[초등학교, 중학교, 고등학교 영어 발음 연습] How to Pronounce: Neutral Vowel Sound Schwa

[정승남세기영어교육연구회장]

[초등학교, 중학교, 고등학교 영어 발음 연습]

How to Pronounce: Neutral Vowel Sound Schwa

Schwa 란 무엇인가?

출처 : https://blog.naver.com/kium-english-up/223071717092

혹시 들어보셨나요? Schwa? 슈와라고 말하지요.

간혹 "선생님! 소리가 이상해요, 발음이 달라요" 라고 듣기를 하던 친구들이 질문하는 경우가 있습니다. 이럴경우 주로 연음(인접한 소리가 이어지며 나는 동화나 탈락현상)이나 Schwa(중립모음) 발음 때문이었는데요,

Schwa 란 무엇일까요?

chatGPT에게 물어봤습니다.

Schwa is linguistic term that refers to an unstressed and neutral vowel sound.

-chatGPT

언어학적 용어로 강세가 없거나 중립적인 모음소리라고 이야기 하네요.

발음기호 /ə/ 로 나타납니다.

발음은 입을 살짝 벌린 상태로 혀를 중간에 뒤고 힘을 뺀 상태로

Uh~ 처럼 발음할 수 있습니다.

그림처럼 말이죠.

언제 발생할까요?

강모음을 기준으로

1. 강모음 앞에 오는 경우

- again [ əˈɡen; əˈɡeɪn ]

- ago [ əˈɡoʊ ]

- about [ əbaʊt ]

- balloon [ bəluːn ]

- banana [ bənɑːnə ]

2. 강모음 뒤에 오는 경우

- animal [ˈænəməl]

- elephant [ˈɛləfənt]

- happily [ˈhæpəli]

- possible [ˈpɑːsəbəl]

- silent [ˈsaɪlənt]

모음소리별로 정리하면

<a> annoy, sofa

<e> persist, water

<i> council

<o> collide, motor

<u> survive, collumn

https://thesoundofenglish.org/schwa/

have가 다른 조동사와 같이 쓰인경우,

줄임말을 쓰는경우,

would + have -> would ə

sould + have -> should ə

could + have -> could ə

want + to -> w ə nn ə

going + to -> g ə nn ə

관사나 전치사 a, an, about, of, to 의 경우

schwa 소리가 나는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

소리를 글로만 이해하기는 어려우니 영상도 같이 첨부합니다.

https://youtu.be/EXS3IcMbzXI

https://youtu.be/b_XMthn4iUc

영어발음의 디테일을 잡아 줄 schwa 확실히 이해가 되셨나요? ^^

[출처] Schwa?|작성자 키움 써니쌤

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Schwa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the sound(s) referred to as schwa. For other uses, see Schwa (disambiguation).

For the glyph itself, see Ə and Schwa (Cyrillic).

For the "turned e" character, used in some African alphabets, see ǝ.

Not to be confused with shcha (щ).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Schwa" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Schwa
ə
IPA Number	322
See also mid central vowel
Audio sample
Duration: 1 second.0:01 source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ə
Unicode (hex)	U+0259
Image

In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa (/ʃwɑː/ shwah, rarely /ʃwɔː/ shwaw or /ʃvɑː/ shvah;[1] sometimes spelled shwa)[2] is a vowel sound denoted by the IPA symbol ⟨ə⟩, placed in the central position of the vowel chart. In English and some other languages, it usually represents the mid central vowel sound (rounded or unrounded), produced when the lips, tongue, and jaw are completely relaxed, such as the vowel sound of the ⟨a⟩ in the English word about.

