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Topic1)The 16 best universities in the world by excellence in subjects

Written by Will Martin/ Digital Fellow, Business Insider UK

Published Monday 4 April 2016

Every year QS releases a ranking of all the best universities in the world by subject and region. The study takes into account the opinions of thousands of academics and employers, as well as the number of times work done by people at the university is cited in academic research. It's a hugely comprehensive survey, and is respected across the world.

In its 2016 list, released on Tuesday, QS, a British company specialising in education andstudy abroad, ranked 42 different academic disciplines across the board, more than any other ranking it has ever done. To honour this Business Insider decided to rank the world's universities based on how many different categories they rank first in.

In total, 16 different universities came top of at least one of the 42 subjects, which range from economics to history, all the way to mineral and mining engineering. The universities right at the top are well-known, and there aren't too many surprises. However, further down the list, there are some pretty unknown institutions.

Check out the list below. The number in brackets represents the number of academic disciplines each university topped QS' ranking in.

University of California, Davis (1) — Just outside the city of Sacramento, Davis is one of the 10 constituent campuses of the University of California. It’s the place to go if you want to become a vet, ranking first of any university on earth.

University of Pittsburgh (1) — Aspiring philosophers should head to the American city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the philosophy programme is ranked as the best in the world by QS. Notable alumni of Pitt include three Nobel Prize winners, and NFL MVP quarterback Dan Marino.

The Juilliard School (1) — Located in New York City, Juilliard is probably the most famous performing arts school in the world. It’s also the best, at least according to QS. The company ranks Juilliard as the best place on earth to do a performing arts degree.

University of Pennsylvania (1) — Located in Philadelphia, home of the Liberty Bell, Penn, as it is known, is top of QS’ rankings when it comes to getting an education in nursing. At the latest count, the university’s School of Nursing had 646 students.

University of California, Berkeley (1) — Often regarded as the academic pinnacle of the University of California, Berkeley is located just across the bay from tech hub San Francisco. However, it’s not technology based subjects where Berkeley excels. QS ranks it as the best university in the world for studying environmental sciences.

Colorado School of Mines (1) — Given it’s name it’s probably not surprising that the university excels when it comes to mining and mineral engineering, where it is ranked as the best university in the world. Located in the town of Golden, Colorado, the college’s alumni network includes several CEOs at major mining firms, and, strangely, a Major League Soccer player.

University College London Institute of Education (1) — Another university where the name is something of a giveaway. QS ranks UCL’s Institute of Education as the best place on earth to study for a degree in education. It currently has over 4,000 students studying for a variety of education-based degrees.

ETH Zurich (1) — ETH, short for Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is home to the best degree programme for students wanting to study earth and marine sciences. The university boasts more than twenty Nobel Prizes, and once educated perhaps the world’s most famous scientist, Albert Einstein.

University of Hong Kong (1) — If you want to spend your life ensuring people have a mouth full of perfect, white teeth, then the University of Hong Kong is the place to go. QS ranks it as the best school in the world when it comes to a dentistry degree. In total, nearly 28,000 students are enrolled at the university, although only around 350 students are currently enrolled in the school of dentistry, as it is incredibly selective.

University of Southern California (1) — USC isn’t affiliated with the University of California, but there’s clearly something in the water in California that makes universities the best in the world. USC ranks first in QS’ ranking for doing a degree in communications and media studies.

The Royal College of Art (1) — The RCA, based in South Kensington in London, tops the table in one crucial degree subject. It’s not really surprising to learn that that degree is art & design. RCA alumni include world famous British painter David Hockney, and the late actor Alan Rickman.

Wageningen University (1) — You may never have heard of Wageningen University, but for students aspiring to do a degree in Agriculture and Forestry, Wageningen is the pinnacle. The university is located in the Dutch town of Wageningen, around 50 miles from the capital, Amsterdam.

University of Cambridge (3) — Cambridge is ranked first by QS in three separate subjects, so if you want to study archaeology and become the next Indiana Jones, do a degree in mathematics, or study history (joint winner with Oxford) Cambridge is the place to go.

University of Oxford (4) — Oxford just about wins the heated battle between itself and Cambridge, topping the charts in four degree subjects; modern languages, geography, english language, and literature, and history (although it is joint-winner with Cambridge in that one.) Oxford’s alumni network reads like a who’s who of Britain’s finest minds, including 26 prime ministers.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (12) — MIT when ranked by the number of subjects it tops the pile in, is the joint best university in the world but can’t quite reach the top spot on its own. However, it tops the table in 12 different degree subjects, including, but not limited to, economics and econometrics, linguistics, physics, astrophysics, and chemistry.

