흔들릴 수 없는 탈피오트 예수 가족묘

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https://youtu.be/Qyrrdoqspdg

스크립트

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the most famous death in history is the

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death of Jesus of Nazareth 2,000 years

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ago in first century Jerusalem he was

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crucified by the Romans the Gospels tell

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us he was buried in a tomb and two days

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later Mary Magdalene one of his closest

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disciples found the tomb empty

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[Music]

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but according to the Gospel of Matthew

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there was another story circulating

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after Jesus's death and though the

01:11

gospel calls it a lie it was rumoured

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that Jesus's disciples secretly took

01:16

their masters body presumably to give

01:19

him a permanent burial if this is true

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according to 1st century burial

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practices in Jerusalem Jesus's body

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would have been taken to a rocky human

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family - given that he was crucified for

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insurrection the reburial would have

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been done in secret by his closest

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disciples Jesus's body would have been

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shrouded and left to decompose one year

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later his disciples would have returned

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this time joined by his family for the

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final burial ceremony

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marry Jesus's mother would have attended

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the ceremony Mary Magdalene would also

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impede his brothers Simon Joseph Judah

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and James would have prepared Jesus's

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bones for the final burial placing them

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in a limestone coffin called an ossuary

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[Music]

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Jesus's name would have been inscribed

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on the side is ossuary would that have

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been placed in a niche in the inner

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chamber sealed way forever deep inside

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his family too

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see that's our line mash Malakal

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intelliwhite not to talk but if not I go

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simply to see Muhammad are not at all

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Marco where F is a societal patoot

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Ricola vac Shaka Maserati beta mahabhava

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it is America why from a solution my

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ghoul

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Albert a masseuse a in the spring of

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1980 and help you out

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South Jerusalem construction blasting

03:52

exposed the entrance to a burial tomb it

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was 2,000 years old

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eventually makea we are whether it's

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Becca emma bonino watson la voz

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navigation Mexico as it went elite

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casual a convenient Colo game sherry

04:12

pasty the telephone with in tomato FF on

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mister Hockaday lad saw a tap it to team

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of demand for beta becomes a jihad

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under Sunday morning under pressure from

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contractors a team of archeologists was

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called in to excavate they had only

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three days before the tomb was to be

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sealed and cemented over I could see

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this large slope with tractors and and

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bulldozers and trucks trundling in

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different directions and right in the

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center of this slope was this gaping

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hole which turned out to be the entrance

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to the top theater tomb above the

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entrance was a unique facade a carefully

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crafted Chevron and circle that

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mystified the archaeologists there's no

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doubt about it that those symbols which

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on the facade of the Talpiot tomb meant

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something it's unlikely that the person

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or the family that came to carve out the

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tomb just carved these things at random

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they had to symbolize something what

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they symbolize I don't know but it's

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quite rare to find that kind of

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ornamentation on a simple tomb Shimon

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Gibson a young surveyor at the time was

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one of the first inside it was his job

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to report the layout it was great it was

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very exciting me entering into the tomb

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which has been cut into into rock it has

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a central chamber it has arcosolia

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benches in the walls for the laying out

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of their bodies it has these loculi

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extending in different directions it was

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incredibly important to get as much

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archaeological detail as possible onto

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plans

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Gibson's detailed plan recorded every

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inch of the tombs interior

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extending out from a large inner chamber

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were six deep cavities called loculi a

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Cohiba in Hebrew and inside these cahiim

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the archaeologists found 10 small

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limestone coffins also called

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ossuary the ossuaries were quickly

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transferred to Jerusalem's Rockefeller

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Museum under the direction of the Israel

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Department of Antiquities

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the bones and remains found inside were

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bagged and boxed and put aside for

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reburial certain decisions were made by

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the Israel Antiquities Authority that

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they would heed to the requests of the

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ultra-orthodox Jewish community in

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Jerusalem and give over bone material

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which have been analyzing and examined

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by anthropologists fully burial and then

