To whom should we look for guidance, in the toils of our Afghan perplexities? Well, obviously, the Duke of Wellington. So at any rate Henry Kissinger thinks. Don’t go imagining this has anything to do with the Indian empire, either. Ten minutes into our conversation he remarked that policymakers should be thinking … Belgium. Yes, Belgium. Pausing for a moment between observations delivered with a rumble so basso that it automatically sounds -profundo, the Doctor waited to see if the history professor would get it. |
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深陷阿富汗泥潭的我们,应当向谁寻求指引呢?嗯,当然是威灵顿公爵(Duke of Wellington)。反正亨利?基辛格(Henry Kissinger)是这样认为的。别想了,这件事和印度帝国没什么关系。在我和基辛格的谈话开始十分钟后,他说道,政策制定者们应该考虑……比利时。没错,比利时。基辛格嗓音低沉,话音听起来自然很浑厚。这位博士说到这里顿了一下,想看看我这个历史学教授是不是明白了。 |
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And suddenly I sort of did. Never mind the weird vision of the Hindu Kush relocated to the Flemish mud, both have been states that have never quite been made; theatres of contending languages and faiths, doormats for unscrupulous neighbours – the Scheldt! the Meuse! Waziristan! “Throughout the 18th century and earlier,” Kissinger resumes, like a patient tutor, “armies had marched up and down through Flanders.” As indeed they had, triggering appalling, endless wars. What was Wellington’s answer, at the dawn of Belgian independence in the early 19th century? Internationally agreed neutrality. “It lasted for 80 years.” We should be so lucky, the Doctor implies, with Afghanistan. |
猛然间我确实有点明白了。如果把兴都库什山被搬到泥泞的弗兰德这一离奇景象抛在脑后,你会发现:阿富汗和比利时这两个国家都称不上已经塑造成型,都是不同语言和不同信仰相互竞争的舞台,也都是居心叵测的邻国肆意欺凌的对象——斯海尔德河(Scheldt)!默兹河(Meuse)!瓦济里斯坦(Waziristan)!基辛格像一位耐心的导师一样继续解释道:“18世纪前以及整个18世纪,各路军队在弗兰德进进退退。”的确如此,这些人马引发了无穷无尽的恐怖战争。19世纪早期,在比利时独立展现出曙光时,威灵顿公爵给出的解决方案是什么呢?是国际社会一致同意保证比利时的中立地位。“这一中立地位持续了80年之久。”基辛格暗示,我们在阿富汗问题上若取得同样的成果,就太幸运了。 |
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At 87, Henry Kissinger, who has an epic and, in some places, surprisingly moving book out on China, is history, but certainly not in the sense of past and gone. Quite the opposite. In his office at Kissinger Associates in midtown Manhattan, he invites me to sit on his left, advising that one eye no longer works as well as it should. But there is precious little evidence of much other infirmity. The wavy hair is snowy, the broad face is more lined but the analytical mind is still razor-keen, delivering serial judgments at a steadily thoughtful pace; the reflections of an old magus, Yoda rescripted by Machiavelli. Kissinger lives, technically, in Manhattan and Connecticut but his real abode seems to be in a Parnassus of classical statecraft, where, on a daily basis, Bismarck tips his hat to Metternich while a somnolent Talleyrand, from beneath powdered wig, winks knowingly at Zhou Enlai. |
现已87岁高龄的基辛格最近出版了一本关于中国的巨著,书中的某些部分出奇地感人。基辛格本身就是一部历史。当然,这里的意思决不是说他已经过时、已经远逝——情况恰恰相反。在位于曼哈顿中城的基辛格顾问公司(Kissinger Associates)的办公室里,他邀请我坐在他的左边,告诉我他有一只眼睛的视力已经不及正常水平了。幸运的是,几乎没有证据显示他的身体还有其它毛病。他卷曲的头发已经雪白,宽阔的面庞上也有了更多皱纹,但他善于分析的头脑仍然敏锐如刀,能够以稳健的思维步伐做出连串的判断;那是长老的思考,如果改让马基雅维利(Machiavelli)来刻画尤达大师(Yoda),一定就是这个样子。虽然基辛格在现实中居住在曼哈顿和康涅狄格州,但他真正的居所却是在经典治国大师云集的帕纳塞斯山(Parnassus)——在那里,俾斯麦(Bismarck)每天向梅特涅(Metternich)脱帽致意,困倦的塔列朗(Talleyrand)戴着扑满白粉的假发,向周恩来心有灵犀地眨了眨眼。 |
