Summary of the Book of 2 Samuel 사무엘하서 요약

[이창복]

Summary of the Book of 2 Samuel

Author: The Book of 2 Samuel does not identify its author. It could not be the Prophet Samuel, since he died in 1 Samuel. Possible writers include Nathan and Gad (see 1 Chronicles 29:29).
사무엘하서 요약
저자: 사무엘하서에는 저자가 명시되어 있지 않습니다. 사무엘 선지자는 사무엘상서에서 죽었기 때문에 사무엘일 수 없습니다. 가능한 저자로는 나단과 갓이 있습니다(역대상 29:29 참조).

Date of Writing: Originally, the books of 1 and 2 Samuel were one book. The translators of the Septuagint separated them, and we have retained that separation ever since. The events of 1 Samuel span approximately 100 years, from c. 1100 B.C. to c. 1000 B.C. The events of 2 Samuel cover another 40 years. The date of writing, then, would be sometime after 960 B.C.
기록 날짜: 원래 사무엘상서와 하서는 한 권의 책이었습니다. 칠십인역의 번역자들은 이 두 책을 분리했고, 그 이후로 지금까지 그 구분을 유지하고 있습니다. 사무엘 상서의 사건은 주전 1100년경부터 주전 1000년경까지 약 100년에 걸쳐 일어나고, 사무엘 하서의 사건은 40년에 걸쳐 일어납니다. 따라서 기록 시기는 기원전 960년 이후가 될 것입니다.

Purpose of Writing: 2 Samuel is the record of King David’s reign. This book places the Davidic Covenant in its historical context.
집필 목적: 사무엘하서는 다윗 왕의 통치에 관한 기록입니다. 이 책은 다윗의 언약을 역사적 맥락에서 설명합니다.

Key Verses:
“Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever” (2 Samuel 7:16).
핵심 구절:
"네 집과 네 나라가 내 앞에서 영원히 견고할 것이며, 네 왕좌가 영원히 견고하리라"(사무엘하 7:16).

“But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son!” (2 Samuel 19:4).
"왕이 얼굴을 가리고 큰 소리로 외치되 내 아들 압살롬아, 내 아들 압살롬아, 내 아들, 내 아들아!" (사무엘하 19:4).

“"The LORD is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and ***the horn of my salvation. He is my stronghold, my refuge and my savior—from violent men you save me. I call to the LORD, who is worthy of praise, and I am saved from my enemies” (2 Samuel 22:2-4).
"여호와는 나의 반석이시요 나의 요새시요 나의 구원자이시며 나의 하나님은 내가 피난처가 되시는 나의 반석이시요 나의 방패시요 나의 구원의 뿔이십니다. 그는 나의 요새요, 나의 피난처요, 나의 구세주이시니 폭력적인 사람들로부터 나를 구해 주십니다. 내가 찬양 받기에 합당하신 여호와께 부르짖으니 내가 원수에게서 구원을 얻었나이다"(사무엘하 22:2-4).

***the horn of my salvation 

(질문)

What's the meaning of "the horn of my salvation"?

(답변)

The phrase “the horn of my salvation” is a biblical metaphor that expresses the power and protection of God. The horn is an animal’s weapon and defense, and it symbolizes strength, victory, and authority. In the Old Testament, the horn is often used to describe God’s deliverance of his people from their enemies, as well as his anointing of kings and priests. In the New Testament, the horn of salvation refers to Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate Savior and King of God’s people12

Some examples of the use of the horn of salvation in the Bible are:

Psalm 18:2: “The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.”

Luke 1:69: “And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David;”

1 Samuel 2:1: “And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation.”

Learn more

1 christianity.com

2 hermeneutics.stackexchange.com

3 biblehub.com

Brief Summary: The book of 2 Samuel can be divided into two main sections—David’s triumphs (chapters 1-10) and David’s troubles (chapters 11-20). The last part of the book (chapters 21-24) is a non-chronological appendix which contains further details of David’s reign.
요약: 사무엘하를 크게 다윗의 승리(1-10장)와 다윗의 고난(11-20장)의 두 부분으로 나눌 수 있습니다. 책의 마지막 부분(21~24장)은 다윗의 통치에 대한 자세한 내용을 담고 있는 연대순이 아닌 부록입니다.

