Basic Grammar in Use Lesson 33

[운영자(AVA)]

UNIT      Older than... and more expensive than...

  89

ㅁ syllable(음절) -> 박자

    ㅇ 영어는 vowel(모음)을 기준으로 박자를 센다.

       Ex1) old -> 1박자 [이중모음]

       Ex2) easy -> 2박자

       Ex3) careful -> 2박자

ㅁ Adjective / Adverb

      Ex1) a girl -> a pretty girl

      Ex2) He is running -> He is running slowly.

ㅁ Competitive (비교급)

    1. -er (1박자의 형용사나 부사 뒤에 붙인다.

        Ex) old -> older

   2. more (2박자 이상인 형용사나 부사앞에 붙인다.)

      [예외] 'y'로 끝날 경우는 '-er'을 쓴다.

                Ex1) easy -> easier

                Ex2) careful -> more careful

                Ex3) expensive (3박자)

                        -> Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?

    ★ -er / more + than (~보다)

        Ex) John is older than Mary

[예외]

   ㅇ far -> farther

   ㅇ good -> better

   ㅇ  bad -> worse

★ 유성음(울리는 소리) / 무성음(안 울리는 소리)

    Ex) cat + s / pen + s                           

ㅁ Competitive

ㅁ than (~보다) : preposition

   -> than + objective case (me / him/ her/ them)

       Ex1) I can run faster than him. (= I can run faster than he can.)

              -> I can run fast. / He can (run fast.)

                                          s + v

       Ex2) You are a better singer than me.

             -> You are a good singer. / I am a good singer.

                  (You are a better singer than I am.)

ㅁ more / less than

    - more than : ~ 보다 더 많은

    - less than :  ~ 보다 더 적은

       <--- less than 30 -----|------ more than 30--->

      25 --------------------30 --------------------- 35

     Ex) How much are those shoes? Fifty dollars?

           No, more than that. (= more than $50)

ㅁ much (훨씬)

    Ex) John is much older than Mary.

    Ex) Canada is much bigger than France.

ㅁ a little (조금)

    Ex) Emma is a little older than Gary. - she's 26 and he's 24.

UNIT      Not as ... as

  90

[Not as ~ as]

ㅁ  not as ~ as ((기준)만큼 ~하지 않다.) | as ~ as 만큼 ~하다.

     -> 기준점을 갖고 얘기할 때

    Ex1)

A		B

 -> Box A isn't as big as box B. (상자 A는 상자 B 만큼 크지 않다.)

   Ex2) She's pretty.

      -> She is as pretty as Cleopatra.

           ㅇ [as] : (기준) 만큼

               Ex1) That isn't as big.

               Ex1) Jenny isn't as pretty.

ㅁ as much as ~ / as many as ~

    ㅇ as much as ~ : 셀 수 없을 때 (Uncountable)

    ㅇ as many as ~ : 셀 수 있을 때 (Countable)

        Ex) I haven't got as much money as you. = you've got more money.

ㅁ as : preposition

    -> as + objective case (me/him/her/them)

ㅁ the same as ~ (~와 (만큼) 같다)

    Ex) The weather today is the same as yesterday.

UNIT      The oldest and the most expensive

 91

[최상급]

ㅁSuperlative (최상급)

    1. 1박자 단어

        -> '-est'를 붙인다.

            Ex) tall -> taller (더 큰) -> tallest

            Ex) Excuse me, Where is the nearest bank?

    2. 2박자이지만 '-y'로 끝나는 단어

       -> '-est'를 붙인다.

            Ex) easy -> easier (더 쉬운) -> easiest (가장 쉬운)

    3. 2박자 이상인 단어

      -> 'most'를 앞에 붙인다.

           Ex) careful -> more careful -> most careful

           최상급 앞에는 'the'를 붙인다. (기준은 명사) / a/the는 반드시 명사에 붙이는 것이다.

          Ex) I like it best. (O) / I like it the best. (X)

               * best : 최고로

ㅁ 비교급 /  최상급

    Ex1) good -> better -> best

    Ex2) bad -> worse -> worst

ㅁ I've ever p.p~

     Ex) She is the most beautiful girl.

         -> She is the most beautiful girl I've ever seen.

             (그녀는 내가 봤던 여자 중에서 가장 예뻐요.)

     Ex) The movie was very bad.

         -> I think it's the worst movie I've ever seen. | worst moive 를 뒤에서 절이 꾸며주고 있다. = 형용사절

            (내 생각에 그 영화는 내가 봤던 영화 중에서 최악의 영화였어.)

         - I've ever met (내가 만나본 것 중에서)

         - I've ever done (내가 해 본 것 중에서)

         - I've ever eaten (내가 먹어본 것 중에서)

UNIT      Enough

  92

[enough /too]

ㅁ enough (충분한 -> 상황에 대한 판단 반영)

    -> (형용사 +) enough (+ 명사)

     Ex) I can't reach the shelf.

          ->  I'm not tall enough.

     Ex) That's good.

           -> That'a good enough.

ㅁ enough ~ to do something

Ex1) I have enough money to buy a car.

Ex2) There aren't enough chairs for everybody to sit.

ㅁ enough for somebody / something

Ex) I went to the store to buy.

  -> I went to the store for some bread.

enough + noun    but      adjective + enough

enough money               tall enough

enough time                  good enough

enough people              old enough

UNIT     Too

  93

ㅁ too : 과도해서 좋지 않은 느낌 ^^ (애로사항이 있다는 얘기임)

   Ex1) too much (너무 많은)

   Ex2) too big (너무 큰)

   Ex3) too hot (너무 더운)

   Ex4) These shoes are too big to wear

    [주의] 1. She is too beautiful (X) : 너무 예뻐서 문제될것이 있나요? ^^

                 -> She is  very / so beautiful. (그녀는 너무 예쁘다.)

              2. too cute (X) -> so cute / very cute (O)

ㅁ too ~ to do something

    Ex) It's too big to wear.

ㅁ too ~for somebody / something

    Ex) It's too big for him to wear.

[Exercise 90.3]

* Write as or than.

1. Athens is older than Rome.

2. I don't watch TV as much as you.

3. You eat more than me.

4. I feel better than I felt yesterday.

5. Jim isn't as intelligent as he thinks.

6. Belgium is smaller than Switzerland.

7. Brazil isn't as big as Canada.

8. I can't wait more than an hour.

[오늘의 팁]

1. 2개의 대상을 비교할 때에는 음절의 수에 따라 형용사에 er 를 붙이거나 앞에 more를 붙여 표현한다. 비교대상을 나타낼 때에는 than을 쓰고, 이 뒤에 대명사를 쓸 경우에는 hm,her 등 목적격이 온다.

2.3개 이상의 대상을 비교할 때에는 우선 가장~한것을 표현하게 되는데, 역시 음절의 수에 따라 형용사에 est를 붙이거나 앞에 (the) most를 붙여 표현하게 된다. I've ever, You've ever 가 뒤에 붙는 문장 형태도 기억하자

3. enough는 명사의 앞, 형용사의 뒤에 위치한다. 뒤에 for나 to를 사용하여 대상이나 동사를 이어줄 수 있다. Too는 무엇인가 과도하여 부정적인 의미를 나타낼 때 사용한다.

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