모든 조직재생의 키워드! 섬유아세포 fibroblast에 대하여

[문형철]

섬유아세포가 콜라겐을 만들어 내는 것은 누에 입에서 실을 뽑아내는 것과 비슷함. 

섬유아세포의 수명은 새끼 병아리에서 측정된 바에 의하면 57 ± 3 days

섬유아세포는 결합조직에 풍부하게 존재하여, 조직손상시 치유과정에 관여하고, 기저물질과 각종 콜라겐 섬유를 만들어 인체의 형태유지에 중요한 역할을 함.

A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen,^[1] the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.

Fibroblasts and fibrocytes are two states of the same cells, the former being the activated state, the latter the less active state, concerned with maintenance and tissue metabolism. Currently, there is a tendency to call both forms fibroblasts. The suffix "blast" is used in cellular biology to denote a stem cell or a cell in an activated state of metabolism.

Fibroblasts are morphologically heterogeneous with diverse appearances depending on their location and activity. Though morphologically inconspicuous, ectopically transplanted fibroblasts can often retain positional memory of the location and tissue context where they had previously resided, at least over a few generations. This remarkable behavior may lead to discomfort^{[clarification needed]} in the rare event that they stagnate there excessively.

섬유아세포와 섬유세포(Fibroblasts and fibrocytes ) 두 종류 형태가 존재.

섬유아세포는 활성화된 상태, 섬유세포는 덜 활성화된 상태

The main function of fibroblasts is to maintain the structural integrity of connective tissues by continuously secreting precursors of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts secrete the precursors of all the components of the extracellular matrix, primarily the ground substance and a variety of fibers. The composition of the extracellular matrix determines the physical properties of connective tissues.

섬유아세포의 주요 기능은 세포외 기질의 전구물질을 연속적으로 분비하여 결합조직의 구조적 완전을 유지

섬유아세포는 기저물질과 다양한 콜라겐 섬유를 세포외 기질에 분비

그래서 결합조직의 특성은 세포외기질의 조성에 의해 결정됨. 

Like other cells of connective tissue, fibroblasts are derived from primitive mesenchyme. Thus they express the intermediate filament protein vimentin, a feature used as a marker to distinguish their mesodermal origin. However, this test is not specific as epithelial cells cultured in vitro on adherent substratum may also express vimentin after some time. In certain situations epithelial cells can give rise to fibroblasts, a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, fibroblasts in some situations may give rise to epithelia by undergoing a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and organizing into a condensed, polarized, laterally connected true epithelial sheet. This process is seen in many developmental situations (e.g. nephron and notocord development), as well as in wound healing and tumorigenesis.

결합조직의 다른 세포와 마찬가지로 섬유아세포는 원시 간엽조직(primitive mesenchyme.)에서 분화함. 

Fibroblasts have a branched cytoplasm surrounding an elliptical, speckled nucleus having two or more nucleoli. Active fibroblasts can be recognized by their abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Inactive fibroblasts, which are also called fibrocytes^{[citation needed]}, are smaller and spindle shaped. They have a reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum. Although disjointed and scattered when they have to cover a large space, fibroblasts when crowded often locally align in parallel clusters.

Fibroblasts make collagens, glycosaminoglycans, reticular and elastic fibers, glycoproteins found in the extracellular matrix and cytokine TSLP. Growing individuals' fibroblasts are dividing and synthesizing ground substance. Tissue damage stimulates fibrocytes and induces the mitosis of fibroblasts.

섬유아세포는 콜라겐, 글리코스아미노글리칸, 레티큘린, 탄력섬유, 글리코프로틴을 만들어 세포외기질을 가득채움

조직손상은 섬유세포를 자극하고 섬유아세포의 분화를 유도함.

Unlike the epithelial cells lining the body structures, fibroblasts do not form flat monolayers and are not restricted by a polarizing attachment to a basal lamina on one side, although they may contribute to basal lamina components in some situations (e.g. subepithelial myofibroblasts in intestine may secrete the α-2 chain carrying component of the laminin which is absent only in regions of follicle associated epithelia which lack the myofibroblast lining). 

Fibroblasts can also migrate slowly over substratum as individual cells, again in contrast to epithelial cells. While epithelial cells form the lining of body structures, it is fibroblasts and related connective tissues which sculpt the "bulk" of an organism. 

The life span of a fibroblast, as measured in chick embryos, is 57 ± 3 days.^[2]

섬유아세포의 수명은 새끼 병아리에서 측정된 바에 의하면 57 ± 3 days

섬유아세포가 콜라겐을 만들어 내는 것은 누에 입에서 실을 뽑아내는 것과 비슷함. 

[문형철]

섬유아세포의 수명은 새끼 병아리에서 측정된 바에 의하면 57 ± 3 days

[문형철]

섬유아세포가 콜라겐을 만들어 내는 것은 누에 입에서 실을 뽑아내는 것과 비슷함.