토익 ■ 2003. 1월-12월 기출 총정리 (강추)

[이현희]

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (동사)

1. this fabric will [shrink]
줄어들다 (shrink - shrank - shrunk)

2. A good supervisor [creates] an environment in which ~
만들다, 창조하다
*creative 창의적인

3. equipment should be [ordered] from the office
*should be ordered 수동태
> we should order equipment from the office (능동태)

4. agenda~, a copy of which is (attached) to this memo
*be attached to ~에 첨부되다

5. has [renewed] the multi-year contract with ABC, Inc.
*renew the contract = update the contract 계약을 갱신하다

6. request that 주어 + [analyze] the report
*request/require/ask/suggest/recommend ... that subject + root
*analyze 분석하다
*analysis 분석

7. We booked early to be (assured) of good seats
*be assured of ~를 보장받다

8. The trees (need) to be watered
*need to be watered (수동태)
> You need to water the trees (능동태)

9. (earn) high wages
*earn wages 월급을 벋다
cf. earn the largest revenue

10. ~ be sure that the models you have selected (comply) with all building and electrical
specifications
*comply with ~와 일치하다 (be compliant with)

11. (Attach) the address label firmly to the envelope~
*attach A to B: A를 B에 붙이다/첨부하다

12. He used to (sell) more than 20 cars
*used to root: ~하곤 했다

13. look forward to meeting them and to (discussing) the problems
*look forward to ~ing/noun: ~를 고대하다
*discuss the problems = talk about the problems

14. is closely (related) to the issue
*be closely related to ~와 밀접한 관련이 있다

15. graduates (looking) for jobs
*graduates looking for jobs = graduates who are looking for jobs

16. The director (will be) out of the office until Monday
*be out of the office 자리를 비우다

17. We have difficulty (sleeping)
*have difficulty ~ing: ~하는 데 어려움을 겪다

18. requests that S (make) certain that ~
*request that subject + root
*make certain that ~ = make sure that ~ = ensure that ~: ~를 보장하다

19. be able to (offer) customers improved prices ~
*be able to root = be capable of ~ing: ~할 수 있다
*offer IO DO

20. The target has already been (exceeded)
*The target has been already exceeded (수동)
> (능동) We have already exceeded the target
*exceed vt. ~를 초과하다
*in excess of ~를 초과하는

21. He (briefed) the members on the project ~
*brief A on B: A에게 B를 간략히 설명하다

22. ~ the human resources department (intends) to recruit workers
*intend to do: ~할 작정이다 (plan to do)

23. He (joined) the University thirty six years ago
*join the university 대학에 들어가다
*six years ago, yesterday, last year ... + 과거시제

24. If supervisors (ask) employees to work overtime, ~
*조건의 부사절(if, unless, once...)에서는 미래대신 현재 사용

25. The machine is poorly (designed)
*The machine is poorly designed 설계가 형편없다 (수동)
> They poorly design the machine (능동)
*be designed to do: ~하도록 고안되다

26. The corporation (was restructuring) its textile division
*과거 진행형 (was/were + -ing)
*restructure 구조조정하다

27. Please (leave) your hotel key at the front desk ~
*Please + root
*leave 두다
*Please complete the form

28. Residents of company housing are (billed) directly by the electronics company
*the company bill residents (능동): 주민들에게 청구서를 보내다
> residents are billed by the company (수동)

29. ~ (rely on) tourism as an important source of revenue
*rely on = depend on ~에 의지하다
*be reliable 믿을만하다

30. The employees have complained that new uniforms do not (fit) them properly
*fit ~ properly: ~에게 적합하다/딱맞다

31. ~ those (working) in an assembly area should ~
*those working ~ = those who work ~ (~에서 일하는 사람들)
*명사 + ~ing = 명사 + 관계대명사 + 본동사

32. ~ teachers are expected (to arrive) ~
*we expect that teachers will arrive ~
= it is expected that teachers will arrive ~
= teachers are expected to arrive ~

33. ~ the advertising campaign (has had) a noticeable influence on sales for the past
three years
*현재완료 + for/in/over the past/last three years
*have an influence/effect/impact on ~에 영향을 미치다 = affect

34. ~ the registration for annual conference (includes) a year"s subscription for ~
*include ~를 포함하다
*including (전) ~를 포함하여

35. ~ implication on high court decisions (dealing) with manufacturer liability
*decisions dealing with ~ = decisions which deal with ~

36. (To expedite) the procession of your claim, ~
*To expedite ~: ~를 진척시키기 위해 (목적의 부사적용법)

37. The information should be [written] carefully
*we should write the information carefully (능동)
> the information should be written carefully (수동)

38. try to [expand] its market
*try to expand ~: ~를 확장하려고 노력하다
*expansion of ~: ~의 확장

39. Our company is pleased [to announce] that ~
*be pleased to announce ~: ~를 발표하게 되어 기쁘다

40. [Having] heard the news, she began to cry
= After she had heard the news, she began to cry
*having pp. (완료분사구문)
cf. (Being) Located in ~ (수동분사구문)