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There are good and not so good aspects of this lofty perch from which he surveys the panorama of national foibles. On the one hand, the Olympian prospect enables Kissinger to see the bigger picture. On the other hand, a lifetime’s immersion in the studious formalities of official business, the diplomatic obligation of wariness, has planed his conversation smooth of the knots and scuffs of the human condition. In the China book, though, human reality is very much present in his warts-and-all portraits of Mao and Zhou, Deng and Ziang Zemin. Kissinger chuckles deeply, as if gargling with pebbles, when he remembers the aged Mao, not going gentle, declaring theatrically that “God will not want me,” or insisting that he wanted to be “cursed”, to prove that even at the end he was imperially potent enough to provoke fear and rage. |
基辛格居高临下俯视国家事务里的种种小问题,这种视角有好的一面,也有不那么好的一面。一方面,身居奥林匹斯山巅的高远视角让基辛格能看清更广阔的图景。另一方面,一生都沉浸在官方事务的繁文缛节和需小心应对的外交工作当中,这让他的讲话变得圆滑、失去了棱角。不过,他在这本关于中国的书中对毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平和江泽民做出了坦诚全面的描述,其中不乏呈现人真实一面的描写。他在回忆起与毛泽东的交谈时深沉地笑出声来,像是在含着鹅卵石漱口。他说,年事已高的毛泽东仍不服软,夸张地宣称“老天不收我”、或是坚称希望被人“诅咒”,以证明即使到最后时刻他也仍具有让人又畏惧又愤恨的帝王之力。 |
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I have tried my best not to like Henry Kissinger for the usual Nixon-Cambodia-Chile reasons, but more than once I’ve been comprehensively disarmed. Seventeen years ago I was assigned the review of his book Diplomacy, which I anticipated would be an eye-opener about the culture of the craft; the ways in which momentous decisions can turn on picayune matters of ostensibly trivial protocol. I had in mind the lengthy debate, at once absurd and weighty, over the shape of the table in the Vietnam peace talks in Paris. Were there not telegrams whose poor wording triggered disaster? Cocktail party fiascos that had turned into international incidents? Instead, Diplomacy turned out to be a fairly conventional but elegant narrative of 19th-century foreign policy; the statecraft of the grandees of European power. In its way it was just fine: often illuminating, especially about Bismarck, on whom Kissinger had done much research at Harvard, and the 1815 Congress of Vienna, which had been the centrepiece of his A World Restored, still the best thing on its subject. I said as much in the review, while regretting the missing sociology of diplomatic practice. |
我尽力不让自己因“尼克松(Nixon)-柬埔寨-智利”的惯常原因而不喜欢基辛格,但我不只一次为他彻底折服。17年前,我受邀为他的著作《大外交》(Diplomacy)撰写书评。我原以为这本书能让我对外交文化大开眼界,比如关键决策是怎样依赖看似微不足道的外交礼节等琐事才得以确定的。我还记得在巴黎举行越战和谈时各方围绕谈判桌的形状展开的冗长争辩,既荒诞可笑、又举足轻重。难道这本书中没有电报措辞不当造成政治灾难、鸡尾酒会上的错漏演变成国际事件的故事?然而,《大外交》却相当常规而优雅地阐述了19世纪的外交政策、欧洲列强的大公们的治国艺术。这本书角度独特、堪称优秀:它经常给予读者启发,尤其是在探讨俾斯麦和1815年维也纳会议之时。基辛格在哈佛大学(Harvard)曾对俾斯麦做过许多研究,而维也纳会议是他的著作《重建的世界》(A World Restored)中的核心部分——该书至今都仍是这一领域的最佳著作。我在书评中也是像上面这样说过,还对该书未能从社会学视角来探讨外交实践表示遗憾。 |