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they began the process of cataloging the

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ancient bone boxes by 1980 over 1,000

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ossuary had been found but only 20% of

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them were the names of the dead here it

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was discovered that six out of the ten

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ossuaries had inscriptions are not

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monumental inscriptions they're not

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intended to be seen and viewed by

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everybody and they're not there to

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commemorate the dead they are there so

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that when family members come in and

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start shifting the boxes around so they

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can put in new one in they know which

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one is which and which belongs to who

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the archaeological record shows that the

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custom of using a shoe Aries for burial

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in Jerusalem only lasted for about 100

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years ending around 70 of the Common Era

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when Jerusalem was destroyed by the

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Romans and so the discovery of

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inscriptions on stone coffins like these

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provide archaeologists with a catalogue

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of names specific to the time of Jesus

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and on one of the ossuaries discovered

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in the Tokyo - written in Aramaic was an

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astonishing name

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yeshuaa bar Yosef Yeshua or Jesus son of

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Joseph

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Yeshua bar Yosef now when this was found

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I think the archaeologists weren't too

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excited about it the public would have

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been very excited but they didn't hear

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about it he found that Jesus son of

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Joseph ossuary but it wasn't really

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talked about today that Jesus son of

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Joseph ossuary is in the hands of the

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Israel Antiquities Authority or IAA as

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are the rest of the stone coffins taken

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from the Tokyo tool most of them have

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been locked away and stored in this

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massive warehouse but why we've

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assembled a team of scientists scholars

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and journalists to investigate the ten

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ancient old boxes and to find out why

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they've been ignored

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this is it Felix yeah this one is fiery

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this is it this is it Jesus son of

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Joseph

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today it takes an expert in ancient

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writing like world-renowned Harvard

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professor Frank Moore across to examine

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the inscription because even though it

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is one of the plainest ever found on an

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ossuary its letters are so informal and

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it's very difficult to read that's been

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quite informal and this particular one

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quite messy academics describe it as a

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graffiti so cursory it's almost as if it

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was meant to be read only by intimate

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family there's an X here before the name

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and then the name Yeshua then the

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father's name is perfectly clear you're

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all safe the son of Joseph I have no

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real doubt that this is to be read

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Yeshua and then the issue of Bar Yosef

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that is Jesus son of Joseph Jesus son of

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Joseph

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professor crosses examination of the

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photograph has now shown us exactly what

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to look for on the actual coffin

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you'd've of Sheen I you'd she

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I'm Jesus that resh son of you'd hey Bob

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Sam P Joseph Jesus son of Joseph it

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amazed me missing is not that's the word

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for it can this stone coffin be linked

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to Jesus of Nazareth to answer that

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question we have to examine all the

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archaeological evidence uncovered in

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this family - does it fit with Christian

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tradition does a challenge certain

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articles of faith if the bones of Jesus

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were to be found in an ossuary in

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Jerusalem tomorrow and without doubt

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let's say they are definitely agreed to

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be the bones of Jesus would that destroy

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Christian faith it certainly would not

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destroy my Christian faith I leave what

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happens to bodies up to God it seems

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that Christians can accept the

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possibility that the remains of Jesus

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were transferred to a family tool

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thereafter he could have risen and

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appeared to his followers as the Gospels

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report according to Christian faith

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Jesus then ascended to heaven in theory

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the Ascension could have been spiritual

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leaving his body behind in fact those

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who take a strictly historical approach

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to the Gospels would expect to find

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Jesus's remains in his family -

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when he's first buried at Senate

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temporary tomb and later unless he

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somehow magically disappears and goes to

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heaven which is a position of Christian

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faith but if you're going to be

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historical and realistic he was put in a

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would be put in a permanent place a

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permanent place of burial as a good Jew

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okay well the tomb you have to have a

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family tomb

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[Music]

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the family to love Jesus

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if the ossuary found in the tablet to

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marked Jesus son of Joseph did at one