41. the company is [going through] a difficult time
*go through ~를 겪다 (experience, undergo)

42. Candidates are asked to [indicate] their interests by checking the box ~
*indicate one"s interests 관심사를 나타내다

43. The country [emerged] as a leader
*emerge 나타나다 (show up, turn up, appear)
cf. emergency 응급상황

44. [solicit] proposals
*solicit proposals 제안서를 요청하다
cf. solicit funds 기금을 요청하다

45. The customers with complaints are advised to (speak) with the customer service
representative
*speak with = contact = get in touch with ~와 연락하다

46. (By comparing) features and prices on different models, ~
*by ~ing: ~함으로써
*compare 비교하다

47. Half of the employees (commute) to work by bicycle
*commute to work 출퇴근하다, 통근하다
*commuter 통근자

48. must (authorize) any use of the equipment
*authorize 인가하다, 허가하다
*the authority to do: ~할 권한
*authorized 인가받은

49. Clients (are invited) to place their donations
*we invite clients to place their donations (능동태)
> clients are invited to place donations (수동태)
cf. be asked/required/advised/expected to do

50. was (associated) closely with ~
*be associated with ~: ~와 관련이 있다

51. The freshness of vegetables (varies) from restaurant to restaurant
*vary (자) 다양하다; (타) 변경하다
*various 다양한
*a variety of 다양한

52. was designed to (meet) the production deadline
*meet ~를 충족시키다 (satisfy)

53. In order to (avoid) a financial setback, S +V
*avoid 피하다
*in order to do = so as to do ~하기 위해서

54. a chart which (summarizes) the corporation"s profits
*summarize 요약하다

55. have strongly (criticized) several provisions
*criticize 비판하다
*critical 비판적인; 중대한
*criticism 비평
*critic 비평가

56. All employees can (borrow) computer handbooks from the library
*borrow A from B: B로부터 A를 빌리다
cf. lend A to B: B에게 A를 빌려주다

57. should not let the recent problems with foreign sales (affect) the company"s
long-term export plans
*affect = have an effect/influence/impact on ~에 영향을 미치다

58. The company has (devised) a new tracking system
*devise 고안하다 (invent, create)

59. (comply) with the specifications
*comply with = be compliant with ~와 일치하다

60. Calvin Technologies will be (holding) a press conference
*hold a conference 회의를 개최하다
*be held = take place (개최되다)

61. the price ~ (includes)
*include 포함하다

62. (do) business with ~
*do business with ~와 거래하다

63. Since ~ing, he (has) closed the shop
*since + 과거시점, 주어 + 현재완료(have pp.)

64. are frequently (disrupted) by ~
*disrupt 방해하다

65. his speech (contradicted) the television. news
*contradict ~에 반박하다

66. The company is (dedicated) to the quality control
*be dedicated to 명: ~에 헌신하다 (be committed to ~)
*dedicated employees 헌신적인 직원들

67. Politicians should not (engage) in business affairs
*engage in ~에 관여하다

68. (to reduce) taxes ~
*reduce 줄이다 (curtail)

69. Please (complete) the enclosed survey
*complete ~를 완성하다 (fill out, fill in)
*Please + 동사원형

70. the architect will (describe) the layout
*describe 설명하다
*description 설명

71. the line-graph (illustrates) a further rise in ~
*illustrate (도해로) 설명하다

72. seminars can help (broaden) the knowledge of ~
*help (to) broaden: ~를 넓히도록 돕다

73. keep our sales staff (informed) of ~
*keep A informed of B: A에게 B를 지속적으로 알리다

74. national elections for public office are (scheduled) regularly
*be scheduled reguarly: 정기적으로 예정되어 있다

75. when subjected (to) processing
*be subjected to -ing: ~를 겪다 (undergo, go through, experience)

76. it is (expected) that this tentative agreement will be reached
*we expect that he will marry her
= it is expected that he will marry her
= he is expected to marry her

77. is (restricted) to the authorized staff
*be restricted to ~에게 한정되다

78. Our shift overseer (predicts) that the president will retire ~
*predict that ~: 예측하다

79. Employees (agreeing) to transfer to the branch office will receive ~
*Employees agreeing ~ = Employees who agree ~

80. When (mailing) your payment~
*when mailing ~ = when you mail ~

81. gave employees a memo, requesting that they (sign) out for breaks
*sign out: 이름을 적고 나가다

82. be committed to (providing) quality products
*provide ~를 제공하다 (타동사)
*be committed to -ing: ~에 전념하다

83. the papers were shredded when the contract (expired)
*expire 만기가 되다
*expiration; expiry n.