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A week or so after the review appeared the phone rang. The courteous voice was deep, dark and German. Oh sure, I thought. Two days earlier a mischievous friend had impersonated Kissinger on the phone convincingly enough to dupe me into believing I was being berated for the review, before I got wise to the trick. When a second call came, I was on the verge of answering with my own, pretty good, Nixon impression before realising, in the nick of time, that this was, in fact, the actual Doctor, expressing a polite mystification about the sort of book I had wanted him to write and asking me if I would consider explaining more fully in person? After the deep breath I thought, hell, why not? At the front door of his apartment, I told myself: this might be a bad idea, but it was too late. With one hand Kissinger (rather than the expected Manhattan flunky) hospitably opened the door and – this was the moment of disarmament – with the other dropped a dog biscuit into the open and appreciative mouth of a floppy hound. Wars have been averted with less. |
书评刊出大约一周以后,我的电话响了。对方言辞礼貌,话音深沉、神秘、带有德国口音——当然得装成这样了,我想。两天前,我一个爱开玩笑的朋友才刚刚在电话上冒充过基辛格,几乎以假乱真,我一时间还真以为基辛格在因我写的那篇书评痛斥我,后来我才识破了这个把戏。所以这个电话打来时,我本欲以自己模仿得很像的尼克松的腔调接电话,但很快发现对方这次真是基辛格。他对我希望他写的那种书表达了一种礼貌的困惑,问我能否考虑当面更详细地解释给他听。我深吸一口气,想道,干嘛不去呢?在基辛格的公寓门外,我对自己说:这可能是个坏主意,但为时已晚。基辛格本人(而不是我料想中的曼哈顿男仆)亲切地用一只手为我拉开门(我就是在这一刻为他折服的),另一只手朝感激地张开大口的慵懒猎犬扔了一片狗饼干。是为不战而屈人之兵。
한중국제교류센터, 한국어강사, 대학교, 현지대학교, 루동대학교, 비즈니스, 실무인력, 해외취업, 중간관리자, 한국산업인력공단, 명예, 중국취업, 한국어강사 양성과정, 중국현지 한인기업 실무인력 연수과정, 연수, 해외연수, 중국취업, 산동, 연대, 위해, 북경, 상해, 청도, 위하이, 웨이하이, 엔타이, 연태, 연대. 남산그룹, 취업, 현지교육, 고래의 꿈, 해외취업, 취업, 강사, 연수과정, 중국, 강사, 해외인턴, 한중, 한중교류, 한중교류센터, 한중문화교류, 한중국제 |
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Disconcertingly, nearly 20 years later, Kissinger remembered the incident (his memory remains prodigious), continuing the Schama-Disarmament programme by telling me that he’d tried to incorporate some of the insights I had wanted in his new China book. Caught off balance by the light touch of the flattery, I recalled that I had indeed noticed passages that dealt with the display of Chinese power as a kind of cultural performance: the banquets, the toasts, the exquisite calibration, inherited from imperial precedents, as to how and when foreign envoys might be admitted to an audience with The Chairman. Without this shrewd attentiveness to what he nails as “hospitality as an aspect of strategy” Kissinger believes the opening to China might never have happened; and the world would be a very different place. |
在将近20年后的今天,基辛格仍记得那天的事(他的记忆力仍然出众),这让我有些受宠若惊。基辛格告诉我,他已尝试在这本关于中国的新书中融入一些我希望具备的视角,我又一次为他折服。他点到为止的奉承让我猝不及防。我回忆起,我的确注意到该书的一些段落将中国实力的展示作为某种文化表演进行陈述:继承自帝国时代的宴席、敬酒和悉心的拿捏,例如外国使节应在何时以何种方式受到主席接见。基辛格认为,如果不能敏锐地注意到他所谓的这种“把款待当作战略的一个方面”,中国之门的打开可能就不会发生,世界也会变得与现在截然不同。 |
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The China book, then, is different from anything Kissinger has hitherto essayed in print: a journey towards cultural empathy by two powers that seemed, at the outset, prohibitively ill-equipped to acquire that knowledge. Looking at Nixon and Mao, listening to their utterances, they should have been the oddest of odd couples. But paving the way for the “quasi-alliance” were Kissinger and Zhou Enlai, and the heart of the book is the story of their personal rapprochement, born of a mutual effort to understand an alien and incomprehensible culture. |
