loud,sad,tear,cry,scream,clamor의 어원,소리,음 音,哭 한자발음어원 탐구,시끄럽다,(소리를)지르다,(소리가) 나다의 어원은 인도 드라비다어에서 알 수 있음

[나비우스]

운다 울다 울리다 욺 움 

cry 눈물을 흘리며 울어제긴다 운다 소리를 낸다.

산울림 메아리 

소리를 냄으로써 알린다.

일본어 소리를 훈독-->오도라고 한다.

음독으로 온 이라 한다.

옽-->옫-->오드-->오도(일본어에는 '으'발음이 없다)

맥 도널드 -->마구 도나루도

각나라 발음에서 보듯이 모음의 변화는 유동적이다.

옽-->옫-->올 -->온(드라비다어)

앝-->앋-->알 -->안

참고로 받침 n<-->m<-->ng 는 비음호환됨

한국어 음 

대만어 임

광동어 jam 얌 

북경어 인 

베트남어 âm [音]

1. 소리·음향2. 음성

발음 [엄]

드라비다어에도 소리는

울려  알려 알렸어 울렸어 

영어의 sound의 u는 v<-->w<-->u 호환발음

인도계열

타밀어 Oli

텔루구어 Sauṇḍ

신할라어 śabdaya

힌디어 dhvani

마라티어 Dhvanī

말라얄람어 śabdaṁ

칸나다어 Dhvani

clamor 역시 지름 을 어원으로 하는데 l이 반모음 적용 깨움 

영어사전

clamor 

1. (군중 등의) 시끄러운 외침, 떠들썩함   

2. (불평·항의·요구 등의) 부르짖음, 아우성, ...

스페인어사전

clamor  

1. 외침, 부르짖음, 애절한 부르짖음, 요란한 소리 

2. 군중의 격렬한 절규 3. 탄식, 한탄, 비탄

clamor (n.)

late 14c., "a great outcry," also figurative, "loud or urgent demand,"

 from Old French clamor "call, cry, appeal, outcry" 

(12c., Modern French clameur), from Latin clamor "a shout, a loud call

" (either friendly or hostile), from clamare "to cry out" 

(from PIE root *kele- (2) "to shout").

clamor (v.)

"utter loudly, shout," also figurative, "make importunate demands 

or complaints," late 14c., from clamor (n.). Related: Clamored; clamoring.

우리말 시끄럽다의 어원도

시-는 말하다 시부리다(사투리) 울다 새(혀) 말 등을 뜻한다.

끄럽 끄러 끄르-->츠럽 츠러 츠러-->즈럽 즈러 즈르 로 변환되는데

 말하다 소리치다 울리다 등의 의미를 가진다.

드라비다어에서도 살펴볼 수가 있다.

Tulu derivates : korejuni to make a noise

Proto-Nilgiri : *kor-äp- (끄럽-)

소리를 지르다 의 어원도 인도 드라비다어에서 알 수가 있다.

ㅊ ㅋ ㅎ 발음들이 서로 왔다갔다 한다.

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kil-eṛi

Proto-Dravidian : *kural-

Meaning : voice; sound

(소리를) 켤  기본형 키다 치다

【＜혀다≪석보상절(1447)≫】 켜다 [동사]『…을』 

1 나무를 세로로 톱질하여 쪼개다. 

2 현악기의 줄을 활 따위로 문질러 소리를 내다.

Meaning: to cry

Uralic: ObU *kurV 'to bark'

Kartvelian: *q̇ur- (*q̇wir-)

울,곡 哭 역시 같은 어원이다.

북경어 쿠 

cry (v.)

early 13c., "beg, implore," from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *critare,

 from Latin quiritare "to wail, shriek" 

(source of Italian gridare, Old Spanish cridar, Spanish and Portuguese gritar)

, which is of uncertain origin; perhaps a variant of quirritare "to squeal

 like a pig," from *quis, echoic of squealing, despite ancient folk etymology

 that traces it to "call for the help of the Quirites," the Roman constabulary.

 The meaning was extended 13c. to weep, which it largely replaced by 16c.

Most languages, in common with English, use the general word for "cry out, 

shout, wail" to also mean "weep, shed tears to express pain or grief." 