The book begins with David receiving news of the death of Saul and his sons. He proclaims a time of mourning. Soon afterward, David is crowned king over Judah, while Ish-bosheth, one of Saul’s surviving sons, is crowned king over Israel (chapter 2). A civil war follows, but Ish-bosheth is murdered, and the Israelites ask David to reign over them as well (chapters 4-5).
이 책은 다윗이 사울과 그의 아들들의 사망 소식을 접하는 것으로 시작됩니다. 그는 애도의 시간을 선포합니다. 얼마 지나지 않아 다윗은 유다의 왕으로 즉위하고 사울의 생존 아들 중 한 명인 이스보셋이 이스라엘의 왕으로 즉위합니다(2장). 이후 내전이 일어나지만 이스보셋은 살해되고 이스라엘 백성들은 다윗에게 자신들도 왕이 되어 달라고 요청합니다(4~5장).

David moves the country’s capital from Hebron to Jerusalem and later moves the Ark of the Covenant (chapters 5-6). David’s plan to build a temple in Jerusalem is vetoed by God, who then promises David the following things: 1) David would have a son to rule after him; 2) David’s son would build the temple; 3) the throne occupied by David’s lineage would be established forever; and 4) God would never take His mercy from David’s house (2 Samuel 7:4-16).
다윗은 나라의 수도를 헤브론에서 예루살렘으로 옮기고 나중에 언약궤를 옮깁니다(5-6장). 예루살렘에 성전을 지으려는 다윗의 계획은 하나님의 반대로 무산되고, 하나님은 다윗에게 다음과 같은 약속을 하십니다: 1) 다윗의 뒤를 이어 통치할 아들이 있을 것, 2) 다윗의 아들이 성전을 지을 것, 3) 다윗의 혈통이 차지하는 왕좌가 영원히 확립될 것, 4) 하나님께서 다윗의 집에서 자비를 거두지 않을 것(사무엘하 7:4~16).

David leads Israel to victory over many of the enemy nations which surrounded them. He also shows kindness to the family of Jonathan by taking in Mephibosheth, Jonathan’s crippled son (chapters 8-10).
다윗은 이스라엘을 둘러싸고 있던 많은 적국들을 물리치고 이스라엘을 승리로 이끕니다. 또한 요나단의 절름발이 아들 므비보셋을 데려와 요나단의 가족에게 친절을 베풀기도 합니다(8~10장).

Then David falls. He lusts for a beautiful woman named Bathsheba, commits adultery with her, and then has her husband murdered (chapter 11). When Nathan the prophet confronts David with his sin, David confesses, and God graciously forgives. However, the Lord tells David that trouble would arise from within his own household.
그리고 다윗은 타락합니다. 그는 밧세바라는 아름다운 여인에게 욕정을 품고 간음한 후 그녀의 남편을 살해합니다(11장). 선지자 나단이 다윗의 죄를 직시하자 다윗은 자백하고 하나님은 은혜롭게 용서해 주십니다. 그러나 주님은 다윗에게 자신의 집안에서 문제가 발생할 것이라고 말씀하십니다.

Trouble does come when David’s firstborn son, Amnon, rapes his half-sister, Tamar. In retaliation, Tamar’s brother Absalom kills Amnon. Absalom then flees Jerusalem rather than face his father’s anger. Later, Absalom leads a revolt against David, and some of David’s former associates join the rebellion (chapters 15-16). David is forced out of Jerusalem, and Absalom sets himself up as king for a short time. The usurper is overthrown, however, and—against David’s wishes—is killed. David mourns his fallen son.
다윗의 맏아들 암논이 이복 누이 다말을 강간하면서 문제가 생깁니다. 이에 대한 보복으로 다말의 오빠 압살롬은 암논을 죽입니다. 압살롬은 아버지의 분노를 마주하기보다 예루살렘에서 달아납니다. 나중에 압살롬은 다윗에 대한 반란을 주도하고 다윗의 옛 동료들 중 일부가 반란에 가담합니다(15-16장). 다윗은 예루살렘에서 쫓겨나고 압살롬은 잠시 동안 왕으로 군림합니다. 그러나 왕위를 찬탈한 압살롬은 다윗의 바람과는 달리 죽임을 당합니다. 다윗은 쓰러진 아들을 애도합니다.

A general feeling of unrest plagues the remainder of David’s reign. The men of Israel threaten to split from Judah, and David must suppress another uprising (chapter 20).
다윗의 남은 통치 기간 동안 전반적인 불안감이 팽배합니다. 이스라엘 백성들은 유다에서 분리하겠다고 위협하고, 다윗은 또 다른 반란을 진압해야 합니다(20장).

The book’s appendix includes information concerning a three-year famine in the land (chapter 21), a song of David (chapter 22), a record of the exploits of David’s bravest warriors (chapter 23), and David’s sinful census and the ensuing plague (chapter 24).
이 책의 부록에는 그 땅의 3년 기근(21장), 다윗의 노래(22장), 다윗의 용맹한 전사들의 공적에 대한 기록(23장), 다윗의 죄 많은  인구 조사와 그에 따른 재앙(24장)에 관한 정보가 수록되어 있습니다.