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time contain the mortal remains of Jesus

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then all the ossuaries in that tomb

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would have to belong to members of the

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Jesus family on the other five ossuary

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is reported to have inscriptions we

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should only expect to find names from

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the family tree of Jesus Jesus was the

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son of Mary and Joseph but what many

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people don't know is that according to

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Christian tradition he had two sisters

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Miriam and Salome and the Gospel of

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Matthew tells us he had four brothers

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Simon Judah James and Joseph his

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adoptive father Joseph was descended

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from King David a Joseph most likely

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died in Nazareth and would have been

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buried there not in Jerusalem

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Jesus's mother Mary Maria in antiquity

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was also a Davidic dissent but unlike

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Joseph according to later Christian

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tradition

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she died in Jerusalem and within the

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same tomb as Jesus son of Joseph a

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second name was discovered the ossuary

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is now housed in the basement of the

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Israel Museum as you can see the script

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is very simple the Hebrew letters that

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create this name are mem mem is 4 M

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flesh like our youth can be I or Y and

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hae-in Ebru it's like H in nothing

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English that makes maria maria and it's

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one of the rare examples of that name uh

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no sherry in Israel

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Maria Mary found in the same family tomb

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as Jesus son of Joseph could this be the

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Virgin Mary is ossuary

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[Music]

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throughout history from the first Greek

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writings of mark the earliest gospel the

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Virgin Mary's name has come down to us

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and only one for Maria

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it is a latinized version of the hebrew

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miriam after Jesus's death Mary

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continued with his teachings and must

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have gathered a large following in those

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times of religious transition roman

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converts also began to follow jesus and

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so as her popularity grew amongst his

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followers Mary's name was latinized that

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is why the New Testament records her

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name as Maria written in Hebrew the name

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Maria is very rare but it's exactly what

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was found on the ossuary in the tabut

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tune if in 1980 archaeologists had

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considered even for a moment that they

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had discovered the ossuary of the Virgin

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Mary what other family members might

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they have expected to find next to her

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look Matthew messy-looking Mt you'd a so

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Mattia

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nakiye which is a short form a nickname

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if you wish of Mattia or Matityahu which

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is where we in English got the plane

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Matthew

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Matthew the name at first doesn't seem

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to fit with the Jesus family the New

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Testament is made up of the writings of

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four Gospels attributed to Matthew Mark

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Luke and John Matthew the Evangelist was

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a disciple of Jesus but scholars don't

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believe he was a blood member of his

17:54

family however there is reason to

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believe that there were many Matthews

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within the Jesus family and tell you

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something very interesting the two

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genealogies of Jesus everybody reads the

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formal genealogy of Joseph his adoptive

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father

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it's basically a all the kings of Israel

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and lon down well known great historic

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names but the other genealogy is

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embedded in Luke people don't notice it

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much it's Luke chapter 3 you got a turn

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a few pages it's Mary's genealogy the

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mother and in her genty elegy guess what

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you have five six seven eight Matthews

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Mattia Matthias it's a Maccabee in'

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Ashman Ian's name it's a fierce name of

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a sort of a kingly family

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it's a priestly name remember Mary is

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related to Elizabeth the mother of John

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the Baptist is a priest so she's got

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some priestly connections there as well

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as Judah which is the tribe of the

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Davidic Messiah so I don't think it's

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odd that we would have a Matthew in in

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this tomb at all in fact it's sort of

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one more congruence and fitting together

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in fact unlike Matthew many biblical

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names like Isaac or Jonah would have

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virtually disqualified the tomb as the

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Jesus family - because they do not

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appear anywhere in Jesus's genealogy

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there isn't a single name that doesn't

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fit the Gospel story each name and the

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same tomb connects every single one of

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these names is gospel related there

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isn't like any name like

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Daniel or something else it just doesn't

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fit

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on three ossuary 's for names and be not

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covered Joseph Jesus Mary and Matthew

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and then on an ossuary found deep within