那么,这本关于中国的新书,可谓与基辛格迄今已出版的任何著作都不同:它讲述的是两个一开始看起来几乎没有任何途径互相了解的大国,走向文化上互相理解的过程。看看尼克松和毛泽东,再听听他们的谈吐,这两个人的搭配应算是怪异中的怪异。但为美中两国“准盟友”关系铺平道路的是基辛格和周恩来,本书的核心是这二人建立个人友谊的故事——二人的友谊来源于了解难以理解的异国文化的共同努力。 |
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But then, of course, the first alien and incomprehensible culture that Henry Kissinger had to negotiate was that of the United States of America. He was already 15 when his family arrived in New York in 1938, fleeing the Nazi Reich. There were ways and communities to ease the shock: a lively crowd of German-Jewish expatriates on the Upper West Side; the stammtisch by the Hudson; the cosmopolitan City University of New York and then the band of military intelligence interpreters, full of people like him. At Harvard, it was another story: the parched cerebrations of the college Brahmins. It was an unlikely mentor, William Yandell Elliott, of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, who was Kissinger’s first and lasting guide to the American mind at its most exacting. “He was a big personality,” Kissinger recalls, a member of the “Fugitive Poets” of Vanderbilt University, a gang that included Allen Tate and John Crowe Ransom. Elliott had brought his outsize personality and tough mind to Washington for Franklin Roosevelt and stayed connected with that world. Harvard undergraduates, perhaps especially ones with thick German accents and earnest intellectual urgency, may not, initially, have been his shot of bourbon. “He made it quite clear when I was assigned to him that that was one burden too many,” says Kissinger, smiling wistfully. “He said, ‘Why don’t you go write an essay on Kant?” The Categorical Imperative and the -Practice of Politics? Right up young Henry’s street even when the ex-Rhodes Scholar Elliott required him, Balliol-style, to read it out at their next meeting. When he had finished, the Fugitive Poet conceded: “You really have an interesting mind.” “In effect he said he would now look after my intellectual development. As a first step he made me read The Brothers Karamazov.” |
当然,亨利?基辛格必须要努力掌握的第一个难以理解的异国文化就是美国文化。1938年,当基辛格一家逃离纳粹德国到达纽约时,他已经15岁了。当时,有很多方式和社区可以帮助基辛格缓解这种文化上的冲击:纽约上西城有活跃的德国犹太侨民社区,人数众多;哈德逊河畔有定期聚会(stammtisch);纽约市立大学(City University of New York)有来自世界各地的人,还有军事情报解读组,其中有许多像基辛格这样的人。但在哈佛,基辛格看到的却是另一番情景:学院名流们的求思若渴。以最严苛方式把基辛格一路带进美国思想殿堂的是一位令人意想不到的精神导师——来自田纳西州莫夫里斯波洛(Murfreesboro)的威廉?扬德尔?艾略特(William Yandell Elliott)。基辛格回忆道,“他可是个大名人”,是范德比尔特大学(Vanderbilt University)“逃亡派诗人”(Fugitive Poets)中的一员。这群诗人还包括爱伦?泰特(Allen Tate)和约翰?克劳?兰塞姆(John Crowe Ransom)。艾略特把自己的张扬个性和坚韧头脑带到了华盛顿,担任富兰克林?罗斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)的顾问,并一直与那个圈子保持着联系。艾略特一开始可能对哈佛的本科生并不感兴趣,尤其是那些带有浓重德国口音、诚挚迫切求知求学的本科生。基辛格郁闷地笑着说:“我被分配给他时,他明确表示这对他是个很大的负担。他说,‘你不妨写一篇关于康德(Kant)的论文吧。’”绝对命令(Categorical Imperative)与政治实践?这正合年轻基辛格的心意,尽管作为前罗德学者(Rhodes Scholar)的艾略特要求他在下次会面时朗读出来——这很像贝利奥尔学院(Balliol)的风格。基辛格朗读完后,这位逃亡派诗人承认:“你的思想倒的确有点意思。”“实际上,他说他现在愿引导我的才智发展。第一步就是让我去读《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》(The Brothers Karamazov)。” |