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평균 기령이 30년을 넘을 정도로 기령이 고령화되니 F-15EX에 이어서 F-16 Block 80을 도입하는 게 어떠냐는 주장이 의회에서 나오나 보네요. CCA는 F-35나 F-22와 협업하는 용도지 F-16, F-15를 대체하는 역할은 아니라고 합니다.
미 공군 참모총장, ‘블록 80’ F-16 구매 가능성에 응답
노후 전투기 문제 여전… “드론만으론 부족” 토마스 뉴딕(Thomas Newdick) | 2025년 5월 20일 발행
미 공군 참모총장 데이비드 올빈(David Allvin) 장군은 오늘, F-16 전투기의 새로운 버전인 이른바 ‘블록 80’이 향후 공군의 전투력 규모를 확대하는 수단이 될 수 있는지에 대한 질문에 답변했다. 공군은 아직 F-16 ‘바이퍼(Viper)’를 다시 구매할 계획은 없지만, 이 주제가 진지하게 논의되고 있다는 점은 흥미롭다. 이는 F-47 유인 스텔스 전투기와 협업 전투 항공기(CCA: Collaborative Combat Aircraft) 드론의 도입을 고려하고 있는 시점과 맞물린다. 현재도 공군은 F-35A 스텔스 전투기와 F-15EX를 계속 구매하고 있다.
이날 올빈 장군은 프랭크 켄달 공군장관, 찬스 솔츠먼 우주작전참모총장과 함께 상원 군사위원회 청문회에 참석했다. 공화당 상원 의원이자 정보위원회 의장인 토머스 코튼 의원은, 일부 노후 전투기들이 2040년대까지도 운용될 것이라는 점을 지적하며, 새로운 전투기를 도입할 필요성에 대해 질문을 던졌다.
“향후 10년만 놓고 보더라도 현재의 전력 확보 수단은 매우 제한적입니다,”라고 코튼 의원은 말하며, 다음과 같은 질문을 올빈 장군에게 던졌다.
“만약 의회가 자금을 확보할 수 있다면, 미국 사양으로 새로 제작된 블록 80 F-16을 이용해 전투기 전력을 강화할 수 있겠습니까?”
이에 대해 올빈 장군은,
“그 수출형을 블록 80으로 조정하고 생산 라인에 추가할 경우의 시간과 비용 등을 따져봐야 하므로, 좀 더 자세한 내용을 파악한 후에 답변을 드릴 수 있을 것 같습니다.” 라고 답변했다.
그리고 그는 덧붙였다.
“이 문제는 방산 산업 기반이 감당할 수 있는지에 달려 있습니다. 지금 블록 70은 해외 군사판매(FMS) 수요 때문에 생산 라인과 생산 능력을 상당 부분 점유하고 있는 것으로 알고 있습니다.”
현재 사우스캐롤라이나주 그린빌(Greenville)의 록히드마틴 공장에서 수출용으로 생산되고 있는 블록 70/72 F-16은 이미 고성능 전자장비와 능동 전자주사 레이더, 디지털 전자전 장비를 갖춘 기종이다. 만약 블록 80이 현실화된다면, 공군의 요구에 맞춘 더 고급 사양의 기체가 될 것으로 추정된다.
다만 블록 80이라는 명칭이 실제 개념으로 존재하는지, 아니면 청문회에서 임의로 사용된 표현인지 여부는 불확실하며, TWZ 측은 이에 대해 록히드마틴에 질의한 상태다.
블록 80과 별개로, 코튼 의원은 현재 수출용으로 제작 중인 블록 70/72를 미 공군이 운용할 수 있는 가능성에 대해서도 질문했다. 이에 대해서도 올빈 장군은 “수출형 기체가 가능한 일과 불가능한 일을 검토하고, 미국산 기체와의 통합 가능성과 비용 문제 등을 평가한 후에야 제대로 된 답을 드릴 수 있다”고 말했다.