84. outstanding balance must (be paid) unless ~
*you must pay outstanding balance (Active)
> outstanding balance must be paid (Passive)

85. Mr. Bin has been (chosen) as a vice president
*we have chosen Mr. Bin as ~ (Active)
> Mr. Bin has been chosen as ~ (Passive)

86. make sure that the qualifications (match) the job responsibilities
*match ~와 어울리다, 일치하다

87. The theater does not (permit) dogs
*permit = allow 입장을 허가하다

88. You are not legally (obligated) to do
*be obligated to do: ~할 의무가 있다
*obligation 의무

89. without being (sent) to ~
*without sending ~: 능동태
> without being sent ~: 수동태

90. prefer (to maintain) ~
*prefer to do: 선호하다
*maintain ~를 유지하다 (타동사)

91. be (designed) to provide more benefits
*be designed to do: ~하도록 설계되다/고안되다

92. the new washing machine can (hold) fifty percent of the clothes
*hold clothes 옷를 담다

93. (Responding) to the deficiencies of ~
*respond to ~에 응답하다
*responding to ~에 응답하면서 (분사구문)

94. the agreement can be (terminated)
*terminate 종료시키다

95. The new research team (joining) our department will begin ~
*The new research team which joins ~
= The new rsearch team joining ~

96. The Health Ministry (advised) Yerba Foods that ~ were still to be approved by ~
*advise A that ~: 조언하다

97. make it a point (to recognize) ~
*make it a point to do = make it a rule to do = be in the habit of -ing (습관적으로 ~하
다)

98. ~ was forced to (decline) the invitation ~
*decline the invitation 초대를 거절하다
*be forced to do: ~하지 않을 수 없다
cf. decline = turn down, reject

99. (Located) in ~, the Thai Center
*Because it is located ~: ~에 위치하고 있기에...
= Located in ~ (수동태 분사구문)

100. If the rule is strictly (followed),
*If you follow the rule strictly (능동태)
> If the rule is strictly followed (수동태)

101. should (look) over the results carefully ~
*look over = examine, inspect 검토하다

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (명사)

1. read a large [variety] of books, ranging from A to B
*a large/wide variety of ~: 아주 다양한 ~
cf. various = diverse 다양한

2. customer [satisfaction] is of prime concern to us ~
*customer satisfaction 고객 만족
*사람 is satisfied with 사물
*사물 is satisfactory to 사람

3. pay attention to secondary [effects] of environmental pollution
*secondary effects 부수적인 영향
*have an effect on = affect ~에 영향을 미치다

4. arrange payments to a number of [distributors]
*distributor 유통업자
*distribution 유통

5. long-standing [commitment] to top quality service has ~
*long-standing commitment to ~: ~에 대한 장기적인 헌신/전념
*be committed to ~ing: ~에 헌신하다

6. take into [account] = take into consideration
*take ~ into account/consideration: ~를 고려하다

7. you have the [authority] to make a decision
*the authority to do: ~할 권한
*an authority on ~: ~의 권위자

8. two million dollars" (worth) of cargo
*2백만달러어치의 화물

9. at the (urge) of ~
*~의 충동으로

10. ~ requires that all new accountants obtain national accounting (certification) within
six months of being hired
*national accounting certification 국가공인 회계 자격증

11. Some revisions have been made to the (proposal)
*proposal 제안서
*solicit proposals 제안을 요청하다

12. making (attempts) to reduce the costs
*make an attempt to do: ~를 시도하다

13. ~ the (aim) of the annual convention is to nominate a chairperson
*aim 목표 (objective, purpose, goal)

14. ~ give him a (copy) of the quarterly report
*a copy of the report 보고서 한 부

15. ~ take on the (coordination) of the event ~
*take on the coordination of ~의 조정/기획을 떠맡다

16. What is the general (consensus)?
*general consensus 전반적인 의견 일치

17. The (address) is 15 Elm Street.
*address 주소

18. Director Kim"s (conclusion) was that ~
*conclusion 결론
*conclude 결론짓다

19. to be in (observance) of the national holiday
*in observance of ~를 준수하여
*observation 관찰

20. we need your bank account (information)
*bank account information 은행 계좌 정보

21. A welcome (reception) for the newly hired employees will be held ~
*reception 환영회
*recipient 수령인

22. the written (notification) of their plan
*written notification 서면 통보

23. ~ visitors almost always express (amazement) at the immensity of information
*express amazement 놀라움을 나타내다
*사람 is amazed at 사물
*사물 is amazing to 사람

24. the (analysis) of political and economic trends
*analysis 분석
*analyze 분석하다
*analyst 분석가

25. He was transferred over from the billing section to the new division of (collections)
*division of collections 수금 부서

26. ~ require (access) to the quarterly budget reports
*require access to ~: ~의 사용허가를 요구하다

27. ~ has demonstrated the highest (productivity) over the past years
*high productivity 높은 생산성
*productive 생산적인
*production figures 생산수치

28. ~ in accordance with the (procedures) established by the agency
*procedures 절차

29. The [escalator] is temporarily out of order.
*escalator 에스컬레이터

30. The dining expenses ares the participant"s [responsibility]
*responsibility 책임, 의무
*be responsible for ~ = be in charge of ~를 담당하다/책임지다
*respond to ~에 응답하다

31. need an accurate [diagnosis]
*diagnosis 진단
*diagnose 진단하다

32. the assistant"s job [description] includes ~
*job description (구인광고의) 직책 설명

33. ~ will be an [advantage], but not a prerequisite ~
*advantage 이점, 장점
*advantageous 이로운

