypotensive Period; 매우 주의해야     3. Oliguric Period; 출혈증상의 악화     4. Diuretic Period     5. Convalescent Period Hgb; Hemoglobin   = Hb HGPRT; Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho-Ribosyl Transferase HHH Syndrome; Hyperamnonemia-Hyperornithinemia-Homocitrullinemia Syndrome HI antibody; Hemagglutination Inhibiting antibody; 혈구 응집 억제 항체 HI Method; Hemagglutination Inhibiting Method; 혈구 응집 억제법 Hib; Haemophilus Influenzae B type; B 형 인플루엔자균 HIV; Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIVD; Herniation(Herniated) of Inter-Vertebral Disc   ◉ Cervical HIVD     ▣ Complications       1. Cervical Rib       2. Compression of Brachial Plexus   ◉ Lumbar HIVD     ▣ Complications       1. 1o & metastatic Tumor       2. Spinal Injury & Anomaly       3. Hypertrophy of Spine       4. other Disease of Spine & Pelvic Bone       5. Tumors of Pelvis HL; Half Life HLA; Human Leukocyte Antigen; 인백혈구 항원   ◉ HLA B27 Ag     (+)로 나오는 경우     1. Ankylosing Spondylitis; 90 % (+) HLDA; HoLD Acknowledge HMD; Hyaline Membrane Disease; 유리질막증 HMG, hMG; Human Menopausal Gonadotropin HMO; Health Maintenance Organization; 건강 유지 조직 HMP Shunt; Hexose Mono-Phosphate Shunt HMSN; Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathy HMW; High Molecular Weight HMWM; High Molecular Weight Multimers H & N; Head & Neck Hn; Herniation HNP; Herniation(Herniated) of Nucleus Pulposus; 척추간판 탈출증 HOA; Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy HOF; Height Of Fundus; Distance to Uterine Fundus from Symphisis HP; Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis   = Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis HPA axis; Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis HPF, hpf; High Power Field; 고배율 시야 hPL; human Placental Lactogen   = Chorionic Somatomammotropin HPP; Hereditary Pyro-Poikilocytosis HPRT; Hypoxanthine Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase HPV; Human Papilloma Virus HPZ; High Pressure Zone; 고압지대 HR; Heart Rate HRCT; High Resolution Computed Tomography   = TSCT HRIG; Human Rabies Immuno-Globulin; 인체 광경병 면역 글로불린 HS; Hereditary Spherocytosis h.s.; hora somni; at bedtime; 취침시(간) H2S; Hydrogen Sulfate; 황화수소 HSA; Human Serum Albumin 3β-HSD; 3β-Hydroxy-Steroid Dehydrogenase HSG; Hystero-Salpingo-Gram HSM Syndrome; juvenile-familial Endocrinopathy Hypoparathyroidism Addison's Disease Menillansis HSP; Henoch Schonlein Purpura HSV; Herpes Simplex Virus HT; Head Trauma ht.; height; 신장, 키 HTIG: Human Tetanus Immune Globulin HTN; Hypertension hTN; hypotension HTST; High Temperature Short Time Pasteurization   ; 71.5 ℃, 15 sec간 가열후 10 ℃ 이하로 급냉각 HUS; Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome HVA; Homo-Vanillic Acid HVL; Half-Value Layer h.w.b.; hot water bag; 더운물주머니 HX, Hx; History Hx; History Taking hypo.; hypodermic(ally) injection; 피하주사 I; Inspiration 131I; radioactive Iodine(used in Thyroid uptake, Liver & Kidney Scans & Treatment of malignant & nonmalignant conditions of the thyroid) 123I-MIBG; 123I-Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine 131I-MIBG; 131I-Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine IABP; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump(Plasty)   ◉ Ix     1. Low Output Syndrome     2. CO < 2 L/min/m2     3. systolic BP < 80       or 100 mmHg If Pt. was formerly Hypertensive     4. Urinary Output < 20 mL/Hr IAPP; Insulinoma Amyloid Poly-Peptide IBD; Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBS; Irritable Bowel Syndrome IC;   1) Iidirect Current   2) Intra-Cranial   3) Inspiratory Capacity I & C; Incision & Curretage ICA;   1) Islet Cell Antibody   2) Internal Carotid Artery ICAMs; Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecules ICCE; Intra-Capsular Cataract Extraction ICD;   1) International (statistical) Classification of Diseases, (injuries & causes of death)   2) Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ICF; Intra-Cellular Fluid; 세포내액 ICG test; Indo-Cyanine Green loading test; Indo-Cyanine Green 색소 부하검사 ICH; Intra-Cerebral Hemorrhage ICL; Idiopathic CD4 + T Lymphocytopenia ICP; Intra-Cranial Pressure ICR; Intra-Cavitary Radiotheraphy ICS; Inter-Costal Space   = IS ICs; Immune Complexes ICU; Intensive Care Unit; 집중 치료실, 중환자실 ID;   1) Immuno-Diffusion   2) Intra-Dermal; 피내로   3) Intra-Dural I & D; Incision & Drainage; 절개와 배액법 IDA;   1) Imino-Diacetic Acid   2) Iron Deficiency Anemia     Cause     1. Blood Loss(Pathologic Iron Loss); mc       1) Gastrointestinal Bleeding       2) Genitourinary Bleeding       3) Pulmonary Hemosiderosis       4) Intravascular Hemolysis     2. Increased Requirement(Iron Utilization)       1) Postnatal Growth Spurt       2) Adolescent Growth Spurt     3. Physiologic Iron Loss       1) Menstruation       2) Pregnancy     4. Inadequate Dietary Intake       1) Cereal-rich, Meat poor Diets       2) Food Faddists       3) Elderly & Indigent     5. Decreased Intestinal Absorption       1) Malabsorption IDDM; Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus   = Type I DM IDEM tumor; Intra-Dural Extra-Medullary tumor IDL; Intermediate Density Lipoprotein; 중밀도 지질 단백질 IDSA; Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography IDU; IDoxUridine IDUs; Injection Drug Users IE; Infective Endocarditis; 감염성 심내막염 IEP; Immuno-Electro-Phoresis IF;   1) Immuno-Fluorescence   2) Intrinsic Factor IF test; Immuno-Fluorescence test IFA; Immuno-Fluorescence Antibody Test(= Assay) IFA test; Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test IFN; InterFeroN Ig; Immuno-globulin   IgA; Immuno-globulin A; (27)(30)60(100) - (170)(80)(250)380 mg/dL   IgD; Immuno-globulin D;   IgE; Immuno-globulin E; 50(100) - 370(300) Unit, < 400 Unit   IgG; Immuno-globulin G; (380)(600)800(900) - (1000)(1200)1800 mg/dL   IgM; Immuno-globulin M; (28)60(40) - (98)(100)(113)260(220) mg/dL IGF; Insulin-like Growth Factor   = Somatomedin IGF 1; Insulin-like Growth Factor 1   = Somatomedin C IGHD; Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency IgMαHBc; IgM Antibody against Hepatitis B core Antigen IGT; Impaired Glucose Tolerance IHA test; Indirect Hem-Agglutination test IHD; Ischemic Heart Disease   = Coronary Heart(Artery) Disease   = Atherosclerotic Heart Disease IHS;   1) International Headache Society   2) Intelligent Hospital System IHSS(= HCMP); Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis   = Obstructive Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy   ◉ CIx     1. Diuretics     2. Nitrates     3. β-Agonist(Stimulant)     4. Digitalis IICP; Increased Intra-Cranial Pressure IIOC; Incompetent Internal Os of Cervix IL; Inter-Leukin IL-1; Interleukin-1 IL-8; Interleukin-8 ILD; Interstitial Lung Disease ILO; International Labo(u)r Organization; 국제노동기구 IM;   1) Intra-Muscular(ly) (injection); 근육으로, 근육주사   2) Infectious Mononucleus(Mononucleosis)     = Glandular Fever IM nail; Intra-Medullary nail IMDS; Idiopathic Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome   = Preleukemia   = Refractory Anemias imho; in my humble(or honest) opinion IMP; Inosinate IMR; Infant Mortality Rate; 영아 사망률 INF-γ; Interferon-γ INH; Isoniazid INPV; Intermittent Negative Pressure Ventilation; 간헐적 음압환기 요법 INR; International Normalized Ratio   = RISI             patient PT     R = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ          mean normal PT I & O; Intake & Output; 섭취량과 배설량 IP; Incubation Period; 잠복기 IP3; Inositol tri-Phosphate IPA; Iso-Propyl Alcohol IPD; Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis IPF; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis IPG; Impedance Plethysmo-Graphy IPPB; Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing; 간헐적 양압 호흡 IPPV; Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation; 간헐적 양압 환기 요법 IPSID; Immuno-Proliferative Small Intestine Disease IPSP; Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential; 억제성 시냅스후 전위 IPT; Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy iPTH; immunoreactive PTH IPU; Inter-Parliamentary Union; 국제의회동맹 IQ, I.Q.; Intelligence Quotient; 지능지수(知能指數), 지능계수(知能系數) IRC; International Red Cross IRMA;   1) Intra-Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities   2) Immuno-Radio-Metric Assay IRV; Inspiratory Reserve Volume IS; Intercostal Space   = ICS ISA;   1) Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity   2) Industrial Standard Architecture; 산업표준구조 ISD; Inter-Spinous Distance ISF; Inter-Stitial Fluid; 간질액 ISG; Immune Serum Globulin ISI; International Sensitivity Index of reagent/instrument combination ISS; International Staging System IT; Intra-Thecal ITP; Idiopathic(Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura ITx; Immunotherapy IU;   1) International Unit; 국제단위   2) Immunizing Unit; 면역단위 IUCD; Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices; 자궁내 피임 장치   = IUD IUD; Intra-Uterine Device(s); 자궁내 장치   ; 월경중에 삽입한다.   = IUCD IUdR; 5'-Iodo-2'-Deoxyuridine IUGR; Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation; 자궁내 성장 장애 IV; Intra-Venous(ly) injection; 정맥으로, 정맥주사 IVC;   1) Inferior Vena Cava   2) Intra-Venous Cholangiography IVF; In Vitro Fertilization; 체외 수정 IVF-ET; In Vitro Fertilization - Embryo Transfer IVIG; Intra-Venous Immuno-Globulin; 정맥 주사용 면역 글로불린 IVP; Intra-Venous Pyelography(-Gram); 경정맥성 신우 촬영술   = Excretary Urography; 배설성요로조영술   ◉ CIx     1. 간 및 신장의 복합질환     2. 요오드에 대한 과민증     3. Oliguria     4. Serum Cr; 2.5 - 3.0 mg% 이상 IVS; Interventricular Septum IVT; Intra-Venous Transfusion IVU; Intra-Venous Urography JG; Juxta-Glomerulus JOC; Journal of Oncologic Clinical(?) JRA; Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis; 연소기 류마토이드 관절염   = Juvenile Chronic Arthritis; 연소기 만성 관절염   Def; 15세 이하의 소아에서 6주이상 지속되는 관절염(= Still's Disease) Jt; Joint JVP; [POMD P 49 - 52]   1) Jugular Vein Pressure   2) Jugular Venous Pulse   Three Positive Waves; A, C, V   Two Negative Waves; X, Y   ◉ A wave; the tallest Waves     1) by Right Atrial Contraction     2) begin before S1        peak just before or during S1     3) If S4 present, coincides with the summit of the wave     4) precedes the carotid pulse   Abnormal   1. Large or Giant A wave     1) by increased resistance at the tricuspid valve or           increased resistance to right ventricular filling     2) Causes       1> Tricuspid Stenosis or Atresia       2> Ebstein's Anomaly       3> Pulmonary Stenosis       4> Pulmonary Hypertension         i) Primary         ii) Eisenmenger's Syndrome(uncommon)         iii) Mitral Stenosis         iv) Acute & Chronic Cor Pulmonale         v) Tricuspid Regurgitation            (nonrheumatic cases secondary to pulmonary hypertension)       5> Cardiomyopathy       6> Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis(IHSS)       7> Aortic Stenosis(some cases)   2. Decreased A wave; markedly dilated Right Atrium   3. Absent A wave; replaced by flutter waves     1) Atrial Fibrillation     2) Atrial Flutter   4. Cannon A wave; by fusion of giant A waves with C or V waves     1) Regualr Cannon A wave       1> Atrioventricular(AV) Junctional Rhythm       2> First-Degree AV Block(some cases)       3> 2 : 1 AV Block       4> Atrial Tachycardia(some cases)         i) Paradoxical Nodal Tachycardia     2) Irregular Cannon A wave       1> Premature Systoles         i) Ventricular(frequently)         ii) AV Junctional(sometimes)         iii) Atrial(rarely)       2> Complete AV Dissociation         i) Complete AV Block         ii) AV Junctional Tachycardia(some cases)         iii) Ventricular Tachycardia(some cases)       3> Atrial Flutter(difficult to detect)   ◉ C wave     1) by Right Ventricular Systole &           Bulging of th Tricuspid valve into the Right Atrium           Impact of the carotid pulse against the jugular vein     2) begins at the end of S1        peak shortly thereafter     3) coincides with the upstroke of the carotid pulse   ◉ X descent; Systolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse; deeper than the Y wave     1) by Right Atrial Relaxation &           Downward displacement of the base of the heart     2) divide into; by C wave       1> X descent       2> X' descent     3) 0.10 sec before S2     4) occurs during the peak of the carotid pulse   Abnormal   1. Decreased X descent; Atrial Fibrillation   2. Partially or Completely Obliterated by a Regurgitant Wavs(called the CV, S, or V waves); Tricuspid Regurgitation   3. Deeper than the Y Descent; Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis   ◉ V wave     1) by Right Atrial Filling during Right Ventricular Systole while the tricuspid valve is closed     2) begins shortly before P2        peaks 0.06 - 0.08 sec after P2     3) peak occurs after the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse   Abnormal   1. Large V Wave     1) Tricuspid Regurgitation     2) Right-sided Heart Failure     3) Atrial Septal Defect(about 50 % of cases)     4) Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage   ◉ Y descent; Diastolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse     1) by the rapid flow of the blood into the Right Ventricle after the opening of the Tricuspid Valve     2) begin the end of the V wave        end with the Y trough     3) about 0.20 sec after P2     4) comes along after the carotid pulse is felt   Abnormal   1. Slow, Shallow Y descent; Tricuspid Stenosis   2. Rapid, Steep Y descent     1) Constrictive Pericarditis     2) severe Right-sided Heart Failure Jx; Junction K+; Potassium; Electrolyte KAP study; Knowledge, Attitude & Practice study Ka; Kallikrein KDO; 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-Octonate K-F Ring; Kayser-Fleischer Ring kg; kilogram; 1000 gram KHF; Korean Hemorrhagic Fever   = HFRS KI(?); Potassium Iodide; 옥화칼륨 KIDS; Kansas Infant Development Screen KLH; Keyhole-Limpet Hemocyanin antigen KM; Kana-Mycin KOH; Potassium Hydroxide [HP 272-3] 17-KS; 17-Keto-Steroid KUB; Kidney, Ureter & Bladder; 신장, 요관, 방광; 단순 요로 촬영   = Plain Film   = Scout Film KW change; Keith Wagener change KWIS; Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale; 한국판 웩슬러 지능 검사 L;   1) Lumbar Vertebrae     L1; 1st Lumbar Vertebrae     L2; 2nd Lumbar Vertebrae   2) Liter LA;   1) Left Atrium   2) Latex Agglutination L & A; Light & Accommodation; 광선및 조절 LAA; Left Atrial(or Auricular) Appendage Lab., lab.; Laboratory; 검사실 LAD;   1) Left Axis Deviation; 좌축 편위   2) Left Anterior Descending coronary artery LAE;   1) Late Asthmatic Effect   2) Left Atrial Enlargement LAH; Left Atrial Hypertrophy LAI assay; Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition assay LAK T cells; Lymphokine Activated Killer T cells LAMB Syndrome; Lentigines, Atrial myxoma, Blue nevi Syndrome LAP;   1) Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase   2) Leucine Amino-Peptidase LASER; Light Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LATS; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulating hormone(= Stimulator) lb; libra; pound LBBB; Left Bundle Branch Block LBP; Low Back Pain LBW; Low Birth Weight LBWI; Low Birth Weight Infant; 저출생체중아(低出生體重兒)   원인   1. 모체;Mother     1) 자궁경관무력증;Cervical Incompetency     2) 자궁의 기형과 확장된(overdistended) 자궁     3) 산모의 심한 질병       1> 급성신우신염       2> 심한 폐렴으로 인한 저산소증       3> 습관성 미숙아 분만   2. 태아;Fetus     1) 선천성기형아     2) 태아적모구증     3) 염색체이상     4) 감염   3. 태반;Placenta     1) 양막 파열;Rupture of Amniotic Membrane     2) 태반의 조기박리및 전치 태반     3) 태반 기능 부전   4. 사회 경제적 원인; 사회 경제적 환경이 나쁜 경우     1) 나쁜 영양 상태     2) 부적절한 산전 간호     3) 환경에서 오는 Stress LC; Liver Cirrhosis LCA; Left Coronary Artery LCAT; Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Transferase LCC; Left Common Carotid artery LCCA; Left Common Carotid Artery LCP Disease; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease   ◉ Stages of LCP Disease(= Juvenile Idiopathic AVN)     1. Incipient or Synovitis Stage; 1 - 3 wk     2. Avascular or Aseptic Necrotic Stage; 6 Mo - 1 Yr     3. Regenerative or Fragmentation Stage; 1 - 3 Yr     4. Residual Stage or Reparative Stage LD;   1) Lamina Densa   2) Lymphocyte Depletion   3) Lethal Dose; 치사량 LD50; Median Lethal Dose; 반치사량 LDH; Lactic Acid(Lactate) De-Hydrogenase; 유수탈수소효소   ; < 370 Unit   증가하는 경우   1. AMI; Flipped Pattern; LDH1 > LDH2; 3 - 6 일에 최고치, 1주일 지나면 정상화 LDL; Low Density Lipoprotein; 저밀도 지질 단백질 LE; Lupus Erythematosus; 홍반성 루푸스(낭창) L/E; Lower Extremity LEMS; Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome LES; Lower Esophageal Sphincter; 하부 식도 괄약근 LESP; Lower Esophageal Sphincter Prssure LF;   1) Lethal Factor   2) Line Feed   3) Left Foot LFT; Liver Function Test LGA; Large for Gestational Age; 과체중아 LGL Syndrome; Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome LGV; Lympho-Granuloma Venereum LH; Luteinizing Hormone LHA; Left Hepatic Artery LHRF; Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor LHRH; Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone   ➡ GnRH; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone   = Gonadorelin LI; Lateral Infarction LIP; Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia LL; Left Leg LLL; Left Lower Lobe(of Lung) LLOs; Legionella-Like Organisms LLQ; Left Lower Quadrant; 좌측하부 4분의 1 LMA; Left Mento-Anterior LMB; Left Main Bronchus LMN; Lower Motor Neuron LMP; Last Menstrual Period; 최종 월경기 LN; Lymph Node LND; Light-Near Dissociation LOA; Left Occipito-Anterior LOC; Loss Of Consciousness LOP; Left Occipito-Posterior LOS; Lipo-Oligo-Saccharides LP;   1) Lymphocyte Predominant   2) Lumbar Puncture LP shunt; Lumbo-Peritoneal shunt L-PAM; L-Phenyl-Alanine Mustard   = Melphalan LPD; Luteal Phase Defect LPF, lpf; Low Power Field; 저배율시야 LPH; Lipotropic Hormone   = Lipotropin LPL; Lipo-Protein Lipase