Romance and Slavic, however, use words for this whose ultimate meaning is

 "beat (the breast)," compare French pleurer, Spanish llorar, both 

from Latin plorare "cry aloud," but probably originally plodere "beat,

 clap the hands." Also Italian piangere (cognate with French plaindre 

"lament, pity") from Latin plangere, originally "beat," but especially 

of the breast, as a sign of grief. U.S. colloquial for crying out loud

 is 1924, probably another euphemism for for Christ's sake.

cry  끌어(소리내다,울다는 뜻) 혹은 질러-->어원

scream 역시 같은 어원이다.

scream (n.)

mid-15c., from scream (v.).

scream (v.)

late 12c., scræmen, of uncertain origin, similar to words in Scandinavian

 Dutch, German, and Flemish (such as Old Norse skræma "to terrify, scare

," Swedish scrana "to scream," Dutch schreijen "cry aloud, shriek," 

Old High German scrian, German schreien "to cry"). Related: Screamed;

 screaming. Screaming meemies is World War I army slang, originally 

a soldiers' name for a type of German artillery shell that 

made a loud noise in flight (from French woman's name Mimi), 

extended to the battle fatigue caused by long exposure to enemy fire.

(소리를)지름--->어원

외마디 소리를 지르다

scream

1.

~ (out) (in/with sth) (아픔・무서움으로) 비명을 지르다;

 (흥분 등으로) 괴성을 지르다[빽빽거리다]

2.

~ (sth) (out) (at sb) | ~ (out) (for sth/sb) 

(공포・분노 등으로) 소리치다[악을 쓰다]

[C] 비명, 절규; 날카로운 소리[소음]

She let out a scream of pain. 

그녀가 고통에 찬 비명을 질렀다.

They ignored the baby's screams. 

그들은 그 아기가 악을 쓰며 우는 것을 무시했다.

He drove off with a scream of tyres. 

그는 날카로운 타이어 소리를 내며 차를 몰고 떠났다.

kil-이나 kel-이나 어원은 소리를 켜  질러 는 같은 어원임을 알 수가 있다.

기러리--> 지르리  ㄱ-->ㅈ 발음변화 

(소리가) 나다 역시 드라비다어에서 알 수가 있는 것이다.

loud

1. (소리가) 큰, 시끄러운   2. 시끄러운   3. 야단스러운, 야한

일반적으로 l이나 r앞에는 연구개음 kh발음이 생략이 잘된다.

loud도 역시 마찬가지다.

영어의 sound의 u는 v<-->w<-->u 호환발음

(시)끄렀어-->어원

위에서 설명하였듯이 끄르다 끄럽 은 시끄럽다는 의미다.

cry 울거나 울리는 그런 소리다.

까리피다 할퀴거나 끍는 소리 등을 말한다.

얘야 의자 좀 살살 끌어라! 시끄러워 디지겠다.~*,,*a

loud (adj.)

Middle English, from Old English hlud "noisy; making or emitting noise" 

(of voices, musical instruments, etc.), from Proto-Germanic *hludaz "heard"

 (source also of Old Frisian and Old Saxon hlud, Middle Dutch luut, Dutch luid,

 Old High German hlut, German laut "loud"), from

 PIE *klutos- (source also of Sanskrit srutah, Greek klytos "heard of, celebrated,

" Latin inclutus "renowned, famous," Armenian lu "known," Irish cloth "noble, 

brave," Welsh clod "praise, fame"), suffixed form of root *kleu- "to hear."

Of places, "noisy," from 1590s. Application to colors, garments, etc. 

("flashy, showy") is by 1849. Also used colloquially of notably strong

 or bad smells. Paired with clear (adj.) at least since c. 1650.

loud (adv.)

Old English hlude "loudly, noisily," from Proto-Germanic *khludai 

(source also of Dutch luid, German laut), from the source of loud (adj.).

sad (adj.)

Old English sæd "sated, full, having had one's fill 

(of food, drink, fighting, etc.), weary of," from 

Proto-Germanic *sathaz (source also of Old Norse saðr

, Middle Dutch sat, Dutch zad, Old High German sat, 

German satt, Gothic saþs "satiated, sated, full"), 

from PIE *seto-

짰어 짰다-->어원

sad의 어원도 cry 처럼 소리를 낸다는 것에 어원을 두고 있다.