34. new product [information]
*product information 제품 정보

35. reduce the [likelihood] of ~
*likelihood of ~: ~의 가능성
*be likely to do: ~할 것 같다

36. implies (agreement) with our terms conditions.
*agreement with/to/on ~에 대한 동의/합의

37. The article about the planned refinery (expansion) appeared ~
*expansion 확장
*expand its market 시장을 확장하다

38. It can cause allergic (reactions) in certain people
*allergic reactions 알레르기 반응
*be allergic to ~: ~에 대해 알레르기가 있다

39. Please put the letter in the (envelope) provided by the company
*envelope 봉투
*exvelop 봉투에 넣다

40. the business (sense) is necessary
*business sense 사업 감각

41. The new machinery will save our (production) time
*production time 생산소요시간

42. the latest (advances) in the technology have enabled us to develop ~
*advances in ~: ~의 진보/발전 (improvements in ~)

43. offer financial (incentives)
*financial incentives 재정적인 장려금

44. The tickets will be provided to the (attendees) in advance
*attendee 참석자
*attendance 참석률
*attend the meeting 회의에 참석하다

45. the system requires that every (user) have a four-digit access code
*user 사용자

46. the only florist in the (area) that allows customers to choose and cut flowers
themselves
*in the area 그 지역에서

47. Customers can contact an authorized retailer for (clarification)
*clarification 확인
*clarify 확인하다; 명확하게 하다

48. review the interesting (paper) about refinancing loans
*paper 서류, 문서

49. try to establish the (appeal) of its proposed pocket computer
*the appeal of ~: ~의 매력

50. require the information on the (quality) of the water
*the quality of ~: ~의 품질

51. before the (close) of the stock market
*the close of the stock market: 주식시장의 마감시간

52. Managers are eligible to receive the (award) if they reach the sales goals
*receive the award 상을 받다

53. be responsible for (damage) resulting from ~
*be responsible for damage: 피해에 대해 책임지다

54. one of the fastest-growing global (delivery) companies
*global delivery company 세계적인 배달업체

55. Mr. Kim"s (performance) was greater than any other employee"s
*performance 업무수행; 실적

56. Mr. Cho, the (founder) of the company ~
*founder 설립자, 창립자
*found - founded - founded (설립하다)

57. no (exceptions) can be made
*make an exception 예외로 하다

58. encourage (proposals) related to the current issues
*encourage proposals 제안을 독려하다

59. the atmosphere of trust and (cooperation)
*신뢰와 협력의 분위기

60. by independent (arbitration)
*독립적인 중재에 의해
*arbitrator 중재자

61. the product features the new springtime fresh (scent)
*fresh scent 신선한 향기

62. After the tremendous (success) of the marketing strategy ~
*the success of ~: ~의 성공
*succeed in ~ing: 성공하다
*successful 성공적인
*successive 연속적인

63. offers outstanding (examples) of the residential models ~
*example 본보기

64. apply for the position of branch (manager)
*branch manager 지점장

65. check the electrical (connection) to the regfrigerator ~
*electrical connection 전원 연결

66. If you want to return the products, please note that the shipping (charges) will not
be refunded
*shipping charges 운송료

67. (Applicants) for the position will be contacted ~
*applicant 지원자
*application 지원서; 바르는 약/화장품

68. by filling out a (complaint) form
*complaint form 불만 신고서
*complain of/about ~: ~에 대해 불평하다

69. check if there are (cancellations)
*cancellation 취소

70. the recent status of the (economy) is unstable
*the status of the economy 경제 상황
*status quo 현상태

71. One of the most frequent (complaints) airline passengers make is that the overhead
compartments are too small.
*complaint 불평

72. the road will be closed for (renovation)
*for renovation 보수공사를 위해

73. The company is under (pressure) from the competitors
*under pressure 압박을 받고 있는

74. have easy (access) to the report
*have easy access to ~: ~에 쉽게 접근할 수 있다

75. a total (budget) of the organization
*total budget 총예산

76. spend their (time) reading books
*spend one"s time ~ing: ~하면서 시간을 보내다

77. The project needs sense of (sophistication)
*정교한 감각
*business sense 사업 감각

78. The facilities will offer offer various fitness (activities)
*fitness activities 건강 증진 활동

79. earn the largest (revenue)
*earn a large revenue 큰 수입을 올리다

80. a (renewal) of its urban center will bring ~
*renewal of ~: ~의 쇄신 (renovation of ~)

81. can make an (exception)
*make an exception 예외로 하다

82. employees" (progress) toward their goals
*progress toward ~: ~로의 전진

83. there were various (observations) about ~
*observation 관측; 관찰

84. the (prospect) of the economic recovery awaits us
*prospect of ~: ~의 전망

85. (profits) from the community book sale are increasing markedly ~
*profits from ~로부터의 수익

86. Please send your resume at your earliest (convenience)
*at your earliest convenience 여유있는대로 신속하게

87. (Completion) of our satisfaction questionnaire is important
*completion of ~: ~의 완성/작성