The name schwa and the symbol ⟨ə⟩ may be used for some other unstressed and toneless neutral vowels, not necessarily mid central, as it is often used to represent reduced vowels in general.[3] It also has been historically used to describe a canonical phonetic range covering a vast central area from near-close [ɪ̈] to near-open [ɐ]. [4][full citation needed]

In English, /ə/ is traditionally treated as a weak vowel that may occur only in unstressed syllables, but in accents with the STRUT–COMMA merger, such as Welsh English, some higher-prestige Northern England English, and some General American, it is merged with /ʌ/ and so /ə/ may then be considered to occur in stressed syllables.[5]

In Albanian, Romanian, Slovene, Balearic Catalan, Mandarin and Afrikaans, schwa can occur in stressed or unstressed syllables.

A similar sound is the short French unaccented ⟨e⟩, which is rounded and less central, more like an open-mid or close-mid front rounded vowel.

Sometimes, the term schwa can be used for any epenthetic vowel. Across languages, schwa vowels are commonly deleted in some instances such as in Hindi, North American English, French and Modern Hebrew. In phonology, syncope is the process of deleting unstressed sounds, particularly unstressed vowels such as schwa.

Etymology[edit]

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The term schwa was introduced by German linguists in the 19th century from the Hebrew shva (שְׁוָא IPA: [ʃva], classical pronunciation: shəwāʼ [ʃəwɔː]), the name of the niqqud sign used to indicate the phoneme. It was first used in English texts in the early 1890s.[6][7]

The symbol ⟨ə⟩ was used first by Johann Andreas Schmeller for the reduced vowel at the end of the German language term Gabe. Alexander John Ellis, in his Palaeotype alphabet, used it for the similar English sound in but /bʌt/. The symbol is an ⟨e⟩ rotated by 180 degrees. A subscript small schwa (in Unicode as U+2094 ₔ LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA) is used in phonetic transcription of Indo-European languages.[8]

In English[edit]

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Further information: Stress and vowel reduction in English

In English, schwa is the most common vowel sound.[9] It is a reduced vowel in many unstressed syllables especially if syllabic consonants are not used. Depending on dialect, it may be written using any of the following letters:

• ⟨a⟩, as in about [əˈbaʊ̯t]

• ⟨e⟩, as in taken [ˈtʰeɪ̯kən]

• ⟨i⟩, as in pencil [ˈpʰɛnsəl]

• ⟨o⟩, as in havoc [ˈhævək]

• ⟨u⟩, as in supply [səˈpʰlaɪ̯]

• ⟨y⟩, as in sibyl [ˈsɪbəl]

• unwritten, as in rhythm [ˈɹɪðəm]

Schwa is a short neutral vowel sound and, like all other vowels, its precise quality varies depending on the adjacent consonants.

While in Received Pronunciation schwa only occurs in unstressed syllables, in General American English, it may be analyzed that schwa occurs in both stressed and unstressed syllables.[5] Some dictionaries use ⟨ʌ⟩ to represent what may be analyzed as a stressed schwa in American English (as in Received Pronunciation).[10] Dictionaries that do so include the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary and the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. Dictionaries that use ⟨ə⟩ for schwa regardless of whether it is stressed or unstressed include the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary, and the Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English.

In New Zealand English, the high front lax vowel (as in the word bit /ˈbɪt/) has shifted open and back to sound like schwa, and both stressed and unstressed schwas exist. To a certain extent, that is true for South African English as well.

In General American English, schwa and /ɜː/ are the two vowel sounds that can be r-colored (rhotacized); r-colored schwa is used in words with unstressed ⟨er⟩ syllables, such as dinner. Some forms of American English have the tendency to delete a schwa that appears in a mid-word syllable after the stressed syllable. Kenstowicz (1994) states, "American English schwa deletes in medial posttonic syllables". He gives as examples words such as sep(a)rate (as an adjective), choc(o)late, cam(e)ra and elab(o)rate (as an adjective), where the schwa (represented by the letters in parentheses) has a tendency to be deleted.[11] Other examples include fam(i)ly (listenⓘ), ev(e)ry (listenⓘ), and diff(e)rent (listenⓘ).

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