소리내어 운다는 말이다.

굳이 말하자면 짜다-->어원

tear 눈물을 나타내는 이 말도 짜-->어원

질질 좀 짜지 마라~

떼어 혹은 째-->어원2

이건 찢다 는 뜻이다.

ㅌ(ㄸ)-->ㅊ(ㅉ) 발음변천과정을 거친다.

대만어 啼哭 thî-khàu

광동어 哭 huk1 啼 타이 tai4

베트남어 khóc [哭]

1. 울다2. 눈물을 흘리다3. 아우성치다

발음 [콕]

啼 [울 제]

1. 울다 2. (새나 짐승이)울부짖다 3. 소리내어 울다 4. 눈물

북경어

啼 [tí] 

1.소리내어 울다. 훌쩍이다. 2.(새나 짐승이) 울다.

아래 어원자료 참고하자.

Proto-Dravidian : *ol-

Meaning : to make sounds

Proto-South Dravidian: *ol-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ol-

Meaning : to sound, roar, etc.

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : oli (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to sound, roar; n. sound, noise, roar, speech

Tamil derivates : olippu sonorousness, roar; ōl sound, lullaby; ōlam sound, noise, roar, cry of lamentation; ōl āṭṭu to sing a lullaby; ulampu (ulampi-) to make a noise, roar, thunder; ulappal, ulampal combined noise of many sounds; ōlu (ōli-) to make a noise

Malayalam : oli

Malayalam meaning : a sound

Malayalam derivates : olikka to sound, as running water, ring bell; ulampuka to make a noise; ulappam hubbub, clamour; ōlam cry for help; ōli howling; a jackal

Kannada : uli (ulid-)

Kannada meaning : to sound, cry, utter, speak, say; n. sound, cry, word

Kannada derivates : ole a sound; (PBh.) to utter; ulipa, ulipu, ulivu, uluvu a sound, cry

Kodagu : oli

Kodagu meaning : noise of a metal bell

Proto-Nilgiri : *ol-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *ol-

Meaning : noise

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : oj

Additional forms : Also Kota ōl āṭ- (āc-) to drive round bullocks when threshing

Number in DED : 996

Number in DED : 0996

Proto-Telugu : *ul-ij-

 

Proto-Telugu : *ul-ij-

Meaning : to sound, resound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : uliyu

Additional forms : Also ulivu sound, voice

Number in DED : 996

Proto-North Dravidian : *ol-q-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *ol-q-

Meaning : to cry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : olOxnā (ulxyas) "in phrase cīxnā olOxnā to bewail, lament"

Malto : olg̣e "to cry, weep"

Number in DED : 996

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔǝm

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

 

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʕwḗnɨ (~ ʔw-, -u)

Meaning: sound; air movement

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ʔwēnɨ (~ ʕw-, -u)

 

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔwēnɨ (~ -u)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

 

Meaning: air movement; cold, rheumatism

Proto-Nakh: *ʔān

 

Proto-Nakh: *ʔān

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

 

Meaning: rheumatic pain, rheumatism

Chechen: ān

Ingush: a

Batsbi: ã

Comments: Obl. base *ʔāne-, cf. Chech. ēna-, Ing. ano, Bacb. ani-. 3d class in all languages.

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔVnV

 

Protoform: *ʔVnV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rheumatism

Avar: onó-d (dial.)

Comments: The Av. form reflects a former plural in -d. If we take into account the original meaning 'movement of air' ( > 'sound'), we could compare also the Tind. verbal root un- 'to talk, speak' (otherwise isolated).

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔʷen

 

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔʷen

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sound

Meaning : "sound" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *ar_-a-

Meaning : to speak, sound

Proto-South Dravidian: *ar_-ai-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ar_-ai

Meaning : to sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ar_ai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to speak, sound; n. sound, word, reply

Kannada : ar_acu, ar_icu, ar_ucu, arcu

Kannada meaning : to cry out aloud, clamour, scream

Kannada derivates : racce crying aloud, noisy and abusive clamour

Tulu : areduni

Tulu meaning : to low

Miscellaneous : KOR (T) ajike speech

Number in DED : 0319

Proto-Telugu : *ar_-a-

 