88. provides significant (benefits) to the company
*benefits 이익; 혜택

89. is gaining (momentum)
*gain momentum 추진력을 얻다

90. will not accept any late (entries) for the contest
*entry 출품작

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (대명사)

1. take the initiative for completing assignments by [themselves] -
*by themselves = on their own = alone

2. (his) daughter"s clarinet recital
*소유격 + 명사

3. does not have (any) of the equipment
*부정문, 조건절: any

4. (their) animals are not permitted into the building
*소유격 + 명사

5. textile plants, (which) are gradually moving to urban area
*사물, which

6. we will position (ours) as the premier refrigerator
*ours = our refrigerator

7. the delegates to the conference ~, (they) were
*the delegates (대표자들) > they

8. if your office has (any) questions about ~
*부정문, 조건절: any

9. ~ operations will not begin for (another) month
*for another month: 한 달 더

10. (All) skaters competing in the race ~
*all skaters, all the skaters, all of the skaters

11. ~ has not finished (ours) yet.
*ours = our report

12. ~ revenue figures of the company are remarkably similar to (those) of the previous
4 years
*those of ~ = the revenue figures of ~

13. the company ~ that [it] offers ~
*the company > it

14. of the three offers, two are unacceptable, while [the other] is possible
*나머지 하나: the other
*또 하나: another
*나머지 전부: the others, the rest

15. [whichever] you choose will meet the requirements ~
*whichever you choose = anything (which) you choose

16. The new train line, (which) has been running since March, will be ~
*사물, which

17. (Anyone) interested in joining the company softball team should contact ~
*anyone (who is) interested in ~ = whoever is interested in ~

18. The vice president is reviewing (all) of the contract amendments
*all amendments, all the amendments, all of the amendments

19. a version of (their) own
*소유격 + own

20. can start (his) own business
*소유격 + own + 명사

21. Today, (it) is known that even moderate exercise can be beneficial
*we know that ~
= it is known that ~

22. managers must choose from several courses of action, (none) of which is completely
right or wrong
*, none of which ~ = , and none of them ~

23. We receive the order ~ (some) weeks ago
*some weeks ago 몇주전에

24. help (them) choose
*help them choose = help them to choose

25. hairbrushes, (which) are made of plastic
*사물, which

26. If a mountain hiker wants a backpack, he or she can rent (one) ~
*a backpack > one

27. minimize (their) production costs
*소유격 + 명사

28. and (neither) will Mr. Jefferson
*and neither will A = and A will not ... either

29. program (that) will begin ~
*사물 that/which ~

30. people (who) were interviewed will receive a call
*사람 who ~

31. to replace (their) sugary snacks
*소유격 + 형용사 + 명사

32. (all) participants should remember that ~
*all participants, all the participants, all of the participants

33. When the batteries are out, please replace them with new (ones).
*batteries > ones

34. a carpenter (who) is good at handcrafted pieces ~
*사람 who ~

35. on (her) desk
*소유격 + 명사

36. (those) who are interested in joining the campaign
*those who are interested in ~: ~에 관심있는 사람들

37. by (themselves)
*by themselves = on their own = alone

38. your enterprise would not have (its) own sales force
*소유격 + own + 명사
*the enterprise (기업) > it

39. please contact the customer service representative (yourself)
*명령문 ~ yourself

40. a set of corrective results, (which) he thinks will remedy
*사물, which

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (형용사)

1. the system upgrade will be [complete] until ~
*be complete 완료되다 (be + adjective)

2. Dr. Kim was very [emphatic] about the status quo
*be emphatic about ~: ~를 강조하다 (have an emphasis on)

3. be [eligible] to enter the contest
*be eligible to do: ~할 자격이 있다
cf. be eligible for 명사

4. ~ do not consider our company [progressive], because ~ are conservative
*progressive 진보적인
*conservative 보수적인

5. The schedule has been listed in [chronological] order
*in chronological order = chronologically 연대순으로

6. You are required to wear (protective) clothing
*protective clothing 보호복

7. Supplies of staple food such as corn and wheat are running (short)
*run short 부족해지다
cf. run out of ~를 다 쓰다

8. He has been abroad for (several) years
*for several years 몇해 동안
cf. for some years 몇해 동안

9. It is not (economical) to replace the equipment ~
*economical 경제적인; 절약하는 (frugal)
cf. economic slump 경기침체

10. ~, our fully equipped child-care center, (available) to all members at
no extra cost
*available 이용 가능한
cf. unavailable 이용 불가능한

11. He was (experienced) and dynamic
*experienced 경험 많은
cf. dynamic 활동적인 (energetic)

12. The information should be as (specific) as possible
*specific 구체적인; 상세한(detailed)

13. Because the overhead projector was (unavailable)
*unavailable 이용 불가능한

14. ~ the sales division will remain (contingent) on ~
*be contingent on ~를 조건으로 하다

15. Everyone has been (cooperative) ~
*be cooperative 협력하다

16. The machine will become (operational) early next year
*become operational 가동되다

17. The (diverse) tourist attractions of the town will continue to attract tourists over the
next decade ~
*diverse 다양한 (various)