생산능력 한계는 여전히 이 전투기들을 미국이 자체 조달하는 데 장애 요인이다. 실제로 2021년, 당시 공군 조달·기술·물류 차관보였던 윌 로퍼 박사는 F-16의 개량형 도입 가능성을 언급한 바 있다. 그러나 당시 참모총장이던 찰스 Q. 브라운 주니어 장군은 강하게 반대했다. 그 이유는 F-16이 소프트웨어 업데이트 속도가 느리고, 개방형 소프트웨어 구조가 부족하여 신속한 재설정이 어렵다는 점 때문이었다.
그 대신 브라운 장군은 **완전히 새로운 설계의 전투기(clean-sheet design)**를 언급했다. 그는 이를 “4.5세대 또는 5세대에 약간 못 미치는” 기체로, F-16을 대체할 수 있는 저비용 대량 구매 가능한 기체로 상정했다.
그럼에도 불구하고, F-16의 미래 조달 가능성이 완전히 사라진 것은 아닌 듯하다. 올빈 장군은 오늘, 공군이 **“고성능 전투기와 더 단순한 전투기 간 균형”**을 갖춰야 하며, **“인도·태평양 전장에 대응할 수 있는 능력과 충분한 수량의 조화”**가 중요하다고 강조했다.
그는 또한, 현재 개발 중인 CCA 드론이 유인 전투기(F-16, F-15E 등)를 완전히 대체할 수는 없다고 말했다.
“CCA는 훌륭한 보조 전력입니다. F-35나 F-22, 향후 도입될 F-47과 협업할 수는 있겠지만, 1:1 대체는 적합하지 않다고 봅니다.”
노후화된 F-16 기체를 계속 운용하는 데 따른 문제도 지적되었다.
“기체가 오래될수록 유지비는 증가하고, 임무 가동률도 낮아집니다. 평균적으로 현역 F-16은 냉전 말기에 제작된 기체들입니다.”
2024년 기준, F-16C의 **임무 가동률(MCR)은 64%**로 2021년의 72%에서 하락했고, F-22는 52%, 반면 새로 도입된 F-15EX는 86%에 달한다.
F-16의 공식 후계기로는 F-35A가 지목돼 있으나, 공군 내부에서는 전통적 전술기 전부를 F-35로 대체하려는 움직임은 다소 제한적인 것으로 보인다. F-35A 도입 목표는 1,763기로 유지되고 있지만, 2018년에는 이를 1,050기로 줄이는 방안을 담은 내부 연구도 있었다.
게다가, 공군은 F-35A 외에도 F-15EX도 병행 도입 중이다. 이는 공군이 4세대 기체를 완전히 포기하지 않았음을 보여준다. 또한 올빈 장군은 **경량 유인 전투기(light fighter)**의 개념을 언급하며, 작년 글로벌 항공우주 수뇌 회의에서 해당 개념 일러스트도 공개한 바 있다.
F-35의 비용이 역대 최다 국방 지출을 기록하는 만큼, 공군 내부에서 더 저렴한 유인 전투기에 대한 논의는 여전히 유효하다. 현재 수출용 고급 F-16이 생산되고 있는 상황에서, ‘바이퍼’의 또 다른 진화형이 미 공군용으로 논의되고 있다는 사실 자체는 그리 놀랄 일도 아니다.
Air Force Chief Responds To Possibility Of Buying New 'Block 80' F-16s
Air Force Chief Responds To Possibility Of Buying New ‘Block 80’ F-16s
The Air Force is still facing an aging fighter fleet and its top officer said loyal wingman drones won't solve the problem alone.