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the tomb another name was discovered

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this inscription says Yosa with a head

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in the end and it's a it's a diminutive

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of yourself there is no question about

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it as an ossuary inscription this would

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probably be quite unusual if I'm

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publishing in English I said okay

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there's a Joseph well there's not just

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the Joseph it's yo say no in Hebrew yo

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see and Israel today is quite common yo

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Co see Joseph like Joey but yo say you

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will never hear and you didn't hear it

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in the ancient world either the yo'd the

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he becomes a a yo say guess where we

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know that name in the Gospel of Mark

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Jesus has a brother people don't all

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know that Jesus had brothers most

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scholars you know the Roman Catholic

20:55

Church says they were cousins and other

20:57

people they were stepbrothers but most

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of the historians and the biblical

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scholars have pretty well now admitted

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that Jesus had brothers they're named in

21:07

the gospels the four brothers James

21:08

Joseph Jude and Simon but the Joseph in

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mark only in mark our earliest gospel is

21:16

not Joseph it Co say

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[Music]

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yo se or Josie in English was the

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brother of Jesus but the Gospels don't

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tell us much more than that he

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disappears after three brief citations

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what happened to you'll say is a mystery

21:37

but if the ossuaries from the Talpa

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tooth belong to the Jesus family then yo

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se has finally been found of all the

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ossuary inscriptions ever discovered

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there is only one with this unique

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spelling of the nickname yo se na clear

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as days Josie and that's an incredible

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thing because according to Jewish law if

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someone has a nickname you have to put

22:04

their nickname on their tombstone or

22:07

casket and it's the nickname that

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appears here right next to Jesus son of

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Joseph the brother was known as Josie

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not Joseph and it's exactly in the same

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configuration right here Josie Yosa

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in 1980 archaeologists were cataloging

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ossuary names and lists of hundreds and

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from this tomb they now had you'll say a

22:34

rare nickname given to the brother of

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Jesus Maria a rare latinized version of

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Mary used in the Gospels to refer to

22:43

Jesus's mother ma Tia a version of

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Matthew that as it happens was common

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Mary's family and Jesus son of Joseph

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[Music]

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all found together in a family tool all

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cleaned and catalogued all bone material

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reburied together here in an especially

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consecrated grave outside Jerusalem all

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the ossuaries were then created and

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stored for decades on warehouse shelves

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why didn't anyone take notice of these

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names remember that the 1970s and the

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early 1980s was the boom period for

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excavation of tombs in around Jerusalem

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so there was suddenly enormous

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quantities of Usher he's been brought

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back to the Rockefeller Museum the

23:47

headquarters of the Israel department

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antiquities and these inscriptions I

23:52

would deem to be common these are the

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most common names among Jews in the

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first century Common Era

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these are exceedingly popular names in

24:06

the period all the facts that we have is

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that there is a cluster of names that

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resemble many of the names that we find

24:12

in the New Testament the other fact is

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that we find these names in many other

24:16

places so suggesting that this tomb was

24:21

the tomb of the family of Jesus is a

24:23

far-fetched suggestion and we need to be

24:26

very careful with that

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you know all the terms around Jerusalem