Proto-Telugu : *ar_-a-

Meaning : to cry or cry out, shout, clamour, shriek, bark, bray, crow, bellow

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ar_acu

Additional forms : Also ar_apu a cry, shriek, yell, shout, clamour; r_aŋke roar, cry; r_antu noise; rajju useless talk; (B) vb. to be talkative, prattle; n. boast

Number in DED : 319

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ara-s-/*ara-p- (*-r_-)

Proto-Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : to sound

Proto-South Dravidian: *kar-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kar-

Meaning : to sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : karai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to sound, roar, weep, lament, call, invite

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to call, summon

Malayalam : karayuka

Malayalam meaning : to cry, lament, neigh, caw, caterwaul

Malayalam derivates : karaccil weeping, crying, lamentation; cry of certain animals or birds; karaḷuka to mumble; karaḷca mumbling

Kannada : kare, kari

Kannada meaning : to emit a sound, sound, call, invite

Kannada derivates : karasu, karisu, karesu, kareyisu to cause to call, have called, cause to sound, shout together; karaha, kareyuvike calling, etc.

Tulu : kareyuni, karevuni

Tulu meaning : to crow

Tulu derivates : karmbuni to mutter; gaggelyuni to roar, cry

Proto-Nilgiri : *karV-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *karV-

Meaning : to bellow

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : karv- (kard-) "to bellow, caw"

Toda : kar- (karɵ-)

Additional forms : Also Toda kark bellowing

Notes : Stem vowel -ä- supposed by external data.

Number in DED : 1291

Number in DED : 1291

Proto-Telugu : *kar-V-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kar-V-

Meaning : the sound of a bell

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kraŋgu

Additional forms : Also krandu to sound, ring, lament; n. sound, noise

Number in DED : 1291

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kar-

Meaning : to call; to shout

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naiki : karug-/karuk- "to call, crow, invite, summon"

Parji : kerip- (kerit-) "(S) to cackle"

Additional forms : Also Naiki karup- to cause to summon (a physician)

Number in DED : 1291

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-a-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kar-a-

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kar-ŋ-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kara-

Proto-Dravidian : *kil-

Meaning : to cry; to sound

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *Ḳä[lH]ä

Meaning: tongue, to speak

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kel- 'rufen, schreien' (WP 1, 443).

Altaic: *k`i̯ali

 

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ăli

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: tongue

Russian meaning: язык

Turkic: *kele-

 

Proto-Turkic: *kele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to speak 2 talk, conversation

Russian meaning: 1 говорить 2 речь, слово

Old Turkic: kele-čü 2

Turkish: dial. keleǯi 2

Middle Turkic: keleči 2 (Houts.), keleče 2 (MA)

Chuvash: kala- 1

Kirghiz: keleč-söz 2

Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. kälmä 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.

Mongolian: *kele-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to say 2 tongue, language

Russian meaning: 1 сказать, говорить 2 язык

Written Mongolian: kele- 1, kele 2 (L 447)

Middle Mongolian: kele(n), (SH), kelen (HY 45) 2, kele- 1 (SH, HYt), kele- (IM), kä̆lä̆-, kilä̆n 1 (MA)

Khalkha: xele- 1, xel 2

Buriat: xele- 1, xele(n) 2

Kalmuck: kelǝ- 1, kelṇ 2

Ordos: kele- 1, kele 2

Dongxian: kielie- 1, kielien 2

Baoan: kele- 1, kelaŋ (MGCD kalaŋ) 2

Dagur: xele- 1, xeli, xeĺ 2 (Тод. Даг. 175), hele- 1, heli 2 (MD 159)

Shary-Yoghur: kelen 2

Monguor: kile- 1, kile 2 (SM 203)

Mogol: kelä- 1, (Weiers), kelän 2; ZM kelä (2-4b) 2

Comments: KW 223, 224, MGCD 340. Mong. > Evk. kele etc., see Doerfer MT 131, Rozycki 104.

Tungus-Manchu: *xilŋü

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xilŋü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tongue

Russian meaning: язык

Evenki: inńi

Even: ienŋъ

Negidal: ińŋi

Spoken Manchu: ileŋǝ, ilŋi

Literary Manchu: ileŋgu

Jurchen: hileŋ-ŋu (499)

Ulcha: sińu

Orok: sinu

Nanai: śirmu, siŋmu

Oroch: iŋi

Udighe: iŋi

Solon: iŋi

Comments: ТМС 1, 316-317.