LPM; Line Per Minute LPO; Left Posterior Oblique view LR; Light Perception L/R; Light Reflex LRE; Lamina Rara Externa LRI; Lamina Rara Interna L/S ratio; Lecithin/Sphingomyelin   > 2이나 IRDS가 오는 경우   1. DM Mother   2. Erythroblastosis Fetalis   3. Metabolic Disease of Fetus   4. Deficit of Phosphatidylglycerol LSA; Left Subclavian Artery LSB; Left Sternal Border LSD; Lysergic acid Diethylamide LSP;   1) Liver Specific Protein   2) Left Sacrum Posterior L-tube; Levin tube LT;   1) heat-Labile enteroToxin   2) Leuko-Trience LTB4; Leuko-Trience B4 LTH; Low Temperature Holding Method of Pasteurization; 저온유지식살균법(우유소독법)   ; 62 - 63 ℃, 30 min LUF syndrome; Lutenized Unruptured Follicle syndrome LUL; Left Upper Lobe(of Lung) LUQ; Left Upper Quadrant; 좌측상부 4분의 1 LV;   1) Left Ventricle   2) Lateral Ventricle LVEDV; Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume LVESV; Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume LVFP; Left Ventricular Filling Pressure LVH; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy LVOT; Left Ventricular Outflow Tract M;   1) Murmur   2) Male; 남자 M.; Mycoplasma(= Asterococcus)   M. Pneumoniae; 폐렴미코플라즈마 M-A tube; Miller Abbott tube MAA; Macro-Aggregated Albumin MAbs; Monoclonal Antibodies MAC;   1) Maximal Allowable Concentration   2) MTX, Actinomycin-D, Cyclophosphamide   3) MTX, Actinomycin-D, Chlorambucin MAD; Major Antigenic Determinant MAG; Myelin Associated Glycoprotein MAG; Mercapto-Acetyl-Triglycine MAHA; Micro-Angiopathic Hemolytic Anemia; PB상 Helmet Cell   Thrombocytopenia중 MAHA유발   1. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome   2. TTP   3. DIC MAI; Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare MALT; Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue MAO;   1) MonoAmine Oxidase   2) Maximal Acid Output MAOI; MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitors MAP; Mean Arterial Pressure MAS; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; 태변(양수)흡인증후군   = Massive Aspiration Syndrome; 양수 대량 흡인 증후군   = Meconium Aspiration Pneumonia태변 흡인성 폐렴 MAST; Michigan Alcohol Screening test MAT; Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia MBC;   1) Maximal Breathing Capacity   2) Minimal Bactericidal Concentration MBD; Minimal Brain Dysfuction MBK; Methylen Butyl-Ketone MBV; Maximal Breathing Volume   = MVV MC;   1) Musculo-Cutaneous   2) Mixed Cellularity mc; most common MCA; Middle Cerebral Artery MCD;   1) Minimal Change Disease   2) Menstrual Cycle Day mcg; microgram; μgm, 10-6 gm MCH; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Hemoglobin; 26 - 33 pg; 평균적혈구 혈색소량         Hb   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 10     RBC Count   RBC Count는 106으로 나눈 숫자 MCHC; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Hemoglobin Concentration; 32 - 36 %; 평균적혈구 혈색소농도      Hb   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 100     Hct   의의; Hyperchromic, Normochromic, Hypochromic 의 구별 MCL; Minimal Change Disease MCLS; Muco-Cutaneous Lymph node Syndrome   = Kawasaki Disease MCN; Minimal Change Nephrotic syndrome   = MCNS MCNS; Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome   = MCN MCO; Medical Care Organization; 의료조직   = HCO; Health Care Organization MCP; Meta-Carpo-Phalangeal MCP joint; Meta-Carpo-Phalangeal joint MCT; Medium Chain Triglyceride MCTD; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease MCV; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Volume; 80 - 100 fL(= 10-5 L); 평균적혈구용적        Hct   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ x 10     RBC Count   RBC Count는 106으로 나눈 숫자   의의; Macrocytic, Normocytic, Microcytic의 구별 MD;   1) Medicinae(Medical) Doctor; 의학박사   2) Mid-Day; 정오 MDHP; Methylene Hydroxy-Di-Phosphonate MDI; Manic(Mood) Depressive Illness MDII; Multiple Daily Insulin Injections MDM; Minor Determinant Mixture MDP; Methylene Di-Phosphonate MDR; Multi-Drug Resistance MDS; Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome   = Refractory (Dysmyelopoietic) Anemia   = (Idiopathic) Myelodysplastic Syndrome   = Refractory Anemia   = Preleukemia MEDAC Syndrome; Multiple-Endocrine Deficiency Autoimmune-Candidiasis MEFR; Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate MEFV; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume MELAS Syndrome;   1. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy   2. Lactic Acidosis   3. Stroke Syndrome MEM Test; Macrophage Electrophoretic Mobility Test MEN; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia   ; AD Trait   1. MEN Type I(= Wermer Syndrome)     1) Hyperparathyroidism; Parathyroid gland 의 Adenoma     2) Pancreatic Islet Cell Adenoma(Tumor)       Insulinoma, Gastrinoma; Gastrin ꀺ, Peptic Ulcer ꀺ     3) Pituitary Adenoma; Gland 의 Chromophobe     임상적 특징     40 - 50 대에 많음     Three Endocrine Tissue의 Involvement; ≧ 90 %   2. MEN Type II(= Sipple's Syndrome)     1) Pheochromocytoma     2) Hyperparathyroidism(= parathyroid Hyperplasia)     3) Thyroid Medullary Ca       ; parafollicular C cell origin, calcitonin producing tumor       Tx 원칙; Total Thyroidectomy   3. MEN Type III or IIb     1) Multiple Mucosal Neuroma/ Neurogenic Tumors     2) Hyperparathyroidism(= parathyroid Hyperplasia)     3) Thyroid Medullary Ca   4. McCune Albright Syndrome MEOS; Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System   = MFOS; Mixed Function Oxidase System MERRF Syndrome; Myoclonic Epilepsy & Ragged Red Fibers Syndrome Met.; Metabilic; 대사성 MF;   1) Myelo-Fibrosis     = Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia with Myelo-Fibrosis     = Idiopathic Myelo-Fibrosis   2) Mycosis Fungoides; 균상 식육종 MFC; Mitomycin C, 5-FU, Cytosin, Arabinoside MFH; Malignant Fibrous Histocytoma MG;   1) Myasthenia Gravis   2) MonoGlyceride   3) Monoclonal Gammopathy mg; milligram; 1/1000 gm, 10-3 gm MGN; Membranous Glomerulo-Nephritis(Nephropathy) MGUS; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance MH; Malignant Hyperthermia MHA-TP; Micro-Hemagglutination Assay for antibodies to Treponema Pallidum MHC; Major Histocompatibility Complex MHPG; 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxy-Phenyl Glycol MI;   1) Mitral Insufficient     = MR   2) Myocardial Infarction; 심근 경색증 ⇨ AMI   3) Mind Identity MIBG; Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine MIC; Minimum(Minimal) Inhibitory Concentration MID; Multi-Infarct Dementia MIF;   1) Mu"llerian Inhibiting Factor   2) Migrating Inhibition Factor MIS; Meiosis-Inducing Substance ml; milliliter; 1/1000 Liter, 10-3 L MLC;   1) Minimal Lethal Concentration   2) Mixed Lymphocyte Culture MLD; Metachromatic Leuko-Dystrophy MLF; Median Longitudinal Fasciculus   Role; links the CN III Nucleus with Contralateral CN VI Nucleus        Conjugate Lateral Gaze 가능하도록 MM; Multiple Myeloma mm; millimeter; 1/1000 Meter, 10-3 Meter MMC; Meningo-Myelo-Cele MMER; Maximal Mid Expiratory flow Rate   = MMEFR MMEFR; Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow Rate   = MMER MMPI; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; 미네소타 다면성 인격 검사(다면적 인성 검사) MMR;   1) Measles, Mumps, Rubella; 홍역, 멈프스, 풍진   2) Mass Miniature Radiography MMS; Mohs Micrographic Surgery MN;   1) Membranous Nephropathy   2) Mid-Night; 자정 MODY; Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young(in Youth) MOPP;   1) Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine, Prednisone   2) Nitrogen Mustard, Oncovin, Procarbazine, Prednisone MP;   1) Marginal Pool   2) Metacarpal Phalangeal MP joint; Metacarpo-Pharyngeal joint MPA;   1) Mean Pulmonary Artery   2) Medroxy-Progesterone Acetate(Proveraⓡ)   3) Methylenedioxy Amphetamine MPAP; Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure MPGN; Mesangial(Membrano-) Proliferative Glomerulo-Nephritis MPH; Mid-Parental Height MPN; 최확수   ; 검수 100 ml에 대장균 균수의 이론상 가장 가능성이 있는 수치   eg) MPN 100; 100 ml중에 대장균균이 100이 있다는 의미 MPO; Myelo-Per-Oxidase MPS;   1) Mononuclear Phagocyte System   2) Mucopolysaccharidosis; Muco 다당류 축적 질환 MPV; Mean Platelet Volume MR;   1) Mitral Regurgitation     = MI   2) Minor Response   3) Mental Retardation; 정신지체     = Feebleminded, Mental Deficiency; 정신 박약     = Mental Subnormality; 정신 저하     = Subintelligencee; 저능   4) Magnetic Resonance MR test; Methyl Red test MRDM; Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus MRI; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 자기 공명 영상 MRK Syndrome; Mayer-Rokitansky Ku"ster Syndrome   = Mu"llerian Agenesis MRKH Syndrome; Mayer-Rokitansky Ku"ster-Hauser Syndrome   = Mu"llerian Agenesis MRM; Modified Radical Mastectomy mRNA; messenger Ribo-Nucleic Acid MRSA; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus   Tx   1. Bactrim(TMP/SMX) + Rifampin   2. Vancomycin MS;   1) Mitral Stenosis   2) Multiple Sclerosis; 다발성 경화증   3) Macrophage System ms; muscle MSAFP; Maternal Serum Alpha(α)-Feto-Protein MSD; Mean Sac Diameter; Gestational(G)-Sac의 크기 MSE; Mental Status Examination MSH; Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone MSLT; Multiple Sleep Latency Test MSP; Minute Sequence Pyelogram MSU; Mono-Sodium Urate MT;   1) Mantoux Test   2) Medical Technologist; 임상병리사 MTBE; Methyl-Tert-Butyl Ether MTC; Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma MTD; Membrana Tympanic Dexter; Right Ear Drum; 우측 고막 MTP joint; Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal joint MTS; Membrana Tympanic Sinister; Left Ear Drum; 좌측 고막 MTT; Metastatic Trophoblastic Tumor MTX; MethoTreXate MUP; Motor Unit Potential   = MUPs MUPs; Motor Unit Potentials   = MUP MURCS Associations; MUllerian duct aplasia, Renal aplasia, Cervico-thoracic vertebral(Somite) dysplasia Associations MV; Mitral Valve MVAC; Methotrexate, Vinblastin, Adriamycin(= Doxorubicin), Cisplatin MVD; Micro-Vascular Decompression   ◉ Ix     1. Trigeminal Neuralgia; SCA     2. Hemifacial Spasm; AICA     3. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia MVP; Mitral Valve Prolapse; 승모판 탈출 MVV;   1) Maximal Voluntary Volume     = MBV   2) Maximal Voluntary Ventilation MW; Molecular Weight Myop.; Myopia N.; Neisseria   N. gonorrhoeae(= gonococcus); 임균   N. intracellularis(= N. meningitidis); 수막염균   N. meningitidis(= Meningococcus); 수막염균 n~; Normal NA;   1) Narcotic Anonymous   2) Nomina Anatomica; Anatomic Nomenclature; 해부학 명명법 Na+; Sodium; Electrolyte NAAG; N-Acetyl Aspartyl Glutamate NAD; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NADP; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate NAME Syndrome; Nevi, Atrial myxoma, Myxoid neurofibroma, Ephelides Syndrome NAP; N-Acetyl-d-Penicillamine NB; New-Born NBTE; Non-Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis NBT test; Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium (dye reduction) test   ; Chronic Granulomatous Disease진단에 사용 NCA; National Council on Alcoholism NCF; Neutrophilic Chemotatic Factors NCV; Nerve Conduction Velocity NE; Nor-Epinephrine NEC; Necrotizing Entero-Colitis NED; No Evidence of Disease NEEP; Negative End-Expiratory Pressure NF; Neuro-Fibromatosis   = Von Recklinghausen's Disease   NF 1; Neuro-Fibromatosis type 1   NF 2; Neuro-Fibromatosis type 2 NFVVE; Normal Fullterm Vaginal Vacuum Extraction NG;   1) Naso-Gastric   2) N Gonorrhea NG tube; Naso-Gastric tube NGO; Non-Governmental Organization; 민간조직 NGU; Non-Gonococcal Urethritis NH; Nodular Histiocytic NHL; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma NIDDM; Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus   = Type II DM NIH; National Institutes of Health NIMH-ECA; NIMH-Epidemiologic Catchment Area NIP; Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonitis NK cell; Natural Killer cell NKA; Neuro-Kinin A NKHS; Non-Ketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome NL, nl; Normal NM;   1) Neuro-Muscular   2) Neo-Mycin Nm; Neuromodulator NMLH; Nodular Mixed Lymphocytic Histocytic NMN; N-Methyl-Nicotinamide NMR; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; 핵자기 공명술 NMS; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome NO3; 질산성산소 NOR; Nucleolar Organizing Region NP; Nucleoside Phosphorylase NPDL; Nodular Poorly Differentiated Lymphocytic NPH;   1) Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin     = Isophane Insulin Suspension   2) Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus NPN; Non-Protein Nitrogen; 비단백질소 NPO; Nulli(Non) Per Os; Nothing by Mouth; 금식 NPT; Nocturnal Penile Tumescence; 야간 음경 팽대 NR; Normal Range nr; ne repetatur; do not repeat; 반복을 금함 NREM; Non-Rapid Eye Movement NS;   1) Nephrotic Syndrome     1. Proteinuria       1) Adult; ≧ 3.5 gm/Day       2) 소아; > 40 mg/ml/hr     2. Hypoalbuminemia; < 2.5 gm/dL     3. Generalized Edema     4. Hyperlipidemia     5. Lipiduria(Fat Globule in Urine)   2) Nodular Sclerosis N/S; Normal Saline NSAID; Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs NSE; Neuron Specific Enolase NSR; Normal Sinus Rhythm NST; Non-Stress Test NT, Nt; NeuroTransmitter NTA;   1) Naso-Tracheal Aspiration   2) National Tuberculosis Association NTM; Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria NTV; Nervous Tissue Vaccine; 신경 조직 백신 NVD; Neck Vein Distension NVE; Native Valve Endocarditis NYHA; New York Heart Association   Heart Disease에 대한 Functional Classification   1. Class I; No Limitation of Physical Activity            ; 심장질환이 있으나 물리적 활동에 제약이 없음   2. Class II; Slight Limitation of Physical Activity             ; 물리적 활동에 약간의 제약, 일반적 활동시 과도한 피로, 심계항진, 호흡곤란, 협심증이 나타남     1) Class IIa; the patient can keep up with others walking on th flat but has limitation on more severe exercise such as climbing stairs     2) Class IIb; the patient has slight limitation on all forms of physical activity   3. Class III; Marked Limitation of Physical Activity              ; 물리적 활동에 현저한 제한, 일상적 활동보다 미약한 활동에 의해 과도한 피로, 심계항진, 호흡곤란, 협심증이 나타남   4. Class IV; Unable to carry on any Physical Activity without discomfort              ; 불편함 없이는 어떠한 물리적 활동도 시행못함 O2; Oxygen; 산소 OA; Osteo-Arthritis   = DJD O/A; Omentectomy & Appendectomy OAF; Osteoclast Activating Factor OB;   1) Occult Blood   2) OBstetrics; 산과학 OBS(?); Organic Brain Syndrome OC;   1) Osteo-Calcin   2) Oral Contraceptive OCA; Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism OCAA; Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma Associated Antigen; Serous Mucinous Ovarian Tumor에만 나타남 OCG; Oral Cholecysto-Graphy OCs; Oral Contraceptives OCT;   1) Ornithine Carbamyl Transferase   2) Oxytocin Challenge Test OD;   1) Doctor of Optometry   2) Oculus Dexter; Right Eye; 우측눈   3) Over-Dose ODT; Occlusive Dressing Technique; 밀봉 요법 OER; Oxygen Enhancement Ratio OFC; Occipito-Frontal Circumstance; 두위   = Head Circumstance OG; Osmolar Gap; 10 mOsm/kg   = measured Osm - calculated Osm OGTT; Oral Glucose Tolerance Test o.h.; omii hora; every hour; 매시간 OHA; Oral Hypoglycemic Agents OHS; Open Heart Surgery OKN; Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus OLA; Occipito Laevo Anterior; Left Occipito Anterior; 후두전좌측의 OM;   1) Otitis Media   2) Osteo-Myelitis OMI; Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor OP; Osteo-Pontin Op, op.; Operation; 수술 OPD; Out-Patient Department; 외래 OPP; Organo-Phosphorous Pesticide; 유기인제   1. Parathion   2. DDVP   3. Malathion   4. Ethion   5. Diazinon   6. Phorate ophth.; ophthalmology OPV; Oral Polio-Vaccine; 경구용 소아마비 백신 OR;   1) Operating Room; 수술실   2) Open Reduction O/R; Open Reduction Ortho.; Orthop(a)edics OS;   1) Opening Snap   2) Orthopedic(Osteo)-Surgery; 정형 외과   3) Oculus Sinister; Left Eye; 좌측 눈 OSA; Obstructive Sleep Apnea OT; Old Tuberculin OT test; Ortho-Toluidine test; 잔류 염소의 측정; 비색법   ; OT는 염소와 화합하여 생성하는데 두색의 농도를 표준색과 비교함으로써 잔류염소량을 측정하게 된다. OTC; Ornithine Trans-Carbamylase Oto.; Otology OU; Oculus Uterque; Each Eyes, Both Eyes; 두눈 다 Oz. oz.; ounce P;   1) Phosphorous   2) Pulse; 맥박 P.; Plasmodium; 말라리아 원충(속)   P. Falciparum; 열대열원충   P. Malariae; 사일열원충   P. Ovale; 난형열원충   P. Vivax; 삼일열원충 P2; Pulmonary Component of the Second Heart Sound(S2) PA;   1) Pernicious Anemia; 악성빈혈   2) Pulmonary Artery   3) Protective Antigen   4) Postero-Anterior; 배복의 PABA; Para(ρ)-Amino-Benzoic Acid PAC; Premature Atrial Contraction PaCO2; Carbon Dioxide Pressure; amount of CO2 in arterial Blood PAF; Platelet Activating Factor PAG; Peri-Aqueductal Gray PAGE; Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis PAH;   1) Para(p)-Amino-Hippurate   2) Primary Alveolar Hyperventilation PAh; Primary Alveolar hypoventilation   = PAH PAIg; Platelet Associated Ig PAM; 2-Pyridine Aldoxime Methiodide PAN;   1) Poly-Arteritis Nodosa; 결절성 다발성 동맥염   2) Peroxy-Acyl-Nitrate   3) Periarteritis Nodosa [HP 1323] PAO; Peak(ed) Acid Output PaO2; Oxygen Pressure; amount of O2 in arterial blood PAP;   1) Prostatic Acid Phosphatase; 전립성 산성 인산분해효소   2) Primary Atypical Pneumonia; 원발성 이형 폐렴   3) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Pap smear(= test); Papanicolaou smear(= test) PAPP; Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein Para.; Parere; to Bear; 출산 PAS;   1) Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain   2) Para-Amino-Salicyclic Acid     = PASA   3) Peripheral Anterior Synechia; 홍채주변 전유착   4) Pro Audio Spectrum PASA; Para-Amino-Salicyclic Acid   = PAS PAT; Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia PB; Peripheral Blood PBC; Primary Biliary Cirrhosis PBG; Porpho-Bilinogen PBI;   1) Penile Brachial Index   2) Protein-Bound Iodine; 단백 결합 요오드 PBPs; Penicillin-Binding Proteins PB test; Paul Bunnell test PC;   1) Phosphatidyl Choline   2) Pyruvate Carboxylase Pc; Penicillin p.c.; post cibum; after meals; 식후 PCA;   1) Passive Cutaneous Araphylaxis   2) Posterior Cerebral Artery PCG; Phono-Cardio-Gram; 