24:30

unfortunately with construction are

24:33

slowly getting exposed in in some cases

24:35

destroyed so it's not so far-fetched

24:38

that a construction crew would have

24:41

uncovered the - oh Jesus

24:43

you know I mean it can happen I think we

24:46

have to consider

24:49

while the statistical probabilities have

24:52

been argued they have never been

24:53

examined by statistical experts until

24:57

now andre royo burger is a professor of

25:00

mathematics and statistics FAMAS you

25:03

Ares and other sources he's gathered

25:06

every name known from the time of Jesus

25:08

by noting how often each name occurs he

25:12

can statistically eval‎uate the names

25:14

discovered in Tel Fiat one of the things

25:18

that's fairly interesting about this

25:20

particular tomb site is that from a lay

25:23

point of view if one looks at the

25:26

specific names that occur in the cluster

25:29

and if one focuses just on the names

25:32

individually one can very welcome away

25:35

with the impression that there is

25:38

nothing the least bit unusual about this

25:40

particular cluster but the correct way

25:42

to analyze this is to look at all of the

25:45

names in unison according to Statistics

25:50

if we were on a crowded street in

25:52

ancient Jerusalem and called out the

25:54

name Jesus 4% of the men would most

25:58

probably answer

26:00

if we were to call out the name Mary 25%

26:04

of the women who would probably respond

26:06

they were both common names but what

26:10

four-year Verger explains is that if we

26:12

were to call out for a Jesus where the

26:14

father called Joseph a mother named Mary

26:18

and a brother called yo se the odds that

26:21

such an individual would respond are

26:24

quite low from a statistical point of

26:28

view we don't actually look at the

26:32

incidences of the individual names where

26:36

we say that each one of them is a very

26:37

common name we look at the way in which

26:41

the factors combined with each other so

26:44

sure a father by the name of Joseph is

26:48

not a rare name a son by the name of

26:51

Yeshua is not a rare name but when you

26:54

combine those two together it's rarer so

26:58

it really is a possibility that this

27:02

particular tomb site is in fact the one

27:05

of the New Testament family it is a

27:07

possibility that I think needs to be

27:10

taken seriously taking the possibility

27:15

seriously means that we must try to

27:18

uncover more evidence and one way to do

27:22

that is to find the talbiya tool but

27:27

more than 25 years ago the tomb was

27:29

reburied sealed and cemented over

27:32

a huge complex of apartments was built

27:35

on top even if the tomb can be located

27:38

it may well be impossible to get into it

27:41

sitting under metres of concrete

27:44

foundation poring over architectural

27:50

plans that Cades old and

27:52

cross-referencing the IAA

27:54

archeology reports our team believes

27:56

they discovered the underground location

27:59

of the Talpiot tomb the Tau P outside is

28:03

perfectly situated halfway between

28:05

ancient Jerusalem and Bethlehem the two

28:08

city's most important to Jesus and his

28:10

family it would have been an ideal

28:13

location for his family tomb considering

28:16

that surviving members would have

28:18

traveled from both cities to visit the

28:20

burial sanctity if you think about it

28:22

it's perfect it's right between

28:25

Jerusalem over there were Titus and Beth

28:29

9 was over there this is where if I was

28:32

a member of the Jesus family this is

28:33

where I would want to be buried okay

28:35

guys so we know that there's a tomb

28:36

right over here right our research shows

28:38

that in 1982 - the answers were

28:41

discovered on the top you'd cite the

28:44

roof of the second tomb had been

28:45

partially destroyed by construction but

28:48

it was sealed up again and not excavated

28:50

because of time constraints and pressure

28:53

from religious groups to keep it

28:54

undisturbed the archaeological reports

28:58

showed that the second term is 20 meters

29:00

north of - number one the apartment

29:06

blueprints show that - number one is

29:08

located under the patio and beside a

29:11

bedroom

29:12

this we believe is the tool we're

29:15

looking for now we know that one of the

29:20

tumors is under the patio we know that

29:22

there's pipes coming out that's where

29:24

you come in as a crude iaa sketches

29:27

suggest that both tombs may have had

29:30

access pipes installed before building

29:32

continued above them

29:33

it's common for pipes like these to be

29:36

added at the request of rabbis response

29:39

to the Orthodox belief that spirits need

29:41

a clear passage from a tool we're gonna

29:45

go down however many feet it is so we

29:48

hit bottom I mean and once once we're

29:49

down there if the drawing is accurate

29:51

and we've got that curve in that pipe

29:53

the cameras going down the curve we're

29:55

gonna see what's there my concern is

29:57

that those pipes are bogus that whoever

30:00

built it just build pipes there to make

30:03

rabbis happy oh yeah the souls can move

30:05

and there's nothing there ideally you

30:08

stick your camera down that thing yes

30:10

confirm‎ that there is a tomb that

30:12

there's a space in between the tomb and

30:14

the bedroom if you will I don't know how

30:16

deep it goes we cut a hole in the

30:19

bedroom wall boom we're in

30:30

[Music]

