영한_교통_배소윤

[한영과 19기 배소윤]

A vision of a more sustainable mobility system | Kirstin Hegner | TEDxTUM
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nWpr3KvNDEA
 
지속가능한 교통 시스템에 대한 경제학자 Kristin Hegner의 TED 연설을 5분 길이에 맞게 편집한 텍스트본입니다.
 
[Glossary]
Unparking : 비주차화
 
[Script]
(5분 13초, 589단어)
Do you ever imagine an alien observing our mobility system? A system that kills 1.3 million people globally every year and injures 50 million more. Last year in one country alone, 2,562 people died in traffic accidents. While this is fewer than 50 years ago, it’s still too high. Additionally, 4 million worldwide die from pollution from the transportation sector, with 13,000 in that same country alone.
 
In one city, at any given time, there are around 40,000 cars in use, while 710,000 others sit idle, taking up valuable urban space. I've calculated that this unused space equals about two and a half times a large park or 12 soccer fields. The system’s capacity utilization is also appalling—only about 1.5% of all seats are being used at any time.
 
The alien might wonder why we maintain such a system. The answer is that we love the privacy and independence that cars offer. In my generation, owning a car symbolized adulthood. This attachment to cars has shaped our lives, even though the system is expensive both to individuals and society. The car is the second-largest expense for the average household after housing, and people often underestimate the true cost. They might think they spend around 200 euros per month, but in reality, it’s closer to 550 euros for a small car, 630 euros for a medium-sized car, and over 1,000 euros for a large car.
 
The external costs of cars—such as infrastructure, environmental damage, and health impacts—are not covered by individual drivers but by society. These costs can easily add up to another 400 euros per month per car.
 
Looking at transportation from a health perspective, active modes like walking and cycling are not only cheaper but also beneficial to society by keeping people healthier.
 
So, what can we do to change the system? I believe we need three things: fewer vehicles, lighter and smaller vehicles, and shared vehicles. The most effective measure to reduce the number of cars in cities is to put a price on urban space. People respond strongly to monetary measures, and while they may not be popular politically, they work. Lighter vehicles also have lower social costs because they cause fewer injuries and fatalities in accidents.
 
Shared vehicles are another solution. Autonomous driving will be a game-changer, as shared fleets will lower the cost of each trip, making it less sensible for people to own private cars.
 
Until autonomous driving becomes widespread, understanding the true cost and benefit of each mode of transport will guide better personal and political choices. For example, four years ago, I decided to use my bike for every trip under 10 kilometers. In cities like the one I mentioned, 50% of car trips are less than 5 kilometers—trips that could easily be done by bike.
 
At our mobility research center, we design urban experiments to speed up sustainable mobility solutions. One experiment, "Unparking," involved freeing up urban space by removing cars for four weeks. Participants received a mobility budget to use alternative transport modes. The results were telling: no one fully used their budget, they didn’t miss their cars in everyday routines, but they did miss them on weekends for trips outside the city.
 
These findings highlight the need for more research on the true costs and benefits of different transport modes, to inform rational political decisions. If we can do this, our mobility system won’t seem so alien anymore, and our friends from outer space won’t have to shake their heads in disbelief.
 
Thank you.
 

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