심음도 PCH; Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria PCHA; Peri-Chloecystic Hepatic Activity PCI; Prophylatic Cranial Irradiation PCK; Poly-Cystic Kidney PCM; Protein Calorie Malnutrition   = PEM PCMV; Parietal Cell Mass Vagotomy PCN; Penicillin PCNA; Per-Cutaneous Needle Aspiration of lung PCO; Poly-Cystic Ovary PCOD; Poly-Cystic Ovary Disease   = Stein-Leventhal Syndrome P-COM; Posterior COMmunicating artery PCOS; Poly-Cystic Ovary(Ovarian) Syndrome PCP;   1) Phencyclidine     = Angel Dust   2) Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia PCR; Polymerase Chain Reaction Pcr; Plasma Creatinine PCT;   1) Post-Coital Test     = Sims-Hubner Test   2) Porphyria Cutanea Tarda; 만발성 피부 Porphyria PCV; Packed Cell Volume PCWP; Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure PD;   1) Peritoneal Dialysis   2) Personality Disorder PDA; Patent Ductus Arteriosus; 동맥관개존증(動脈管開存症)   ◉ CIx of Op     1. severe Pulmonary Vascular Disease     2. Eisenmenger's Disease PDE; Phospho-Di-Esterase PDGF-B; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-B PDHC; Pyruvate De-Hydrogenase Complex PDR; Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy; 증식성 당뇨 망막증 PDW; Platelet Distribution Width PE;   1) Physical Examination; 신체검사     = P/E   2) Pleural Effusion   3) Pericardial Effusion PE tube; Polyethylene Ventilating tube placed in the eardrum P/E; Physical Examination   = PE Ped.; Pediatrics; 소아과학 PEEP; Positive End-Expiratory Pressure   ◉ Ix     1. PaO2 < 60 mmHg, when FiO2 > 0.5     2. A-aDO2 > 300 mmHg        Shunt > 30 %(n; 5 %)     3. Adequate IV Volume     4. No Response to other Tx PEFR, PEF; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate PEG; Pneumo-Encephalo-Graphy PEM; Protein-Energy Malnutrition   = PCM; Protein Calorie Malnutrition PEMA; Phenyl-Ethyl-Malonanide PEP; Protein Electro-Phoresis PET; Positron Emission Tomography PEV; cis-Platinum, Etoposide, Vinblastine PF;   1) Platelet Factor   2) Pemphigus Foliaceus PFC; Persistent Fetal Circulation; 태아 순환 지속증   = PPHN PFO; Patent Foramen Ovale PFT;   1) Platelet Function Test   2) Pulmonary Function Test PG;   1) Prosta-Glandin   2) Plasma Glucose   3) Phosphatidyl Glycerol PGA; Poly-Glandular Autoimmune syndrome PGE2; Prosta-Glandin E2 PGV; Proximal Gastric Vagotomy PH; Past History; 과거력, 기왕력 Ph; Philadelphia pH; 수소이온농도지수; Hydrogen Ion or Degree of Acidity; 수소지수, 산도 PHA; Phyto-HemAgglutinin PhD; Philosophy Doctor phon; 음의 크기의 수준; 음의 고저와 감도   ; dB와 phon과의 관계는 주파수에 따라 달라지고 1,000 Hz에서 dB = phon이므로   ; 1,000 Hz 기준으로 해서 나타낸 dB PHP; Pseudo-Hypo-Parathyroidism PI;   1) Pulmonary Insufficience(Incompetence)     = PR   2) Phosphatidyl Inositol PICA; Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery   ; Obstruction시에 Wallenberg's Syndrome(= Lateral Medullary Syndrome) PID;   1) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; 골반 염증성 질환 [Chap 89, HP 534-8]   2) Plasma Iron Disappearance PIE;   1) Post-Infectious Encephalomyelitis   2) Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema; 폐간질기종   3) Pulmonary Infiltration with Eosinophil PIF;   1) Proliferation Inhibitory Factor   2) Prolactin release Inhibiting Factor PIH; Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Pil., pil; Pilula; Pill; 환약 PIP; Proximal Inter-Phalangeal PIP2; Phosphatidyl-Inositol 4,5-bi-Phosphate PIP joint; Proximal Inter-Phalangeal joint PIPE test; PIT; Plasma Iron Turnover P-J syndrome; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome PK;   1) Poly Klinic   2) Pyruvate Kinase P-K syndrome; Paterson-Kelly syndrome PK test; Prausnitz-Ku:stner test PKD; Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency PKU; Phenyl-Keton-Uria; 페닐케톤뇨증 PL; PLatelet phospholipid PLA2; PhosphoLipase A2 PLD; POtentially Lethal Damage PLT; Primed Lymphocyte Typing PM;   1) Polymyositis   2) afternoon; 오후 PMC; Pseudo-Membranous Colitis PMD; Progressive Muscular Dystrophy; 진행성 근이영양증   Types of PMD(Progressive Muscular Dystrophy; 진행성 근이영양증)     1. Duchenne Type; mc     2. Limb-Girdle Type     3. Fascio-Scapulo-Humeral Type     4. Distal Type     5. Ophthalmoplegic Type PMF; Progressive Massive Fibrosis   = Silicosis PMI;   1) Point of Maximal Impulse(= Intensity)   2) Proportional Mortality Index; 비례 사망자수(%)       50 세 이상의 사망자수     = ꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚ  X  100           전체 사망자수 PMN; Poly-Morpho-Nuclear Leukocytes PMNL; Poly-Morpho-Nuclear neutrophilic Leukocyte PMR; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation PMS; Pre-Menstrual Syndrome PN;   1) Pyelo-Nephritis   2) Practical Nurse; 준간호사(準看護師) Pn, pn; pneumonia PND; Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea PNE; Practical Nurse's Education; 준간호사교육(準看護師敎育) PNET; Primitive Neuro-Ectodermal(-Epithelial) Tumor PNH; Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria PNI; Prognostic Nutritional Index PNL; Percutaneous Nephro-Lithotomy(= -Litholapaxy, = -Lithotripsy) PNS; Peripheral Nervous System; PNT; Paroxysmal Nodal Tachycardia PO, p.o.;   1) Per Os; by mouth; 구강으로, 경구로   2) Phone Order; 전화지시   3) Post Operative; 수술후 POA;   1) Pancreatic Oncofetal Antigen   2) Problem Oriented Approach POD; Post-Operative Day POEMS syndrome   Polyneuropathy   Organomegaly   Endocrinopathy   M proteins   Skin change syndrome POMC; Pro-Opio-Melano-Cortin POMD; Problem-Oriented Medical Diagnosis POMR; Problem Oriented Medical Record; 문제 지향식(중심식) 진료 기록 POR; Problem Oriented Record PP;   1) Presenting Part   2) Plasma-Pheresis   3) Pancreatic Polypeptide   4) erythropoetic Proto-Porphyria PP2; 2 Hrs Post-Prandial plasma glucose Level P-P factor; Pellagra Preventive factor   = Vitamin G PPC; Proximal Palmar Crease PPDs; (Tuberculin) Purified Protein Derivatives PPDA; Para-phenylene Di-Amine PPDR; Pre-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PPF; Plasma Protein Fraction PP5; Placental Protein 5 PPHN; Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn; 신생아 폐동맥 고혈압 존속증   = PFC PPHP; Pseudo-Pseudo-Hypo-Parathyroidism PPL; Penicilloyl Poly-Lysine PPM, ppm, p.p.m.; Parts Per Million; 100만분의 1; 기체또는기체화의 공업독물을 측정할때 사용하는 농도의 단위                22.4   = mg/m2 x ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ               분자량 PPNG; Penicillinase-Producing NG PPRF; Pontine Paramedian Reticular Formation PR;   1) Pulmonary Regurgitation     = PI   2) Partial Response   3) Pulse Rate PRA;   1) Plasma Renin Activity   2) Phospho-Ribosyl-Amine PRCA; Pure Red Cell Aplasia PRF; Prolactin-Releasing Factor PRIST;    ; Total IgE Test PRL; Prolactin p.r.n.; pro re nata; as necessary(= needed); 필요시, 필요한만큼 PRNT; Plaque Reduction Neutrolization Test PROM;   1) Premature Rupture of Amniotic Membrane; < Labor Onset   2) Preterm Rupture of Amniotic Membrane; < 38 wk PRP;   1) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis   2) Platelet Rich Plasma   3) Poly-Ribo-Phosphate   4) Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation; 범안저 광응고술 PRPP; Phospho-Ribosyl-Pyro-Phosphate PRSL; Potential Renal Solute Load PS;   1) Pulmonary Stenosis   2) Performance Status PSA; Prostate(Prostatic)-Specific Antigen; 전립선 특이 항원 PSB; Protected double-Sheathed Brush PSC; Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis PSD; Posterior Sagital Distance PSE; Present State Examination; WHO에서 고안 PSGN; Post-Streptococcal Glomerulo-Nephritis PSIS; Posterior Superior Iliac Spine; 상후장골극, 위뒤장골가시 PSP;   1) Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning; 조개 중독   2) Pregnant Specific Protein PSP test; Phenol-Sulfon-Phthalein test PS test; Pancreozymin-Secretion test   = combined secretin-CCK test PSVT; Paroxysmal Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia   ◉ Tx     1. Carotid Massage or Vagal Stimulation     2. Verapamil     3. Propranol or Digitalis     4. Procainamide; Reentry PSVT시 PT;   1) Prothrombin Time   2) Physical Therapy; 물리요법   3) Pulmonary Trunk Pt., pt.; Patient pt.; pint; 파인트 PTA;   1) Prior To Admission   2) Plasma Thromboplatin Antecedent PTB cast; Patella Tendon Bearing cast; 슬개건부하석고붕대(膝蓋腱負荷石膏繃帶) PTBD; Percutaneous Transhepatic Bile Drainage PTC;   1) Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography     = PTHC   2) Plasma Thromboplastin Component     = Christmas Factor     = Factor IX   3) Porphyria Cutanea Tarda PTCA;   1) Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty     ; 경피적 경혈관 관상동맥 확장술   2) Percutaneous Transmural Coronary Angioplasty PTE; Pulmonary ThromboEmbolism PTH; ParaThyroid Hormone PTH-rP; ParaThyroid Hormone related Protein PTHC; Percutaneous Trans-Hepatic Cholangiography(-gram)   = PTC PTP; Post-Transfusion Purpura PTSD; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; 외상후 스트레스 장애 PTSG; Partial Thickness Skin Graft PTT; Partial Thromboplastin Time PTU; Prophyl-Thio-Uracil PTVO; Percutaneous Transhepatic Variceal Obliteration