Published May 20, 2025 5:43 PM EDT
U.S. Air Force
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Chief of Staff of the Air Force Gen. David Allvin today responded to questioning regarding the potential of a new version of the prolific F-16, a so-called Block 80, as a way of increasing the combat mass of the service in the future. While the Air Force doesn’t at this point have a plan to start buying Vipers again, it’s certainly interesting that the topic is up for discussion, especially with the service looking hard at how it will balance its next-generation fighter requirements, while introducing the F-47 crewed stealth fighter and Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) drones. At the same time, it continues to buy the F-35A stealth fighter and the F-15EX.
Alongside Secretary of the Air Force Troy Meink and Chief of Space Operations Gen. Chance Saltzman, Gen. Allvin was testifying before the Senate Committee on Armed Services. Senator Thomas Cotton, the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference and chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, asked Allvin about the potential need to buy new aircraft to replace the Air Force’s oldest fighters, some of which will still be flying into the 2040s.
Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. David Allvin. U.S. Air Force photo by Eric Dietrich Eric Dietrich
“Focusing on just the next decade, then, our current acquisition options are pretty limited,” Cotton said, before asking Allvin: “Would you be able to use newly built U.S.-configured Block 80 F-16s to strengthen our strike fighter fleet, if Congress can find additional funds for such an effort?”
“Looking at what that would be to take that export variant and adapt it to a Block 80, and the time it would take, and where that would fall in the production line, I’d have to get back with you with more details to see if that would be an advisable situation,” Allvin responded.
“I’d really have to look at what the defense industrial base can do on that,” Allvin added, “because my sense is that the current Block 70 is really eating up a lot of production lines and production capacity and all the FMS [Foreign Military Sales].”
An F-16D Block 70 built for Bahrain, at the Lockheed Martin Greenville, South Carolina site. Lockheed Martin Hand-out
At this point, it’s worth noting that it’s unclear whether the Block 80 exists as a concept for the Air Force or whether the designation was being used in the hearing in a purely speculative way. TWZ has reached out to Lockheed Martin for more details.
Obviously, however, Allvin was happy to consider the idea of a new version of the F-16 for the service, even if only on a hypothetical level.
Undoubtedly, the in-production Block 70/72 F-16C/D aircraft are already highly capable, featuring sophisticated avionics, mission systems, active electronically scanned array radar and a digital electronic warfare suite.
The supposed Block 80, however, would presumably be more capable still, as well as being adapted for the specific needs of the Air Force.
Aside from the Block 80, Cotton also asked if the Air Force would potentially have a place for the Block 70 (and the related Block 72), currently being built by Lockheed Martin in Greenville, South Carolina, for export customers.
Again, Allvin said he would take the question for the record and come back with a fuller response. In particular, he said he would have to look in more detail at “what the export variant can and can’t do, and any sort of adjustments we would have to make to make it more easily integrable with our U.S.-built fighters. I would need to see what the integration opportunities and costs would be before I can give you a good answer.”
Whether Block 80, or Block 70/72, there remains a big question over whether an Air Force order for these jets would be feasible, given the limited production capacity at the Greenville plant, as you can read more about here.
Interestingly, the possibility of the Air Force buying new-production Block 70/72 aircraft to bolster its tactical aviation fleets in the near term has come up in the past.
Back in 2021, the outgoing Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Will Roper, suggested the service might want to order an advanced version of the F-16, such as the Block 70/72.
Dr. Will Roper, the then Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, in 2019. U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss Dr. Will Roper, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, discusses “Fielding Tomorrow’s Air Force Faster and Smarter,” during the Air Force Association’s Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida, Feb. 27, 2019. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. DeAndre Curtiss)
“As you look at the new F-16 production line in South Carolina, that system has some wonderful upgraded capabilities that are worth thinking about as part of our capacity solution,” Roper said, in an interview with Aviation Week.
The idea was quickly shot down by the then Air Force Chief of Staff General Charles Q. Brown Jr., who was vehement that the F-16 — even a much-improved version — was not the right choice for the future Air Force. In particular, he pointed to the F-16’s inability to receive software updates at the speed that’s desired and its lack of open-architecture software protocols that would allow it to be rapidly reconfigured.