30:33

let's do it and then food fast neighbors

30:37

getting interested in what we're doing

30:41

we've obtained permission from the

30:43

tenant to give us access to the tapia

30:45

Department we pinpointed in the

30:47

blueprints we've only been given two

30:54

days

31:02

this is it this is it yeah this is it

31:06

listen we need a tape measure this is

31:11

the real thing man

31:13

look at it we're 17-feet some resistance

31:17

but that's not the bottom there's more

31:23

[Music]

31:24

bill Tarrant is our expert with probe

31:27

and remote operated cameras even if the

31:30

access hole is as small as a quarter of

31:33

an inch bill can get a camera inside

31:43

this is the video probe very light and

31:47

you see your face in it look how clear

31:48

that is see the cameras in the tip

31:49

lights in the tip yeah we're gonna sit

31:51

we're gonna see what it wherever this

31:52

cameras pointed that's what we're gonna

31:54

see what can I do it's articulating I'll

31:56

move in all directions yeah that'll be

31:57

able to keep us in the center of the

31:58

pipe so that we can actually look and

32:00

see what we're doing okay very good so

32:02

I'm gonna Center it and I'm gonna insert

32:03

it into a bike okay okay take a look so

32:11

watch it with you I'll move the camera

32:13

as we go down try keeping this Center

32:16

see how we're going down it's still

32:17

pretty clean and we're moving now we're

32:19

down about ten feet no debris

32:21

what's that color change changing color

32:24

because looks like they use different

32:25

color pipes when they put this thing in

32:27

how long is your current 25 feet oh I

32:31

see something not good not good do that

32:34

there it looks like some sticks

32:37

I see plastic and they see something's

32:40

not good wooden pieces some debris or

32:42

something you know what this is a pretty

32:47

serious blockage about here I think

32:55

people are reluctant to think that you

32:58

could come upon the Jesus family tomb

33:01

and yet there's a Caiaphas the priest

33:05

who had Jesus crucified his tomb was

33:09

found by a bulldozer south of Jerusalem

33:11

a few years ago

33:16

in December of 1990 construction workers

33:20

uncovered an ancient burial cave from

33:22

the first century inside there were 12

33:25

ossuary x' two of them bore the name

33:28

Caiaphas this one the most ornate

33:31

ossuary has the inscription Joseph son

33:34

of Caiaphas carved into it twice Joseph

33:42

son of Caiaphas was the high priest of

33:44

the temple who according to the Gospels

33:47

prosecuted Jesus from his point of view

33:54

Jesus was a dangerous false messiah who

34:01

was leading the Jewish masses into a

34:03

confrontation with Israel's rulers in

34:06

road the Caiaphas ashtray was found so

34:14

it's not as though no famous you know he

34:17

said well it couldn't be anybody no

34:19

matter what we find couldn't be anybody

34:20

important why not it seems to me there's

34:26

a double standard you said that Caiaphas

34:28

is in all probability the high priest

34:31

who prosecuted Jesus according to the

34:34

Gospels whereas this entire cluster is

34:37

dismissed well this is just common

34:39

Jewish names I mean how are you so

34:41

convinced that this is the Caiaphas you

34:44

find more Oscars in that same - less

34:48

fancy with the named Caiaphas not Joseph

34:51

son of Caiaphas but with the named

34:52

Caiaphas on so it's definitely the tomb

34:54

as all tombs were of a clan this is the

34:58

tomb of the Caiphas clan one of them

35:00

Rahul of green should have been Joseph

35:03

son of Caiaphas the one that we know

35:05

from the New Testament and the adornment

35:08

on the ossuary shows you very clearly

35:11

that it is of a different standard so

35:14

fancy decoration convinces you that this

35:17

is the Caiaphas of Caiaphas is not that

35:20

common name it's not a common as common

35:23

name as

35:23

Jesus Joseph John or Mary it is a rare

35:26

name it's a name that we know from both

35:28

Jewish sources and from the New

35:30

Testament and it is good in in dating

35:35

and timing for that period and it could

35:37

be that one the fact is that we have

35:40

never found anywhere else an ossuary

35:43

with the name Joseph son of Caiaphas

35:46

anywhere else on the other hand you have

35:48

a whole bunch of unique things Yaser

35:51

which you find in this tomb and that

35:54

specific variation of the name you only

35:57

find in the Gospel of Mark as a brother

35:59

of Jesus only in this tomb no other as

36:03

rare as Caiaphas in fact rarer because

36:05

in the Caiaphas family tomb you found

36:07

several Caiaphas's Yosa appears once

36:10

period out of all these thousands of a

36:14

series have been found yet nobody says

36:16

in all probability that's probably the

36:19

brother of Jesus of Nazareth

36:20

nobody does that the fact that the

36:23

probabilities in Caiaphas are very high

36:25

does not say in all certainty that this

36:28

is the one there was no inscription

36:30

inside saying I have crucified Jesus we

36:33

don't know for a hundred percent we

36:35

never know for a hundred percent in

36:36

archaeology

36:40

but the experts do seem 100% comfortable

36:43

connecting some ossuaries directly to

36:46

famous names in the Gospels as long as

36:48

they steer clear of the Jesus family at

36:53

the 5th station on the Via Dolorosa

36:54

the path Jesus walked carrying his cross

36:57

we find a dedication to Simon of Cyrene

37:00

II

37:04

[Music]

37:09

it is here that there was a moment both

37:12

historic and intimate between Jesus and

37:15

a man called Simon

37:21

according to the Gospels Jesus stumbled

37:23

on route to the crucifixion and Simon

37:26

was visiting Jerusalem from Cyrene II

37:28

helped him carry his burden

37:32

[Music]