pulv.; pulvis; Powder; 분제, 가루약 PUN; Plasma Urea Nitrogen; 혈장 요소 질소 PUV; Posterior Urethro-Vesical angle PUVA; Psoralen & Ultra Violet A PV; Polycythemia Vera Pv; Prevention; 예방 P-V syndrome; Plummer-Vinson syndrome PVB; Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Bleomycin PVC; Premature Ventricular Contraction(s)   = VEB   ◉ Ix of Tx     1. Symptomatic PVC     2. Asymptomatic PVC       1) R on T       2) Multifocal PVCs       3) PVC > 5/min       4) Bigeminal Pattern       5) Couplets & Salvos ≧ 3 PVE; Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis PVR; Pulmonary Vascular Resistance PVT; Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia PWN; Poke-Weed Mitogen PWP; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure Px; Prognosis PYP; PYro-Phosphate Pz; Pancreozymin PZA; PyraZinAmide PZI; Protamine Zinc Insulin QCT; Quantitative Computed Tomography q.d.; quaque die; Once a Day, Every Day; 하루 한번, 매일 q.h.; quaque hora; Every Hour; 매시간 q.2h.; Every 2(Two) Hour; 매 2시간마다 QID, qid, q.i.d.; Quarter In Die; Four Times a Day; 하루 네번, 1일 4회(一日四回) q.l.; quantum libet; as much as desired; 필요한 만큼 q.m.; quaque matin; Every Morning; 매일 아침 q.n.; quaque nox; Every Night; 매일 밤 q.n.s.; quantity not sufficiency; 양부족 Qp/Qs     Ao - SVC   = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ     PV - PA(O2 Saturation, %) q.q.h.; quaque quarta hora; Every Four Hours; 매 4시간마다 q.s.; quantum satis; sufficient quantity; 충분한 양 R; Respiration; 호흡 R.; Rickettia; 리케치아(속)   R. Typhi; 발진열리케치아 RA;   1) Refractory Anemia   2) Rheumatoid Arthritis ⇨ Arthritis   3) Right Atrium RAA; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone RAD; Right Axis Deviation; 우축 편위 rad; radiation absorbed dose RADP; Right Acromio-Dorso-Posterior RAE; Right Atrial Enlargement RAEB; Refractory Anemia with Excess of Blasts RAEB-T; Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation RAF; Receptor Accessory Factor RAH; Right Atrial Hypertrophy RAIU; Radio-Active Iodine Uptake 방법; 소량(5 - 10 uCi)의 131I을 경구투여후 2, 6, 12, 24시간등 일정한 시간 경과후 갑상선에서의 섭취율을 측정하는 것으로 전반적인 갑상선 기능상태를 측정하는 검사법 ; 정상치는 식사내 옥소 섭취의 정도에 따라 다르나 10 - 40 %(24시간)을 기준으로 한다.   증가하는 경우   1. 옥소 결핍(Iodine Deficiency)   2. 갑상선 기능항진증     1) Graves Disease    2) Toxic Adenoma   3. TSH가 상승되어 있는 경우     1) 갑상선 기능저하증의 초기     2) 갑상선 호르몬 합성억제   감소하는 경우   1. 옥소 과잉상태   2. 갑상선 기능저하증   3. 갑상선 중독저하증(Thyrotoxicosis)     1) Subacute Thyroiditis     2) Painless Thyroiditis or Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis     3) Thyrotoxicosis Factitia     4) 이소성 갑상선의 기능항진       1> Struma Ovarii       2> Substernal Thyroid의 기능항진       3> 전이된 갑상선암의 기능항진     5) Iodide induced Thyrotoxicosis RAPD; Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect RARS; Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblast   = AISA RAS;   1) Reticular Activating(Activation) System   2) Renal Artery Stenosis RAST; Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test   ; Specific IgE Test RAW; Resistance of Airway; 기도저항 RBBB; Right Bundle Branch Block RBC; Red Blood Cell (Count); 적혈구, 적혈구수 RBCA; Right Brachio-Cephalic(Innominate) Artery RBE; Relative Biological Effectiveness RBF; Renal Blood Flow RBL; Respiratory Bronchiole RBP; Retinol Binding Protein rCBF; regional Cerebral Blood Flow R-C sign(spot); Red Cherry sign(spot) RCA; Right Coronary Artery RCC; Right Common Carotid artery RDC; Research Diagnostic Criteria; 연구진단 기준 RDI; Respiratory Disturbance Index RDS; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; 호흡 곤란 증후군 RDW; Red cell Distribution Width RE; Regional Enteritis ReA; Reactive Arthritis REM;   1) Rapid Eye Movement; 급속 안구 운동   2) Radiation Equivalent to Man rem; Roentgen Equivalent Man   1 rem = 1 rad x RBE RER; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RES; Reticulo-Endothelial System Resp.; Respiration; 호흡성 RF;   1) Renal Failure   2) Rheumatic Fever ⇨  Rheumatic Fever   3) Right Foot RFI; Renal Failure Index            Urine Na    = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ       Urine Cr / Plasma Cr RFLPs; Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms; 제한효소단편장다형 RFP; RiFamPin RFT; Renal Function Test RGB; Red, Green, Blue RGM; Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria rGM-CSF; recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor RGP; Retro-Grade Pyelography RGU; Retro-Grade Urethrogram Rh; Rhesus; Rhesus Monkey(Rh Blood Type); 리저스 원숭이(Rh식 혈액형) RHA; Right Hepatic Artery RhoGAM; Rho(D) Immuno-Globulin RI; Regular Insulin RIA; Radio-Immuno-Assay; 방사 면역법 RIBA; Recombinant Immuno-Blot Assay RIF; Rifampin RIG; Rabies Immune Globulin RIND; Residual(= Reversible) Ischemic Neurologic Deficit RIP; Respiratory Inversion Point RIPA; Radio-Immuno(= Immune)-Precipitation(Precipitin) Assay RIST; Radio-Immuno-Sorbent Test RLL; Right Lower Lobe(of Lung) RLQ; Right Lower Quadrant; 우측하부 4분의 1 RMA; Right Mento-Anterior RMB; Right Main Bronchus RMP; Right Mento-Posterior RMR; Resting Metabolic Rate   = Resting Energy Expenditure RMSF; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever RN; Registered Nurse; 등록(면허)간호사 RNA; Ribo-Nucleic Acid RND; Radical Neck Dissection RNS test; Repetitive Nerve Stimulation test ROA; Right Occipito-Anterior ROC; Receptor Operated Channel ROM;   1) Range Of Motion; 운동범위   2) Rupture Of amniotic Membrane ROP;   1) Retinopathy Of Prematurity; 미숙아 망막증     = Retinolental Fibroplasia; 수정체후 섬유 망막증   2) Right Occipito-Posterior ROT; Right Occipito-Transverse RP; Retrograde Pyelogram RPA; Right Pulmonary Artery RPF; Renal Plasma Flow RPGN; Rapidly Progressive Glomerulo-Nephritis RPI; Reticulocyte Production Index RPLND; Retro-Peritoneal Lymph Node Dissection RPM, rpm; Revolutions Per Minute; 분당회전수, 원심분회 RPO; Right Posterior Oblique view RPR; Rapid Plasma Reagin RPTA; Renal Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty RR;   1) Respiratory Rate   2) Relative Risk; 비교위험도          위험인자에 Exposed된 Group의 Incidence     = ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ       위험인자에 Non-Exposed된 Group의 Incidence RS cell; Reed Sternberg cell RS virus; Respiratory Synthitial virus RSB; Right Sternal Border RSDS; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome RSP; Rapid Sequence IVP RSSP; Russian Spring-Summer Panencephalitis RST; Reagin Screen Test RT; Rebound Tenderness RTA; Renal Tubular Acidosis RT3; Resin T3 rT3; reverse T3 RT3U; Resin T3 Uptake rt-PA; recombinant tissue-Plasminogen Activator   = Alteplase RTx; Radiotherapy RUL; Right Lower Lobe(of Lung) RUQ; Right Upper Quadrant; 우측상부 4분의 1 RV;   1) Residual Volume   2) Right Ventricle RVE; Right Ventricular Enlargement RVG; Radionuclide Ventriculo-Gram RVH; Right Ventricular Hypertrophy RVOT; Right Ventricle Outflow Tract RVT; Renal Vein Thrombosis RWMA; Regional Wall Motion Abnormality Rx; Recipe; Take(Prescription); 취하다.(처방전) Rxn; Reaction S.;   1) Staphylococcus; 포도구균(속)     S. albus; 백색포도상구균     S. aureus; 황색포도상구균     S. epidermis; 표피포도상구균   2) Streptococcus; 연쇄구균(속)     S. hemolyticus; 용혈연쇄구균     S. pyogenes; 화농성연쇄구균     S. viridans; 녹색연쇄구균 s~; sine; without; ~외에 S1; First Heart Sound S2; Second Heart Sound SA;   1) Sideroblastic Anemia   2) Sino-Atrial SA node; Sino-Atrial node; 동방결절(洞房結節)   = SAN   RA의 posterior wall에 위치 SAA;   1) Severe Aplastic Anemia   2) Serum Amyloid A protein SAB; Sub-Arachnoidal Block SACH foot; Solid-Ankle Cushion Heel foot SACT; Sinus Atrial Conduction Time SAD; Seasional Affective Disorder; 계절성 정동 장애 SADS; Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia; 미국 고안 SAH; Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage; (뇌)지주막하출혈   ◉ Complications     1. Ischemic Focal Defect     2. Rebleeding; < 24 Hr; 1 - 2 Days     3. Vasospasm; 3 - 4 Day째 시작     4. Communicating Hydrocephalus     5. Electrolyte Imbalance SAICAR; Succinyl-Amino-Imidazole Carbox-Amide Ribotide SAM; Systolic Anterior Motion( of mitral valve); 수축기 전방 운동 SAN; Sino-Atrial Node; 동방결절   = SA node SAP; Serum Amyloid Plasma component SBB; Sudan Black B SBE; Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis; 아급성 세균성 심내막염 SBP; Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis SB tube; Sengstaken-Blakemore tube S.C.; Sub Cutis; Sub-Cutaneous(ly) injection; 피하로, 피하주사 SCA; Superior Cerebellar Artery SCAMC; Symphosia on Computer Applications in Medical Care SCC;   1) Sude Chain-Cleavage Complex   2) Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCD;   1) Sickle Cell Disease   2) Subacute Combined Degeneration SCE; Sister Chromatid Exchange; 자매염색부체 교환 SC joint; Sterno-Clavicular joint SCID; Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency; 중증 복합 면역 결핍증 SCL-90; Symptom Check List-90 SCLC; Small Cell Lung Ca SCLE; Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus SCM; Sterno-Cleido-Mastoid muscle SCMCT; Sperm Cervical Mucus Contact Test SCT; Sentence