Foreshadowings: The Lord Jesus Christ is seen primarily in two parts of 2 Samuel. First, the Davidic Covenant as outlined in 2 Samuel 7:16: “Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever” and reiterated in Luke 1:31-33 in the words of the angel who appeared to Mary to announce Jesus’ birth to her: “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end." Christ is the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant; He is the Son of God in the line of David who will reign forever.
예표: 주 예수 그리스도는 사무엘하에서 주로 두 부분에서 볼 수 있습니다. 첫째, 사무엘하 7장 16절에 "네 집과 네 나라가 내 앞에서 영원히 견고하고 네 왕위가 영원히 견고하리라"는 다윗 언약은 누가복음 1장 31~33절에 예수님의 탄생을 알리기 위해 마리아에게 나타난 천사의 말에서 반복적으로 언급되고 있습니다: "그는 위대할 것이며 지극히 높으신 이의 아들이라 불릴 것입니다. 주 하나님께서 그에게 그의 조상 다윗의 왕위를 주실 것이며, 그는 야곱의 집을 영원히 다스릴 것이며, 그의 나라는 결코 끝나지 않을 것입니다." 그리스도는 다윗 언약의 성취자이시며, 다윗의 혈통을 잇는 하나님의 아들이시며 영원히 통치하실 분이십니다.

Second, Jesus is seen in the song of David at the end of his life (2 Samuel 22:2-51). He sings of his rock, fortress and deliverer, his refuge and savior. Jesus is our Rock (1 Corinthians 10:4; 1 Peter 2:7-9), the Deliverer of Israel (Romans 11:25-27), the fortress to whom we “have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us” (Hebrews 6:18 KJV), and our only Savior (Luke 2:11; 2 Timothy 1:10).
둘째, 예수님은 다윗의 생애 마지막 노래에서 볼 수 있습니다(사무엘하 22:2-51). 그는 자신의 반석, 요새, 구원자, 피난처, 구세주를 노래합니다. 예수님은 우리의 반석(고린도전서 10:4, 베드로전서 2:7-9), 이스라엘의 구원자(로마서 11:25-27), "우리 앞에 놓인 소망을 붙잡기 위해 피난한 요새"(히브리서 6:18 KJV), 우리의 유일한 구주(누가복음 2:11, 디모데후서 1:10)이십니다.

Practical Application: Anyone can fall. Even a man like David, who truly desired to follow God and who was richly blessed by God, was susceptible to temptation. David’s sin with Bathsheba should be a warning to all of us to guard our hearts, our eyes, and our minds. Pride over our spiritual maturity and our ability to withstand temptation in our own strength is the first step to a downfall (1 Corinthians 10:12).
실제 적용: 누구나 넘어질 수 있습니다. 다윗처럼 진정으로 하나님을 따르기를 원하고 하나님의 풍성한 축복을 받은 사람조차도 유혹에 빠지기 쉬웠습니다. 다윗이 밧세바에게 저지른 죄는 우리 모두에게 마음과 눈, 정신을 조심하라는 경고가 되어야 합니다. 영적 성숙과 자신의 힘으로 유혹을 이겨낼 수 있다는 교만은 몰락의 첫걸음입니다(고린도전서 10:12).

God is gracious to forgive even the most heinous sins when we truly repent. However, healing the wound caused by sin does not always erase the scar. Sin has natural consequences, and even after he was forgiven, David reaped what he had sown. His son from the illicit union with another man’s wife was taken from him (2 Samuel 12:14-24) and David suffered the misery of a break in his loving relationship with his heavenly Father (Psalms 32 and 51). How much better to avoid sin in the first place, rather than having to seek forgiveness later!
하나님은 우리가 진정으로 회개할 때 아무리 극악한 죄라도 용서해 주시는 은혜를 베푸십니다. 그러나 죄로 인한 상처를 치유한다고 해서 항상 상처가 지워지는 것은 아닙니다. 죄에는 자연스러운 결과가 따르며, 다윗은 용서받은 후에도 뿌린 대로 거두었습니다. 다른 남자의 아내와의 불법적인 결합으로 얻은 아들을 빼앗기고(사무엘하 12:14-24), 하늘에 계신 아버지와의 사랑의 관계가 단절되는 비참함을 겪었습니다(시편 32편과 51편). 나중에 용서를 구하는 것보다 처음부터 죄를 짓지 않는 것이 훨씬 낫습니다!