18. ~ the premier (medical) research organization ~
*medical research organization 의료 연구 기관

19. The workers are less (likely) to become bored ~
*be likely to do: ~할 가능성이 있다; ~하기 쉽다 (be apt to do; be liable to do; tend to
do)
*the likelihood of ~: ~의 가능성

20. The division will be staffed by (dedicated) representatives
*dedicated representatives 헌신적인 직원들
*be dedicated to 명사: ~에 헌신하다

21. ~ as (little) as 40% per person
*as little as ~만큼 적은 (양)

22. ~ the newly elected administration has already showed the demonstrated
(unwavering) commitment to the economic reform.
*unwavering commitment to 명사: ~에 대한 부동의 전념

23. ~ an (impressive) new line of fuel efficient cars
*impressive 인상적인

24. (Subsequent) events show ~
*subsequent 연속적인
cf. for the fifth consecutive month 5개월 연속으로

25. ABC Motors is the [third] largest company in the country
*the third largest company 세번째로 큰 회사

26. The employees were awarded for their [creative] products
*creative 창의적인
*create 창조하다

27. [confirmed] reservations cannot be canceled
*confirmed reservations 확인이 끝난 예약

28. for the [upcoming] school year
*upcoming 다가오는

29. Ne employees will require intensive [formal] training
*formal training 정식 교육

30. conduct an [extensive] search
*extensive research 광범위한 조사

31. it should be accompanied by [valid] receipts
*valid receipts 유효한 영수증

32. Items that are (unclaimed) after thirty days will be discarded ~
*unclaimed 찾아가지 않는

33. You can obtain some information from (detailed) national and local maps.
*detailed 상세한

34. If you have a (special) meal request, contact us ahead ~
*special meal request 특별한 식사 주문

35. for the (proposed) furniture factory
*proposed ~: 제안된/건의된 ~

36. on the new (consolidated) income statement
*consolidated 통합된

37. ~, more (established) companies outsource ~
*established (기반이) 튼튼한

38. seems to be (attractive) to families
*be attractive to 사람: ~에게 매력적이다

39. the editorial page of the daily newspaper is more (enlightening) but what they read
first is the sports article
*enlightening 계몽적인, 교훈적인

40. personal information can not be released without (written) consent
*without written consent 동의서없이

41. decide on A over B because it would be the (easier) to implement
*the 비교급 of the two ~

42. Physics is much too (demanding) for them
*demanding = very difficult

43. (Barring) an out-of-court settlement, ~
*barring = except for ~가 없다면 (if it were not for~, but for ~, without ~)

44. donations for this year"s charity event (benefiting) our local theater
*benefit the theater = help the theater

45. Of the eight candidates, Mr. Kim is the (most) highly qualified.
*the + 최상급 + of the 복수명사

46. a (regular) assessmentis scheduled ~
*regular assessment 정기적인 평가

47. for the fifth (consecutive) month
*5개월 연속으로

48. a diet may be more (beneficial)
*beneficial 유익한
cf. beneficiary 수혜자

49. The aircraft proceeded with (impressive) speed
*impressive speed 인상적인 속도

50. lots of materials are (available) from the main office
*available 이용 가능한

51. with (visual) aids
*visual aids 시각 교구

52. is less (expensive) than expected ~
*less expensive than ~: ~보다 저렴한

53. transfer (perishable) goods
*perishable goods 부패하기 쉬운 상품

54. is (available) for private functions ~
*available 이용 가능한

55. the problem will require (comprehensive) testing
*comprehensive testing 종합 검사

56. Juanita is the most (reliable) employee
*reliable 믿음직한

57. should take (quick) action to avoid ~ing
*take quick action 신속한 조치를 취하다

58. from professional (financial) advisors
*financial advisor 재정 고문

59. a (limited) number of products remain
*a limited number of ~: 한정된 수의 ~

60. The proposals should be (innovative)
*innovative 혁신적인

61. on (environmental) hazards
*environmental hazards 환경적인 위험

62. they used (combined) experience
*combined experience 경험의 결합

63. on the (finished) project
*finished project 완성된 프로젝트

64. The company is an (important) client in Asia
*important client 중요한 고객

65. The more complicated ~, the (steeper) ~
*the + 비교급, the + 비교급: ~할수록 더욱 더 ~하다

66. part-time employees are also (eligible) for consideration
*be eligible for ~에 대한 자격이 있다

67. The noise was (disturbing) to them
*disturbing 혼동을 주는; 방해가 되는

68. have produced quality products in the (past) ten years
*in the past ten years 지난 10년동안

69. to gather (accurate) information
*accurate inofrmation 정확한 정보

70. is not (responsible) for damage resulting from ~
*be responsible for ~에 대해 책임지다

71. a more (exciting) marketing campaign
*exciting + 사물

72. Moisture is (capable) of causing ~
*be capable of ~ing = be able to do: ~할 수 있다

73. their (busy) telephone lines
*busy telephone line 통화중인 전화선

74. we are (pleased) to announce ~
*be pleased to do: ~하게 되어 기쁘다

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (부사)

