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(Advanced Navigation Safety)
- 목적; This is an advanced course designed to examine the application of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (Collision Regulations) by building on the knowledge acquired in NASC 2209 (Navigation Safety) and the seagoing experience gained during WKTM 2102 (Sea Phase II). Court judgments will be analyzed to illustrate how various rules are applied, particularly when dealing with concepts such as proper look-out, full appraisal, safe speed and positive action in ample time.
- 개요; Collision Regulations Part A General; Collision Regulations Part B Steering and Sailing Rules; Collision Regulations Part C Lights and Shapes; Collision Regulations Part D Sound and Light Signals
- 목표; 1) To help the student achieve a thorough knowledge and understanding of the Collision Regulations.
2) To enable the student to recognize the proper action to take to avoid collision with other vessels.
1.0 Collision Regulations Part A General
1.1 Application
– Explain the application of the rules as set out in Rule 1.
– Define the term 'traffic separation scheme.
1.2 Responsibility
– Describe the responsibility to comply with the rules as set out in Rule 2.
– Cite examples of precautions which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case.
– Give examples of circumstances which may make a departure from the rules necessary.
1.3 Definitions
– Describe the general definitions which apply throughout the rules.
– Explain the term 'vessel constrained by her draught.
– Distinguish between 'under way' and 'making way.
2.0 Collision Regulations Part B Steering and Sailing Rules
2.1 Section I Conduct of Vessels in Any Condition of Visibility
– Explain 'a proper look-out' and interpret the intent of 'full appraisal of the situation and the risk of collision.
– Explain the use of radar in the context of Rule 5.
– Explain what is meant by a safe speed.
– Describe, with reference to court cases, how 'proper and effective action' and 'within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions' may be interpreted.
– Describe the factors to be taken into account in determining a safe speed.
– Explain how the use of radar affects the determination of safe speed.
– Explain what is meant by risk of collision.
– Describe the proper use of radar equipment in determining whether a risk of collision exists.
– Explain the dangers of making assumptions on the basis of scanty information, citing examples from clear weather as well as the use of radar.
– Illustrate, using examples from court cases, how failure to plot may lead to a lack of appreciation of a developing situation.
– Illustrate, using examples from court decisions, the following actions to avoid collision referred to in Rule 8:
• positive action in ample time large enough to be readily apparent
• alteration of course alone
• passing at a safe distance
• checking the effectiveness of action taken
• reduction of speed
• taking all way off
– Demonstrate an understanding of Rule 9 by:
• defining the terms 'narrow channel' and 'fairway'
• describing how to proceed along the course of a narrow channel
• describing the navigation of small craft and sailing vessels in a narrow channel
• stating the restrictions on crossing the channel or fairway
• describing the conduct of vessels engaged in fishing
• stating the procedure for overtaking in a narrow channel
• describing the actions to be taken on nearing a bend in a narrow channel or fairway
– Define 'traffic lane', 'separation line', 'separation zone', 'inshore traffic zone'
– Describe how to navigate in a traffic separation scheme with reference to:
• entering and leaving the traffic separation scheme
• entering and leaving a traffic lane
• crossing lanes
• the use of inshore traffic zones
• crossing separation lines or entering separation zones other than when
• crossing, joining or leaving a lane
– Describe the requirements for vessels:
• navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes
• anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations
• not using a traffic separation scheme
• engaged in fishing within a traffic lane
– State that a vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel must not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
– State the exemptions for vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the:
• maintenance of safety of navigation
• laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable
– Explain the meaning of 'precautionary area' .
– Define 'deep water route' and describe for whom such a route is intended.
2.2 Section II Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another
– Explain what is meant by 'vessels in sight of one another.
– Demonstrate, with the use of models displaying proper signals or lights, a navigation .
– Light simulator or the proper action to take to avoid collision with other vessels in sight.
– Explain how to decide when a vessel is an overtaking vessel.
– Compare and analyze the various avoiding actions which may be taken by an overtaking vessel.
– Explain the application of Rule 14, Head-on Situation.
– Explain why the give-way vessel in a crossing situation shall, if the circumstances admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
– Explain the application of Rule 15 when crossing narrow channels and traffic lanes.
– Explain how Rule 16 and Rule 8 relate regarding the action by a give-way vessel.
– Explain the position of a stand-on vessel in cases where a risk of collision exists between more than two vessels.
– Explain how to decide when to take avoiding action as thestand-on vessel.
– Describe the actions which may be taken by the stand-on vessel.
– Describe the avoiding action which must be taken by the stand-on vessel .
– State that a potential collision situation may be divided into the following four stages:
• at long range before risk of collision exists and both vessels are free to take any action
• when risk of collision applies and the give-way vessel is required to take action while the stand-on vessel must keep her course and speed
• when the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action
• when collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone
– Explain the responsibilities between vessels with reference to Rules 18 and 3.
2.3 Section III Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
– Explain the application of Rule 19
– Eompare Rule 6 and Rule 19 regarding the determination of safe speed.
– Explain how courts have interpreted 'a close-quarters situation.
– Explain how courts have interpreted 'navigate with extreme caution.
– Demonstrate, using a manoeuvring board or radar simulator, how to determine risk of collision and theproper action to take to avoid collision in restricted visibility.
3.0 Col li sion Reg u la tions Part C Lights and Shapes
3.1 Application
– Describe the application of the rules concerning lights and shapes.
3.2 Light Characteristics
– Explain the definitions in Rule 21
– Describe the visibility of lights as prescribed by Rule 22
3.3 Light and Shape Configurations
– Identify the lights and shapes carried by any type of vessel and the operation or circumstances signified by them, including the additional signals for fishing vessels in close proximity
– Describe the positioning, spacing and screening of lights
– Describe the shapes required by the rules
4.0 Col li sion Reg u la tions Part D Sound and Light Sig nals
4.1 Manoeuvring and Warning Signals
– Describe the sound signals to be used by vessels in sight of one another.
4.2 Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility
– Describe the sound signals to be used by vessels in or near an area of restricted visibility.
4.3 Signals to attract Attention
– Describe the use of signals to attract attention.
4.4 Distress Signals
– List the distress signals set out in Annex IV of the Collision Regulations.