Completion Test; 문장 완성 검사 SCUF; Slow Continous Ultra-Filtration SD; Standard Deviation; 표준편차 S/D ratio; Systolic / Diastolic ratio SDH; Sub-Dural Hematoma; 경뇌막하혈종 SDS-PAGE; Sodium DodecylSulfate-PolyacrylAmide Gel Electrophoresis SE; Side Effect Sed. Rate; Sedimentation Rate; 침강 속도   = SR SEP; Sensory Evoked Potential SER;   1) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum   2) Sedimentation Erythrocyte Rate   3) Somatosensory Evoked Response SES; Sick Euthyroid Syndrome SET; Singlephoton Emission Tomography   = SPECT 17-OHCS; 17-OH(Hydroxy)-Corticosteroid 17-KS; 17-Keto-Steroid SFD; Small For Dates SFV; Semliki Forest Virus SG; Specific Gravity SGA; Small for Gestational Age; 부당 경량아 S-G catheter; Swan-Ganz catheter; s.gl.; without correction without glasses SGOT; Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase   = AST SGPT; Serum Glutamate(Glutamic) Pyruvate(Pyruvic Acid) Transaminase   = ALT SH; Serum Hepatitis SHBG; Sex Hormone Binding Globulin SI; System of International Units  (Systeme International D'unites) SI joint; Sacro-Iliac joint SIADH; Syndrome of Inappropriate secretion of Anti-Diuretic Hormone; 항이뇨 호르몬 분비 이상 증후군 SIBC; Saturation Iron Binding Capacity SIDS; Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; 영아 돌연사 증후군   = Crib Death 6-TG; 6-Thio-Guanine SK;   1) Strepto-Kinase   2) Sub SLD; Sub-Lethal Damage SLE; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; 전신성 홍반성 루푸스(낭창)(全身性紅斑性) SLR test; Straight Leg Raising test SM; Strepto-Mycin SMA;   1) Smooth Muscle Antibodies   2) 척수성 근위축증   3) Superior Mesenteric Artery SMBG; Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose SMD; Spine Malleolar Distance SMDS; Sudden Manhood Death Syndrome; 청장년 급사 증후군 SMR;   1) Sex Maturity Rating;성(性)성숙도   2) Standarized Mortality Ratio SMX; Sulfamethoxazole SNGFR; Single Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rate SNRT; Sinus Node Recovery Time SO2; 이산화황, 아황산가스; 식물파괴 SO3; 아황산 SOB; Shortness Of Breath; 호흡 촉박 SOD; Super-Oxide Dismutase SOL; Space Occupying Lesion Sol.; Solution SOM; Suppurative Otitis Media sone; 소음의 크기의 양적 단위; 감각량   1 sone; 1,000 Hz 의 순음이 40 dB일때 SOREM; Sleep Onset Rapid Eye Movement SOS, S.O.S.; 위급시 SP; Substance P SP1; pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein SPA;   1) Single Photon Absorptiometry   2) Sperm Penetration Assay SPC; Supra-Pubic Cystostomy SPD; Storage Pool Disease SPECT; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography   = SET sp.gr.; specific gravity; 비중 SPR; Schizophrenia SPS; Sleep Promoting Substance SQ; Social Quotient; 사회지수 SR;   1) Sinus Rhythm   2) Sedimentation Rate; 침강 속도     = Sed. Rate   3) Systemic Review SRIF; Somatotropin Release-Inhibitory Factor   = Somatostatin SRS-A; Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis SS; Suspended Solid; 수중의 부수성 물질의 양(≦ 70 ppm) ss; semis; one half; 반 s.s.; soap solution; 비눗물 SSA; Sulfo-Salicylic Acid SSc; Systemic Sclerosis SSPE; Subacute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis SSS; Sick Sinus Syndrome   = Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome SSSS; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ST; heat-Stable enteroToxin staph.; staphylococcus; 포도상구균 stat.; statim; Immediately; 즉시 STD;   1) Sexual Transmitted Disease   2) STanDards STDs; Sexual Transmitted Diseases [Chap 88, HP 534-43] STH; Somato-Tropic Hormone strep.; streptococcus; 연쇄상구균 STS; Serologic(al) Test(s) for Syphilis; 매독혈청시험 STSG; Split Thickness Skin Graft SV; Stroke Volume SVC;   1) Superior Vena Cava   2) Super-Visor Call SVR; Systemic Venous Resistance SVT; Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia; 심실성 빈맥 syr.; syrupus; syrup Sz; Seizure T;   1) Testosterone   2) Tenderness   3) Thoracic Vertebrae     T1; 1st Thoracic Vertebrae     T2; 2nd Thoracic Vertebrae   4) Temperature; 온도 TA; Tricuspid Atresia Tab; Tabella; Tablet; 정제 TAE; Trans-Arterial(-Catheter) Embolization   Angiography와 동시에 Gel Form과 CTx Agent의 Mixed material을 Shooting하여 Cancer 부위의 Infarction, Necrosis및 Local CTx Effect를 얻을수 있다. TAH; Total Abdominal Hysterectomy TAHL; Thick Ascending limb of Henle's Loop TAO; Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans   = Buerger's Disease TAPVC; Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection; 전폐정맥 연결이상   = Transposition of the Pulmonary Vein   = TAPVR TAPVR; Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return   = TAPVC   4 Types of TAPVR   1. Supracardiac Type; mc; > 45 %   2. Intracardiac Type   3. Infracardiac Type   4. Mixed Type TAR; Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius TAT;   1) Thematic Apperception Test; 주제 통각 검사   2) (Equine) Tetanus Anti-Toxin; 항독소 테타누스   3) Toxin Anti-Toxin; 독소 항독소 혼합액 TB, Tb; TuBerculosis; 결핵   = Tbc   ◉ CIX of Op     1. Pulmonary Function ⇓     2. Ventilatory Insufficiency     3. Debiliterating Disease     4. Endobronchial TB Tb; biologic Half-Life TBB; TransBronchial Biopsy Tbc; Tuberculosis   = TB, Tb TBG; Thyroxine-Binding Globulin TBI; Total Body Irradiation TBII; TSH Binding Inhibiting(= Inhibition) Immunoglobulin TBL; Terminal Bronchiole TBLB; Trans-Bronchial Lung Biopsy TBNA; Trans-Bronchial Needle Aspiration TBPA; Thyroxine Binding PreAlbumin TBW; Total Body Water; 몸의 총수분 TC, Tc; Tetra-Cycline Tc cell; cytotoxic T cell 99mTc; radioactive Technetium(used in Brain Skull, Thyroid, Liver, Spleen, Bone & Lung scans) TCA; Tri-Cyclic Antidepressants; 삼환계 항우울제 TCBS; Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salt Sucrose agar TCC; Transitional Cell Cancer TCP; Toxin Coregulated Pilus TD;   1) Tumor Dose   2) Tetanus Diphtheria toxoid TD; Tetanus & Diphtheria toxoids TDF; Testicular-Determining Factor   = HY Factor TDI; Toluene Di-Isocyanate TDT, Tdt, TdT; Terminal deoxynucleotidal Transferase TE; Time to Echo Te; effective Half-Life TEA; Thrombo-End-Arterectomy TeBG; Testosterone-Binding Globulin TEF; Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula   ◉ Tx     1. Infant Warmer     2. Head Down Position(Rickham's Board)     3. IV Therapy     4. Antibiotics     5. Suction in Upper Pouch     6. 수술은 대개 입원후 24 Hr 이내에 시행 TEN; Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis TENS; Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation TFM; Trans-Formational Migrane TFT; Tri-Fluoro-Thymidine TG; TriGlyceride TGA; Transposition of Great Arteries TGHA; Thyro-Globulin Hem-Agglutination TGF; Transforming Growth Factor Th cell; helper T cell(= T4 cell) THA; Tetra-Hydro-Aminoacridine TI; Tricuspid Insufficient   = TR TIA; Transient Ischemic Attack; Temporary Interference with the blood supply to the brain TIBC; Total Iron Binding Capacity TID, tid, t.i.d; ter in die; three times a day; 하루 세번 TIG: (human) Tetanus Immune(Immuno-) Globulin; 파상풍 인간 면역 글로불린 TIL; Tumor Infiltrate Lymphocyte tinct.; tinctura; tincture; 팅크제 TIPSS; Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stant, Shunt TIQS; Tetrahydro-IsoQuinolones TLC; Total Lung Capacity TLE; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy; 측두엽 간질   = Psychomotor Epilepsy; 정신 운동 간질   = Temporolimbic Epilepsy; 측두 변연계 간질 TLI; Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity TLV; Threshold Limit Value TLV-C; Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling   = MAC(Maximum Allowable Concentration)   ; 잠시라도 폭로되어서는 안되는 량 TLV-STEL; Threshold Limit Value-STEL; 단시간 최대허용량   ; 15분간 폭로되면서 자극증상, 조직손상등을 초래하지 않는 최대 농도, 1 일에 4회 이상이 되어서는 안되며 폭로와 폭로사이는 적어도 60 분의 간격을 두어야함 TLV-TWA; Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average   ; 1 일 8 시간 주 40시간(미국), 주 48시간(한국, 일본)을 기준으로 한 평균농도 Tm; maximum Tubular Transport TM joint; Temporo-Mandibular joint TMA; Tri-Methoxy Amphetamine TMP; Trimethoprim TMP/SMX; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole(= Bactrim) TMR; The Medical Record TNF; Tumor Necrosis Factor; 종양 괴사 인자 TNM staging System; standard Tumor, NOde & Metastasis staging system TOA; Tubo-Ovarian Abscess TOC; Treatment Of Choice TOF;   1) Tetralogy Of Fallot     ◉ CIx of Corrective Op       1. LV Hypoplasia       2. Coronary Artery Anomaly       3. Pulmonary Artery Hypoplasia   2) Train of Four TOPV; Trivalent Oral Polio(myelitis) Vaccine; 경구용 소아마비 혼합백신 TORCH; TOxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes, syphilis Tp; Physical Half-Life tPA; tissue Plasminogen Activator TPHA test; Treponema Pallidum Hem-Agglutination test TPI test; Treponema Pallidum Immobilization test TPN; Total Parenteral Nutrition; 총정맥영양법 TPO; Thyroid Per-Oxidase TPP;   1) Thiamine diPhos-Phate   2) Total Plasma Protein TPR; Temperature, Pulse & Respiration; 온도, 맥박, 호흡 TR;   1) Tricuspid Regurgitation     = TI   2) Therapeutic Ratio TRAP; Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase TRD; TRophoblast Disease TRH; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone TRNB; Transient Respiratory