1. clean the office floor much more [easily] than before
*easily 쉽게

2. [Apparently], she does not know ~
*apparently 분명한 사실은, ~

3. was delivered (promptly), so that ~
*promptly 신속하게

4. optical illusions to adaptive optics were [correctly] hung at the exhibit
*correcly 똑바로

5. unless the items are (particularly) small ~
*particularly small 특히 작은

6. ~ see (who) will be attending the reception
*who 누가 (의문대명사)

7. is (presently) being distributed
*presently 현재, 지금

8. report (directly) to the manager
*directly 즉시; 직접

9. we need to continue pursuing potential clients (aggressively)
*aggressively 적극적으로; 공격적으로

10. did not (fully) appreciate your assistance
*fully appreciate ~에 충분히 감사하다

11. ~ fill out the form (completely)
*completely 완벽하게

12. Mr. Kim will (undoubtedly) be promoted
*undoubtedly 틀림없이

13. The information should be written (clearly)
*clearly 명료하게

14. ~ the landlord (unfairly) raised the rent
*unfairly 부당하게

15. The company has (consistently) provided quality products
*consistently 변함없이

16. it has become an (increasingly) popular hobby
*increasingly popular ~: 점점 더 인기를 끄는

17. Follow the installation directions (carefully)
*carefully 주의해서

18. ~ at prices (well) below the average list price ~
*well below ~: ~보다 훨씬 아래인

19. ~ motorists are advised to drive very (cautiously)
*cautiously 주의해서

20. ~ discounts are available (exclusively) to members
*exclusively 독점적으로; 오로지

21. ~ work progresses more (rapidly) when ~
*rapidly 신속하게; 급속하게

22. have [already] received the invitation
*have already pp.
*have not yet pp.

23. ~ [initially] resisted the proposal but eventually approved it
*initially 처음에는 ↔ 결국에는 (eventually, in the end)

24. ~ seldom [directly] reflects the price in the market
*directly 즉시

25. The winners will be drawn [randomly] from ~
*draw randomly 무작위로 추첨하다

26. The building is [presently] under construction
*presently 현재, 지금 (currently)

27. reassure them [politely]
*politely 공손하게; 정중하게

28. watch the report [closely]
*watch closely 자세히 살펴보다

29. The machine was (clearly) designed to help customers
*clearly 분명하게

30. it would cost (significantly) less than before
*significantly 상당히 (considerably, substantially)

31. because they had (always) wanted to go abroad
*always 늘, 언제나

32. They are (almost) entirely dependent on ~
*almost 거의 (nearly)

33. are (far) too expensive for the quality
*far too expensive 지나치게 비싼

34. responded quite (differently) to the question
*differently 다르게

35. In one week the researchers will (finally) release the results
*finally 결국, 마침내

36. batteries should be inserted (correctly)
*insert correctly 올바르게 삽입하다

37. we view her application (favorably)
*favorably 호의적으로

38. subj. + verb. ;however, the previous positions on her resume were (exclusively) in
accounting
*exclusively 독점적으로

39. The best businesses ~ upgrade and innovate (continually)
*continually 지속적으로 (consistently)

40. proceeded (slowly) because of the problem
*slowly 서서히

41. grip the road (firmly)
*firmly 단단하게; 확고하게

42. The explorers (accidentally) discovered the remains of the ancient city ~
*accidentally 우연히 (by accident; by chance)

43. the crop is ripening (nicely)
*ripen nicely 제대로 익다

44. has increased (markedly)
*increase markedly 급격히 증가하다
*markedly = dramatically, rapidly, sharply

45. training in (how) to deal with the problems
*how to do: ~하는 방법

46. should be replaced as (quickly) as possible
*quickly 신속하게

47. must register for the course (immediately) upon arriving
*immediately 즉시 (at once)

48. Photos were supplied to the applicants, unless (otherwise) noted
*otherwise 달리; 그렇지 않으면

49. will cover a spouse and (up to) three dependent children
*up to three ~: 최고 셋까지

50. for her (widely) admired Arts Center
*widely 널리

51. it (partially) obscures the driver"s ability to see around the corner
*partially 부분적으로

52. the lawyer presented the case so (carelessly) that the judge required ~
*carelessly 부주의하게
cf. carefully 주의깊게 (cautiously)

53. Sales of the new cars are down (nearly) 5 percent
*nearly 거의 (almost)

54. have worked incredibly (hard)
*work hard 열심히 일하다

55. (Seldom) have the market conditions been more secure
*seldom/rarely + have + 주어 + pp.
(좀처럼 ~한 적이 없다)

56. take the customers" privacy (seriously) in order not to do
*seriously 진지하게; 신중하게

57. The office has (recently) moved to another city
*recently 최근에 (lately)

58. have not (yet) responded to the ~
*have not yet pp. = have yet to do: 아직 ~하지 못했다

59. (shortly) before the show begins
*shortly before ~: ~ 직전에
*shortly after ~: ~ 직후에