Korean: *kằró-

 

Proto-Korean: *kằró-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to say (a defective verb)

Russian meaning: говорить (глагол, вводящий прямую речь)

Modern Korean: kalodwe

Middle Korean: kằródắi

Comments: Nam 11, KED 12.

Comments: EAS 47, KW 223, ОСНЯ 1, 346, TMN 1, 471-472 ("altes indoeur. Lw." - ?), АПиПЯЯ 57-58, 292. Despite the latter source, Kor. hjǝ́ 'tongue' is to be separated - see a discussion in Miller 1998, who has (following Shiratori), instead compared Kor. kăro- (but, quite unjustly, separated PTM *xilŋü). The Korean reflex remains, however, questionable, since the word can also - following Martin 1996, 75 - be compared with Jpn. *kátár- 'tell', and thus derived from *k`ēro q. v.

Uralic: *kele (kēle)

 

Number: 282

Proto: *kele (kēle)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: tongue, language

German meaning: Zunge, Sprache

Finnish: kieli (gen. kielen) 'Zunge, Sprache; Saite, Glockenklöppel'

Estonian: keel (gen. keele) 'Zunge, Sprache; Saite, Schlinge'

Saam (Lapp): giellâ -l- (N) 'language; snare, trap', kiella (L) 'id.; Stimme', kīll (T Kld.), kiell (Not.), ḱel (A) 'Sprache; Garn zum Vogelfang'

Mordovian: keĺ (E), käĺ (M) 'Zunge; Sprache'

Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮l (S), kǝ̑l (K), kị̑l (G) 'Zunge, Sprache, Wort, Rede'

Komi (Zyrian): ki̮l (S), ki̮v (P), køl (PO) 'Zunge; Sprache, Rede, Wort (S P PO); язычок, насторожка в ловушке' (S), Glockenschwengel (PO)'

Khanty (Ostyak): köl (V) 'Wort; Nachricht, Neuigkeit; Sprache', ket (DN) 'Wort', keл (Kaz.) 'id., Nachricht' ( > Mansi folk. N kēl 'Rede, Sprache')

Mansi (Vogul): kėlä^.- (T) 'erfahren', kälǟ^.mt- (TJ) 'заметить', kɔ̄̈lǝmt- (KU) 'пытать, спрашивать' ?

Nenets (Yurak): śe (Nj.) 'Zunge'

Enets (Yen): sioðo, ɵiʔoro (Ch.), sioro (B)

Nganasan (Tawgi): sieja

Selkup: šē (TaU, Ty.), sē (Tur.), sée (Ke.)

Kamass: šǝkǝ

Janhunen's version: (81) *käxli

Sammalahti's version: *käxli

Addenda: Koib. seka, siul 'Zunge'; Mot. kašte; Karag. гысте; Taig. kište, käštä

Yukaghir parallels: kal- 'sprechen', geinerr 'Zungen, Sprache'

Kartvelian: Georg. ḳel- 'Geschrei erheben'

Dravidian: *kil-

Eskimo-Aleut: *qilaɣa-

 

Proto-Eskimo: *qilaɣa-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: palate, roof of mouth

Russian meaning: нёбо

Proto-Yupik: *qilaГa-

Proto-Inupik: *qilaɣ(a)-

Comments: This stem is is not related to *qilaɣ (-ɫuɣ) 'sky, cloud'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304

Comments: [For CK, NY cf. *ḳiwlV]. Niv. qlai 'рассуждать, разговаривать'. CSkh. *gùl- 'to speak badly'.

References: МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 346-347, Tyler 129; ND 1049 *ḳaL(V)ħV 'to shout, cry, weep, make noise'; 1053 *Ḳälya 'tongue'; 1039 *ḲäyLa 'to shout, call' (differing from *Ḳälya only by a very dubious Mong. qajla- 'shout').