At the same time, Brown did, however, bring up the possibility of a “clean-sheet design” for a future fighter, which he described as a “four-and-a-half-gen or fifth-gen-minus” aircraft. This would be cheap enough to be procured in the numbers required to eventually replace the F-16.
U.S. Air Force Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr., when he was Pacific Air Forces commander, disembarks an F-16 at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea, in October 2019. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Mackenzie Mendez
But perhaps, after all, the idea of a potential future Air Force F-16 buy is not altogether dead.
Speaking today, Gen. Allvin stressed the importance of having “not only the right capacity but the capability … to make sure that we have the right mix of the high-end to be able to dominate and be relevant in an Indo-Pacific fight, as well as other fighters that may not need to be as sophisticated as our fifth-generation, sixth-generation.”
Furthermore, Allvin said that CCA drones — at least as far as Increment One is concerned — will not be able to replace crewed fighters like the F-16 and the F-15E.
“My assessment [of the CCA] as of right now, it will not replace that. It will be a great augmentation. And its threshold is to be able to work with the F-35 and the F-22 even before the F-47 gets fielded, so it will help us deliver more combat capability at a better cost point. But as far as replacing the manned fighters, that remains to be seen. What we have built into Increment One, my assessment right now is that would not be a good one-for-one replacement.”
Meanwhile, the need to replace aging F-16s, which still serve as a backbone of the USAF’s fighter fleet, is becoming more acute, Allvin noted.
“As we continue to keep the older aircraft, they do become more and more expensive to maintain,” Allvin said, while the mission capable rate “is not what we’d like it to be.” He added that the average Air Force F-16 “was built right about the time the Cold War ended. So even those F-16s are getting pretty old.”
As of 2024, the mission capable rate (MCR) for the F-16C stood at 64 percent, down from almost 72 percent in 2021. This compares with 52 percent for the F-22, and 86 percent for the brand-new F-15EX.
A U.S. Air Force F-16C somewhere over the Middle East on February 11, 2025. U.S. Air Force
USAF
The designated replacement for the F-16 should be the F-35 stealth fighter, although there have long been signs that the Air Force doesn’t see this platform as necessarily the direct successor to all its legacy tactical fighters.
The Air Force F-35A buy is still officially pegged at 1,763 aircraft, but there have been reports that, as early as 2018, the service had prepared a study that called for these orders to be cut back to 1,050.
The Air Force is, notably, also buying F-15EX fighters, alongside F-35As, so clearly hasn’t entirely given up on acquiring fourth-generation fighters.
In the past, Allvin has also raised the possibility of some kind of light crewed fighter that could serve as a future adjunct to more advanced and costly fifth- and sixth-generation fighters. Allvin presented a highly notional concept illustration for a light fighter last year, as you can read about here.
The light fighter concept is shown during a presentation by the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Gen. David Allvin, at the Global Air and Space Chiefs Conference, held in London. Tim Robinson
Despite the Air Force’s commitment to the F-35, the Joint Strike Fighter program remains an enormously expensive one — the costliest in Pentagon history — leaving room for discussions, at least, about a cheaper crewed fighter. With advanced versions of the F-16 now being manufactured for export customers, it’s perhaps no surprise that the Viper, or a further optimized iteration of it, is being at least discussed by some as potential equipment for the U.S. Air Force, too.
Contact the author: thomas@thewarzone.com
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첫댓글 크루즈 미사일 막는 임무, 방공망 걷힌 곳에서 2,000 파운드 폭탄 셔틀에 필요하겠죠?
진짜 도입한다면 그런 용도로 쓰일 것 같긴 합니다. 그런데 F-35 도입가도 1억달러 아래로 내려왔는데 저게 가성비있는 선택이 될 지 모르겠네요.
미래에 외계인이 쳐들어오면 F-16 Block 250이 요격에 나설듯 합니다. ㅎㅎ
ㅋㅋㅋ