60. it is (technically) impossible
*technically 기술적으로

61. leaves shortly (thereafter)
*shortly thereafter 그 직후에

62. he spoke (quietly)
*speak quietly 조용히 말하다

63. wrap the items (securely)
*wrap securely 단단히 포장하다

64. check (in) at the gate
*check in 탑승 수속을 밟다

65. (Usually) discount tickets do not have various benefits
*usually 보통

66. will (officially) open the store
*officially 공식적으로

67. proceed (directly) to ~
*directly 즉시; 직접

68. the customers return (regularly) throughout the year
*regularly = on a regular basis 정기적으로

69. examine the market (cautiously)
*cautiously 주의 깊게

70. we will (happily) refund your money
*happily 기꺼이

71. ~ often change (considerably) after ~
*considerably 상당히 (significantly, substantially)

72. should call (ahead) for reservation
*ahead = in advance = beforehand 미리

73. The campaign has exceeded ~ and we have (therefore)
*therefore 그러므로

74. ~ jewelry, and (also) traditional medicines
*also 또한

75. has (alreadly) taken measures
*have already pp.

76. had been distributed (equally)
*equally 균등하게

77. the product was (originally) designed to provide ~
*originally 처음에는 (initially)

78. The introduction ~ was a huge step (forward)
*step forward 전진

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (접속사)

1. [although] sub. + verb ~ in person
*양보접속사 (although, though, even though, even if)

2. responsibilities [that] ~
*동격 접속사 that

3. (Both) A and B
*both A and B (상관접속사)

4. (after) dark
*after it gets dark = after dark

5. (Although) S+V,
*양보

6. The shop will be open, (even if) it is a national holiday.
*양보

7. The coupon is valid (while) supplies last.
*while ~하는 동안; ~하는 반면에

8. ~ have already received ~ (since) he ran the company
*현재완료 + since + 과거

9. You have to decide whether to use curtains (or) blinds ~
*whether A or B (상관접속사)

10. ~ not only answer yesterday"s questions (but) also anticipate tomorrow"s needs
*상관접속사 (not only but also B)

11. ~ (once) we receive the supporting documents
*once 일단 ~하면

12. postpone the meeting [until] S + V
*postpone A until B: A를 B까지 미루다 (지속성)

13. neither before 8 a.m. [nor] after 5 p.m.
*neither A nor B

14. [so that] sub. can ~
*so that ~할 수 있도록 (목적)

15. When asked (whether) she will retire soon, ~
*whether ~인지

16. (Once) the form has been received, ~
*once 일단 ~하면

17. sub. + verb, (but) you have not yet received an identification card
*but 그러나

18. from 20 private companies (and) 15 government agencies
*A and B: 병렬구조

19. (Even though) labor costs were relatively low, ~
*양보

20. we will consider neither the expansion of the open-air parking facilities (nor) a
reduction in ~
*neither A nor B

21. commute to work by bicycle (or) train
*A or B (병렬구조)

22. (Although) this is ~, ~
*양보

23. attract more attention (than) ~
*비교급(more) ~ than

24. a previous achievement (as well as) a willingness
*B as well as A = not only A but also B

25. the prices will continue to rise, (even though) government data indicates ~
*양보

26. both A (and) B
*both A and B

27. (because) S + V
*because ~하기 때문에

28. (so that) he can ~
*so that (목적)

29. (While) sub. + verb,
*while ~하는 반면에; ~하는 동안

30. more direct communication (than) ~
*비교급(more) ~ than

31. sub. + verb (unless) + sub. + verb ~
*unless ~하지 않는다면 (if ~ not)

32. either at the box office (or) through our Web site
*either A or B

33. (Providing) sufficient grant funding ~
*providing (that) ~ = provided (that) ~: ~한다면 (if)

■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (기타)

1. March 15th fits [better] for my schedule
* fit well 잘 맞다
*well - better - best

2. children as [young] as ten
*as young as ten : 열살밖에 안 되는

3. [Mounting] pressure from the press
*mounting pressure 증가하는 압력

4. the retailers are friendly, knowledgeable, and, [above all], enthusiastic about ~ their
stock
*above all 무엇보다도 (more than anything else)

5. (other) companies will join the competition
*other companies
*another company

6. ~ is original, [aside from] a few designs that imitated last year"s styles
*aside from ~를 제외하고 (apart from)

7. Buyers [interested] in the newest group may visit ~
*Buyers (who are) interested in ~

8. [stand in for] their colleagues
*stand in for = fill in for ~의 빈자리를 대신하다

9. refunds will be given on A, but [not] on bulk or discount ~
*not A but B = B, but not A

10. know (in detail) what will happen
*in detail 상세하게

11. Follow (up on) the promise
*follow up on ~를 이행하다

12. by (varying) the delivery routes
*by varying ~: ~를 변경함으로써

13. If ~ had not been reported so quickly, we (would not have received) ~
*가정법과거완료
(If ~ had pp., ~ would/could/might + have pp.)

14. If its proposal (had been) more detailed, ~ + would be
*혼합가정법
(If ~ had pp., ~ would/could/might + do)

15. If ~ had pp., ~ + (could have been organized)
*가정법과거완료