Proto-South Dravidian: *kIl-ai-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kIl-ai-

Meaning : to sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cilai (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to sound, resound, roar, twang; rage, be angry; n. sound, roar, bellow, twang

Tamil derivates : cil sound, noise; cill-en_al onom. expr. of shrill sound; cilampu (cilampi-) to sound, make a tinkling noise, echo; n. sound, noise, resonance; tinkling anklets; cilampal sound of a lute; a chatterer; cilucilu (-pp-, -tt-) to sound (as in frying), talk without restraint, make a hissing noise; cilumpu (cilumpi-) to sound; (Tinn.) celaŋke a tiny bell

Malayalam : cila, cilappu, cileppu

Malayalam meaning : ringing sound

Malayalam derivates : cilekka to rattle, tinkle, chatter, chirp, bark; cilampu foot-trinket filled with pebbles for tinkling, worn by dancers; cilampuka to tinkle, be out of tune; kāl-cilaŋku anklet

Kannada : kele

Kannada meaning : to cry or shout with energy or for joy, vociferate (abusively)

Kannada derivates : keleta abusive vociferation; cili an imit. sound; sele sound, noise, echo

Tulu : kilevuni, kilēvuni

Tulu meaning : to whistle, resound

Tulu derivates : kelepuni, kilepuni to crow

Proto-Nilgiri : *kil-

Miscellaneous : KOR (O) kelappu to cry

Number in DED : 1574

Proto-Telugu : *kel-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kel-

Meaning : to sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : celãgu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kelayu "to rage"

Additional forms : Also [1] kilārincu, [2] kilārucu to make a noise, shout

Notes : Forms with k- should be considered borrowings from Kannada.

Number in DED : 1574

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kil-i-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kil-i-

Meaning : to cry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kili-

 

Proto-Gondi : *kili-

Meaning : to weep, cry

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : kilītānā "to weep loudly"

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : killītānā "to chirp, cry out"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kilītānā "to cry out, scream"

Muria Gondi : kil-/kill- "to weep, (owl) to hoot, (animals) to cry"

Maria Gondi : kil(i)- "to scream, (child) to cry"

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kilānā "to weep"

Adilabad Gondi : kiliyānā "to shout"

Chanda Gondi : kīlitānā "to roar (as a tiger)"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu caus. kilh-/kilih-

Number in DED : 1574

Number in CVOTGD : 695

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kil-eṛi

 

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kil-eṛi

Meaning : to shout

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : klīri inba "to shriek"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kileri-kīali "to shout, yell"

Kuwi (Schulze) : kileḍi kīnai

Additional forms : Also Kui klīri klīri ṛīva to shriek with fear; klīsi klīsi ṛīva to shout with vehemence; Kuwi_S klīrinai, klīri innai to yell

Notes : The form common for both languages is *kileṛi (although we have simple -r- in Kui. maybe it is misspelled, maybe due to vocalic context); in Kui it has been metathesed > *klīri. The form klīsi is specifically a Kui one and should go back to *kil-ci (or *kil-eci). Cf. also PK *klā-.

Number in DED : 1574

Proto-Dravidian : *kural-

Meaning : voice; sound

Proto-South Dravidian: *kUral-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kUral-

Meaning : voice; throat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kural

Tamil meaning : voice, word, throat, windpipe

Tamil derivates : kuravai chorus of shrill sound made by women on festive occasions

Malayalam : kural, kuraḷ

Malayalam meaning : sound, voice, throat, neck of palm tree

Malayalam derivates : kurava shouting (esp. of women)

Kannada : koral, koraḷ, korḷu, koḷ, koḷḷu

Kannada meaning : sound, voice, throat, neck

Kannada derivates : koralcu to call or cry out; kural to cry, shout

Kodagu : kora

Kodagu meaning : gullet, windpipe

Tulu : kurelụ

Tulu meaning : nape of the neck

Tulu derivates : (B-K) kuralụ, koralụ humming of a tune, responding to a call

Number in DED : 1774

Proto-Telugu : *krōl-

 

Proto-Telugu : *krōl-

Meaning : to sing, chirp, read out, recite

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : krōlcu, krōlucu

Number in DED : 1774

Proto-Dravidian : *kūr-

Meaning : to bark; to sound

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *q̇urV

Meaning: to cry

Uralic: ObU *kurV 'to bark'

Kartvelian: *q̇ur- (*q̇wir-)

 

Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇ur- (*q̇wir-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: выть

English meaning: to howl

Georgian: q̇urq̇ul-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): волчий или собачий вой; q̇wir- 'кричать'

Georgian meaning (Engl.): wolf's or dog's howl; q̇wir- 'to shout'

Megrel: 'ur-

Laz: q̇ur-, 'ur-

Laz meaning (Rus.): кричать, сердиться

Laz meaning (Eng.): to shout, get angry

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 211, EWK 420.