37:43

Simon and his son Alexander became early

37:46

followers of Jesus experts agree that

37:50

there are shoe Arry has been found

37:54

strangely it's it's ignored under an

37:57

archival shelf in the back of a

37:59

university building well we have a nice

38:05

ossuary that was found in 1941 one of

38:09

the inscriptions clearly says Alexander

38:14

son of Simon Alexandra's Simo knows that

38:17

one that's clearly incised is right here

38:20

Shimon you can see it very cool right

38:23

Shimon and apparently the chalk which is

38:25

on the other side and is essentially

38:27

faded does have the two names Alexander

38:31

at the top

38:32

Simon below which would indicate that

38:34

both of these individuals were put in

38:37

this very on the lid of this ossuary the

38:41

place name

38:42

Cyrene II in modern Libya is inscribed

38:45

Simon of Cyrene is mentioned in the New

38:48

Testament helping Jesus with his carry

38:51

his cross

38:51

if scholars have generally agreed this

38:54

is his bone box this is it then this is

38:57

one of the most important artifacts and

38:59

Christendom why is it sitting under

39:02

somebody's table part of it is that it

39:04

was found many years ago in 1941 that

39:08

was long before there were even popular

39:10

magazines on Biblical Archaeology for

39:13

the layman so it escaped the popular

39:16

attention you have to have a publicist

39:18

do you have to have somebody that says

39:20

boy this is something let's put this out

39:22

right ends up sitting in a storeroom it

39:25

ends up sitting in a storeroom maybe

39:28

we'll be able to see that chart that

39:31

charcoal green charcoal if we get the

39:32

light over here on this and be able to

39:34

read it too soon okay it's so good yeah

39:36

bring that over yeah oh look at this

39:40

simcha the mirror look at this

39:42

forget the green for a minute look this

39:45

is in space oh my I don't think that's

39:48

published it's not published as it's not

39:50

in any of their publications on the

39:54

ossuary of Simon of Cyrene II the man

39:56

who helped carry Jesus's cross we found

39:59

the same symbol that is carved over the

40:02

entrance to the tempie up to the tomb

40:04

that housed the ossuary inscribed Jesus

40:07

son of Joseph I mean I've never heard

40:11

this any book I'm his shot Wow

40:13

well I didn't expect I was trying to

40:15

read the green letters it wasn't looking

40:17

for signs of early Christianity signs of

40:23

early Christianity is this a symbol that

40:27

predates the cross is it possible that

40:31

the symbol marking that help you to

40:33

became the symbol of the Jesus Movement

40:37

it is if the tomb belongs to Jesus and

40:40

his family nothing look at nothing this

40:46

one anywhere given anything I think it's

40:49

a plastic

41:01

[Music]

41:10

you're nuts Inc I'll kill you

41:12

we're very serious mortgage guy you know

41:15