distress of New Born TRP; Tubular Reabsorption of Phosphate T/RT; Tenderness/Rebound Tenderness TS;   1) Tricuspid Stenosis   2) Tuberous Sclerosis     = Bourneville's Disease   3) Transferrin Saturation Ts cell; suppressor T cell(= T8 cell) TSA; Transsphenoidal Adenoidectomy(= Approach) TSAb; Thyroid Stimulating Ab TSCT; Thin Section Computed Tomography   = HRCT TSD; Tay-Sachs Disease TSEB; Total Skin Electron Beam TSH; Thyrotropin(Thyroid) Stimulating Hormone   = Thyrotropin TSHRF; Thyrotropin(Thyroid) Stimulating Hormone Releasing Factor   = Thyrotropin Releasing Factor TSI;   1) Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin   2) Triple Sugar Iron agar TSS; Toxic Shock Syndrome TSST-1; Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1   = Enterotoxin type F TT;   1) Thrombin Time   2) Transient Thyrotoxicosis TTA; Trans-Tracheal Aspiration TTN; Transient Tachypnea of Newborn; 신생아 일과성 빈호흡   = Wet Lung Disease; 부종폐증   = RDS-type II TTNB; Transient Tachypnea of New Born TTP; Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura TTT; Thymol Turbidity Test TU; Tuberculin Unit TUR; Trans-Urethral Resection; 경요도 절제술 TURP; Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate; 요도식 (전립선) 절제술 TV;   1) Tricuspid Valve   2) Tidal Volume     = VT TVH; Trans-Vaginal Hysterectomy T1 WI; T1 Weighted Image T2 WI; T2 Weighted Image 2-CDA; 2-ChloroDeoxyAdenosine 2-DE; 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis Tx; Treatment U; Unit; 단위 U/A; UrinAalysis UC;   1) Ulcerative Colitis   2) Uterine Contraction U/C; Urine Culture UCB; UnConjugated Bilirubin U/D; Undifferentiated UDC; Urso-Deoxy-Cholic acid   = UDCA UDCA; Urso-Deoxy-Cholic Acid   = UDC UDP; Uridine Di-Phosphate U/E; Upper Extremity UES; Upper Esophageal Sphincter; 상부 식도 괄약근 UESP; Upper Esophageal Sphincter Prssure UGF; Urinary Gonadotropin Fragment UGI; Upper Gastro-Intestinal UGIS; Upper Gastro-Intestinal Series UHT; Ultra High Temperature Pasteurization   ; 우유를 88 ℃ 이상에서 순간적(1 sec 이상)으로 가열 UICC; Union Internationale Contrele Cancer UIP; Usual Interstitial Pneumonia UK; Uro-Kinase ULQ; Upper Left Quadrant; 좌측상부 4분의 1 UMN; Upper Motor Neuron UN; United Nations; 국제연합 UNESCO; United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization; 국제연합교육과학문화기구 ung.; unguentum; ointment; 연고 UNICEF; United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; 국제연합아동구호기금 UNTC; United Nations Trustee Council; 국제 연합신탁통치이사회 UO; Urine Output; 소변량 UP; Uremic Pericarditis UPI; Utero-Placental Insufficiency UPJ; Uretero-Pelvic Junction UPP; Urethral Pressure Profile; 요도 내압 UPPP; Uvulo-Palato-Pharyngo-Plasty URI; Upper Respiratory Infection; 상기도 감염 LRQ; Left Right Quadrant; 우측상부 4분의 1 URT; Upper Respiratory Tract US; Ultra-Sonography USG; Ultra-Sono-Graphy USO; Unilateral Salping-Oophorectomy USP; United States Pharmacopeial convention   = United States Pharmacopeia; 미국 약전 USP DI; United States Pharmacopeial convention Dispensing Information USPHS; United States Public Health Service USR; Unheated Serum Reagin UTI; Urinary Tract Infection; 비뇨기계 감염 UVA; Ultra Violet A UVB; Ultra Violet B UW solution; University of Wisconsin solution V.; Vibrio   V. Cholerae; 콜레라균   V. Parahaemolyticus; 장염비브리오   V. Proteus   V. Vulnificus VA shunt; Ventriculo-Atrial shunt VAB-6; Vinblastine, Actinomycin D, Bleomycin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide VAN; Vein, Artery, Nerve의 순으로 VAS; Valvular Aortic Stenosis VAT;   1) Ventricular Activation Time   2) Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy VATER Associations;   Vertebral defects   Anal atresia   Tracheo-Esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia   Radial &/or Renal dysplasia Associations VC; Vital Capacity VCA; Viral Capsid Antigen VCPI; Virtual Control Program Interface VCU; Voiding Cysto-Urethrogram   = VCUG VCUG; Voiding Cysto-Urethro-Gram   = VCU VD, V.D.; Venereal Disease; 성병(性病) Vd; Volume of Distribution; 분포용적 VDRE; Vitamin D Responsive Element VDRL; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; 미국 성병 연구소 VDRL test; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (slide) test VE;   1) Valve Endocarditis   2) Value Edition   3) Vaginal Examination VEB; Ventricular Ectopic Beat   = PVC VEP; Visual Evoked Potential VER; Visual Evoked Response VF;   1) Ventricular Fibrillation     ◉ Tx of Ventricular Fibrillation a/c R on T Phenomenon       1. Defibrillation; 200 - 300 J       2. Drugs         1) Epinephrine         2) Lidocaine         3) Bicarbonate         4) Bretylium Tosylate   2) Vocal Fremitus   3) Visual Field Vf;   1) Ventricular flutter   2) Visual field VFD; Visual Field Defect VGA; Video Graphic(s) Array VH; Ventricular Hypertrophy VHD; Valvular Heart Disease VHL; Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome   = Cerebelloretinal Hemangioblastomatosis VI; Visual Identity VIC; Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture VIP; Vasoactive Intestinal (Poly)Peptide VLCFA; Very Long Chain Fatty Acids VLDL; Very Low Density Lipoprotein VMA; Vanil(Vanillyl)-Mandelic Acid v.o.; verbal order; 구두지시 VOR; Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex VP;   1) Variegate Porphyria; 발문상 Porphyria   2) Viral Protein VP shunt; Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt VP test; Voges-Proskauer test VPB; Ventricular Premature Beat VPC;   1) Ventricular Premature Contraction   2) Vertical Palmar Crease VPDs; Ventricular Premature Depolarizations V/S; Vital Signs; 활력증후   1. Body Temperature; 체온   2. Blood Pressure; 혈압   3. Heart Rate; 심박수   4. Respiratory; 호흡수 VSC; Voltage Sensitive Channel VSD; Ventricular Septal Defect   ◉ Types of VSD     1. Subpulmonic(= Supracristal) Type     2. Perimembranous(70 - 80 %); mc       TV의 Ant. Septal Commissure바로 밑에 생김     3. A-V Canal     4. Muscular   ◉ Operation     1. Large VSD(Qp/Qs > 1.5 : 1)     2. Sx있을때     3. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis     4. AR    * PVR; 5 - 8 μ/m2; Dx 즉시 Op.           > 10 μ/m2;Eisenmenger의미 Not Op. VT; Ventricular Tachycardia VT; Tidal Volume   = TV VUR; Vesico-Urethral(Ureteral) Reflux VU shunt; Ventriculo-Ureteral shunt vWD; von Willebrand Disease vWF; von Willebrand Factor VZIG; Varicella Zoster Immuno-Globulin; 수두대상 포진 면역 글로불린 VZV; Varicella Zoster Virus WAIS; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; 웩슬러 성인용 지능 검사 WAGR syndrome;   Wilms's Tumor   Aniridia   Genital Anomalies   Mental Deficiency syndrome WBC, wbc; White Blood Cell (Count); 백혈구, 백혈구수 WBGT index; Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer index   = 0.7tw + 0.3k{(tg-ta)oK + ta}   ta; 건구온도   tg; 흑구온도   tw; 습구온도   oK; 태양열흡열계수 WDB; Withdrawl Delayed Bleeding WDHA Syndrome; Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria Syndrome   = Pancreatic Cholera (Syndrome)   = VIPoma   = Verner-Morrison Syndrome   = Diarrheogenic Syndrome WHO; World Health Organization; 세계보건기구 WHO ORS; World Health Organization Oral Rehydration Solution osmolality 330; 세계보건기구 경구 수액 용액 WISC; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; 웩슬러 소아용 지능 검사 WISC-R; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised; 웩슬러 소아용 지능 검사 WNL; Within Normal Limit(?) WPPSI; Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence WPW Syndrome ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome   ◉ CIx     1. Drugs; AV Conduction Block 초래, 오히려 Bypass Conduction을 조장하여 VF유발 가능한 약제들       1) Verapamil       2) Digitalis       3) Propranolol   ◉ Tx     1. Hemodynamic Stable       1) Procainamide; DOC       2) Lidocaine     2. Hemodynamic Unstable       1) DC Cardioversion wrt; with respect to W/U; Work Up Xi; inactive X Chromosome XL;   1) X-Linked   2) Extra Large XLP; X-Linked Lymphoproliferative XLSA; X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia YSR; Year Survival Rate ZDV(= AZT); Zidovudine ZES; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Z-E Syndrome; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ZIFT; Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer ZIG; Zoster Immuno-Globulin ZPP; Zinc Proto-Porphyrin dB; decibel; 음파의 전파 방향에 수직한 단위 면적을 단위시간에 통과하는 음의 에너지량 또는 음의 압력; 소리의 세기             P   = 20 log ꠏꠏꠏ            Po   P; 측정한 음압   Po; 기준 음압; 2 x 10-5 N/m2 1 cm H2O = 0.1 kPa 1 Fr. = 0.33 mm 3 Fr. = 1 mm 1 inch = 1/12 feet, 2.54 cm 1 IU = 0.3 μg      = 0.025 μg 1 IU(Vit.D) = 0.0025 μg(Cholecalciferol) 1.4 Kbp = 1 M Dalton 1 Knot(노트) = 1 해리/Hr = 0.51 m/sec 1 kPa = 10 cm H2O 1 lb; 파운드; 무게의 단위   1. 상형(常衡); 16 ounces, 453 grams   2. 금형(金衡); 12 ounces, 373 grams 1 mmb = 760 mmHg 1 ng/ml = 1 μg/L phon; 음의 크기의 수준; 음의 고저와 감도   ; dB와 phon과의 관계는 주파수에 따라 달라지고 1,000 Hz에서 dB = phon이므로   ; 1,000 Hz 기준으로 해서 나타낸 dB 1 Pint; n) 파인트(액량의 단위)   미국; 0.47 L   영국; 0.57 L sone; 소음의 크기의 양적 단위; 감각량   1 sone; 1,000 Hz 의 순음이 40 dB일때 1 Telsa = 10,000 Gauss; 자석의 세기 1 해리 = 1852 m   **어느사이트에서 발췌함