Dravidian: *kūr-

 

References: ND 1938 *q̇ur[ħ]V 'to bark, howl' (+ dub. IE and Sem.)

Proto-South Dravidian: *kUr-ai-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kUr-ai-

Meaning : to bark; to cough

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kurai (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to bark, jubilate, shout; n. noise, roar, shout

Tamil derivates : kuraippu noise; kukkal, kukkan_ dog

Malayalam : kura

Malayalam meaning : disagreeable sound, cough, barking

Malayalam derivates : kurekka to cough, bark, hem; kūrkka, kūrkkam, kūrkku snoring, war-cry, roar

Kannada : kure

Kannada meaning : an imitative sound

Kannada derivates : kure kure a sound used in calling a dog

Kodagu : kora- (korap-, korat-)

Kodagu meaning : to bark

Kodagu derivates : kūke a snore; kūke bali- to snore

Tulu : korapuni, korepini, korepuni

Tulu meaning : to bark, roar

Tulu derivates : korejuni to make a noise

Proto-Nilgiri : *kor-äp-

Number in DED : 1796

Proto-Telugu : *kukk-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kukk-

Meaning : dog

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kukka

Number in DED : 1796

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kū̆r-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kū̆r-

Meaning : to groan

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kūr-

Additional forms : Also Parji (S) kuri- (owl) hoots

Number in DED : 1796

Proto-North Dravidian : *kūr

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *kūr

Meaning : call to a dog

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : kūr-kūr

Number in DED : 1796

Brahui : xurr-ukāv

 

Brahui : xurr-ukāv

Meaning : a snore

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1796

Notes : Expressive. Telugu *kukk- < *kurk-.

Proto-Dravidian : *ńar-

Meaning : to sound; to grumble

Proto-South Dravidian: *ńar-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ńar-

Meaning : to sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ñaral (ñaralv-, ñaran_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to sound, make noise

Tamil derivates : ñeral sound, noise; naral (naralv-, naran_r_-) to sound, make noise, creak, roar, low (as cows), caw, hum (as many voices), cry; naralvu sounding, roaring, high, pitch, vibrating sound of a lute; naralai roaring, sea (as roaring); narar_r_u (narar_r_i-) to cause to sound, produce sound

Malayalam : ñaraŋŋuka, naraŋŋuka

Malayalam meaning : to grumble, groan

Malayalam derivates : ñarakkam, narakkam moan, groan

Kannada : naraku

Kannada meaning : to groan, etc.

Kannada derivates : naraṭu grumbling; naral, neraḷu to groan, moan; caus. naralisu, naraḷisu

Kodagu : nerak- (neraki-)

Kodagu meaning : to groan

Tulu : narakuni, narkuni, naraluni, narluni, nerluni, naraḷuni

Tulu meaning : to sigh, groan, moan, grumble

Tulu derivates : narakele, nargele a grumbler; naraṭuni to grumble

Number in DED : 2904

Proto-Telugu : *nar-ag-

 

Proto-Telugu : *nar-ag-

Meaning : a drum

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : naraga

Number in DED : 2904

Proto-North Dravidian : *nar-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *nar-

Meaning : to hum, weep and sob loudly so as to attract attention

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : naryaʔānā

Number in DED : 2904

Proto-Dravidian : *saḍ-

Meaning : sound

Proto-South Dravidian: *ǯaḍ-i- (*s-)

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ǯaḍ-i- (*s-)

Meaning : sound of birds

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : jaḍipa

Kannada meaning : the sound or cry of birds

Number in DED : 2299

Proto-Telugu : *saḍ-i

 

Proto-Telugu : *saḍ-i

Meaning : noise

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : saḍi

Number in DED : 2299

Proto-North Dravidian : *saḍ-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *saḍ-

Meaning : sound

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : saḍḍnā "to emit a sound, ring, clank"

Malto : saḍi "a sound, voice"

Additional forms : Also KUR saṛā sound, noise.

Number in DED : 2299