FOR FURTHER STUDY1 & 2 Samuel: NIV Application Commentary by William Arnold1st & 2nd Samuel, New American Commentary by Robert BergenMore insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free!

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Bible Book Summary

2 Samuel Summary
by Jay Smith

성경 요약
사무엘상 요약
by 제이 스미스

The book of 2nd Samuel is a Narration of David as he becomes the King of Israel and the time during his reign, yet it also includes two psalms in hymns of praise in the final chapters. Its author is Samuel the prophet who wrote it at about 930 B.C. The key personalities are David, Joab, Bathsheba, Nathan, and Absalom. It was written to record the history of David’s reign and to demonstrate effective leadership under the submission of God. Approximately half of the book tells of King David’s success and the other half shows his failures.

사무엘하 2장은 다윗이 이스라엘의 왕이 되는 과정과 그의 통치 기간에 대한 서술이지만, 마지막 장에는 찬송가 형식으로 된 두 편의 시편도 포함되어 있습니다. 저자는 기원전 930년경에 쓴 선지자 사무엘이며, 주요 인물은 다윗, 요압, 밧세바, 나단, 압살롬입니다. 다윗의 통치 역사를 기록하고 하나님의 다스림 아래 효과적인 리더십을 보여주기 위해 기록되었습니다. 이 책의 약 절반은 다윗 왕의 성공에 관한 이야기이고 나머지 절반은 그의 실패에 관한 이야기입니다.

•    In chapters 1-10, we find that David becomes the king of Judah while the Northern part of the nation (Israel) rejects God and chooses to go with the dynastic tradition, by selecting Saul’s son Ish-Bosheth to rule. Ish-Bosheth eventually was executed and the northern tribes asked David to rule the entire nation of Israel. King David chooses to establish a new capital, Jerusalem, and through a tragic process, brings the Ark there.

- 1-10장에서는 다윗이 유다의 왕이 된 반면, 북쪽 지역(이스라엘)은 하나님을 거부하고 사울의 아들 이스보셋을 왕으로 선택함으로써 왕조 전통을 따르는 것을 선택한다는 사실을 알 수 있습니다. 결국 이스보셋은 처형당하고 북쪽 지파들은 다윗에게 이스라엘 전체를 통치해 달라고 요청합니다. 다윗 왕은 새로운 수도 예루살렘을 건설하기로 결정하고 비극적인 과정을 거쳐 법궤를 그곳으로 옮깁니다.

•    In chapters 11-24, we observe the sinful side of King David during his reign, and how it affected the nation of Israel. First, David commits adultery with a married woman named Bathsheba and she becomes pregnant. Afterward, he has her husband murdered in an attempt to repair things. The prophet Nathan confronts him and David repents and soon after the child dies. Bathsheba later gives birth to Solomon, who will be the next king of Israel. Absalom, David’s other son, plots a rebellious takeover and the nation approves. David flees for his life, yet ultimately raises enough troops and a strong backing to take back his seat and restore order; in the process, his rebellious son was killed.

- 11~24장에서는 다윗 왕의 통치 기간 동안의 죄악된 모습과 그것이 이스라엘 민족에게 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴봅니다. 먼저 다윗은 밧세바라는 유부녀와 간음하여 임신을 하게 됩니다. 그 후, 그는 상황을 수습하기 위해 그녀의 남편을 살해합니다. 선지자 나단이 그에게 맞섬으로 다윗은 회개하고 얼마 지나지 않아 아이가 죽습니다. 밧세바는 나중에 이스라엘의 다음 왕이 될 솔로몬을 낳습니다. 다윗의 다른 아들 압살롬은 반란을 일으켜 왕위를 찬탈할 음모를 꾸미고 국가는 이를 승인합니다. 다윗은 목숨을 걸고 도망치지만 결국 충분한 군대와 강력한 후원을 얻어 왕위를 되찾고 질서를 회복하지만 그 과정에서 반역한 아들은 죽임을 당합니다.

The genre of the book of Amos is Narrative and Prophetic Oracle. The prophet Amos wrote it around 760-750 B.C. This was shortly before the fall of the Northern Kingdom to Assyria, which took place in 722 B.C. Key personalities are Amos, Amaziah, and Jeroboam II.

  아모스의 책의 장르는 서사와 예언적 신탁이다.  아모스 선지자는 주전 760~750년경에 이 책을 썼는데, 이는 북왕국이 앗수르에 멸망하기 직전인 주전 722년에 일어났으며 주요 인물로는 아모스, 아마샤, 여로보암 2세가 있습니다.

Summaries Courtesy of the Ultimate Bible Summary Collection

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