Harvard University (12) — Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, comes out in a tie with its cross state rival MIT, when it comes to the number of degrees that are the best in the world. Harvard comes out on top in 12 of QS’ 42 categories, including heavy hitters like law, business & management, and political & international studies.

More from Business Insider

Article source: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/04/the-16-best-universities-in-the-world-by-excellence-in-subjects?utm_content=buffer8247f&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

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<Questions>

Q1. In your university, which subject is in excellence compare to other universities' subject across the world? Why do you think like that? 

Q2. What is the strength and weakness of your university? 

Q3. Which university is the most prestigious in your field across the world? 

Q4. What was your major? How about your present job? Do you think your current job has something to do with your major? How does it help your job assignment now? 

Topic2) Can you spot a lie?

Is everyone lying to you?

The chances are that you will have already told a lie today. Statistics say that we can’t go more than a few hours without being economical with the truth and, on average, most people tell at least one big lie every few days.

We all like to think we're good at spotting other people's lies, but research suggests that the wool can be comfortably pulled over our eyes. Psychologists have explored many different ways of trying to identify when people lie, but are these methods accurate? Can you really spot a liar?

The truth about lies and how to spot them.

We all like to think that we can pick out a porky, but what is the truth behind separating the ne'er-do-wells from the goodie two-shoes?

Can you identify a fake smile?

Spotting an insincere smile is all about reading the eyes. See if you can sort the bogus beams from the genuine grins...

Test your powers of detection

Everyone has tried to put on a forced smile when the situation calls for it, but can you tell when somebody else is doing it?

Which smile is fake?

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The tools of truth

We've seen that humans aren't overly reliable in identifying a lie, but have advances in science been proven to help?

Ocular tracking

Ocular tracking uses equipment that can track your gaze and visual path in order to gauge your cognitive state. The technology can tell when and how long for an object captures your attention, how long for, how quickly your eye moves to it and what you overlook. The data is then examined to measure the workload your brain is under.

The theory is that a person who is being dishonest will show physical signs of the mental effort involved in concocting the lie. These include dilated pupils, looking to the left or right, breaking eye contact and taking longer than normal to read or to answer questions.

Although several studies have been conducted to test the theory that eye movement can be used to spot a liar, none have so far been able to prove this. Some have even shown there to be no difference between the eye movement of a liar and someone telling the truth.

Truth serum

First used during interrogations in the 1920s, truth serum is a medication used to obtain information from a person against their will. What we call truth serum can be a drug, or combination of drugs, called barbiturates which slow down your thought processes and lower your inhibitions.

It is the slowing down of brain processes that makes it more difficult to concentrate on forming a lie and therefore more likely that a subject will tell the truth.

However, studies show it is still possible for a person to lie under the influence of truth serum, and it is difficult to distinguish between deception, fantasy and garbled speech. The drug is said to lower the threshold for reporting all information whether true or false, producing a stream of consciousness.

Voice analysis

Voice analysis is the process of examining a person’s speech to see if stress can be detected. The theory is that stress levels will rise in the voice of a person who is lying but will not change in the speech of an innocent person. The acoustic characteristics and intonation of speech specimens are examined for fluctuations.

Scientific research, however, does not back up the effectiveness of this technique, and studies suggest the results are no better than chance.

Similarly to the polygraph test, stress in speech can be present for reasons other than deception.

Polygraph

The polygraph was invented in 1921 by John Augustus Larson. It measures blood pressure, pulse, respiration and skin connectivity to see what physiological response a subject has to questioning.

The polygraph relies on a widely criticised theory that someone telling a lie will be anxious, whereas an innocent person will be calm under questioning. However, it is not generally accepted in the scientific community that there are any physiological signs of lying. If a person shows an anxious response, it could be that this anxiety is caused by something else, such as fear of a false result, or merely shows that they are passionate about their innocence.

Nervousness, post-traumatic stress disorder, confusion and depression are other possible explanations for an innocent person failing the polygraph test.

[Questions]

1. How was the test results? The answer is A,A,A,A,B,B,A,B

2. Do you have any tips on detecting lies?

3. What if you accuse someone of lying, and then it turns out that they're not lying?

4. What do you do if someone thinks you're lying but you're not?

5. How to tell if someone is lying?

6. What are some of biggiest lies ever told?

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