we're at the point now I think we got a

41:17

call on a plumber we're gonna we're

41:21

gonna break into the tomb with a plumber

41:23

you got a better idea

41:28

you tired yeah we need a plumber now no

41:33

nobody will come now it's almost 9:00

41:35

p.m. so call him now and bring him

41:37

tomorrow

41:38

this is crazy start with the plumber

41:41

what else we gotta do

41:53

[Music]

42:00

over 25 years ago archaeologists

42:03

discovered four ossuaries links directly

42:06

to Jesus and his family then on a fifth

42:11

ossuary the uncovered another

42:13

inscription the inscription has two

42:17

parts the second part reads Mara well

42:20

the first part is a diminutive of Miriam

42:22

Lee and although no one had ever seen

42:26

this name on an ossuary it was

42:29

translated as just another version of

42:31

Mary Mary also known as Mara

42:41

but would it make sense to find in the

42:44

Jesus family tomb to ossuaries with the

42:47

name Mary first maria the name used in

42:51

the gospels to refer to the Virgin

42:53

Mother and the second a unique spelling

42:57

of both Mary and the name Mara it might

43:01

make sense if the second Mary this

43:03

Miriam name was Mary Magdalene

43:15

Mary Magdalene comes down to us in the

43:18

New Testament is not just a name but a

43:21

name and title according to scholars she

43:25

is Mary from Magdala Mary Magdalene

43:29

Magdala was an important Trade Center

43:32

close to the Sea of Galilee the people

43:34

from Magdala would have spoken Greek as

43:37

well as Aramaic Christian traditions

43:41

suggest that Mary Magdalene and her

43:43

brother Philip were preachers to the

43:45

Greek speaking Jews and it's quite

43:48

likely that Mary Magdalene family and

43:50

followers would have written her name in

43:52

Greek the Mariamne ossuary is the only

43:56

one found in the Tapia tomb with a Greek

44:00

inscription let's say in this very tomb

44:05

of Tao field the second mary right was

44:08

clearly identifiable as Mary Magdalene

44:12

that's a right what would you be

44:15

reaction then along inside this cluster

44:18

it would be fascinating and certainly

44:20

draw much more attention and raise many

44:22

more questions but it isn't

44:24

we don't have Mary of Magdala in that

44:27

tomb if one of the Ospreys had said Mary

44:31

Magdalene I would say Wow and I would be

44:35

a lot more impressed if it will be

44:37

written Miriam a good Marya coming from

44:41

McDonough Oh Maria Magdalena is a very

44:44

interesting if the Mariamne inscription

44:48

could be connected to Mary Magdalene it

44:51

would be more than interesting it would

44:54

be statistically compelling because we

44:56

could create a combined probability

44:58

equation for the Talbot cluster that

45:01

includes Mary amny

45:04

what happens when you do that is that

45:07

the individual probability factors even

45:09

though they're not terribly small in any

45:11

one particular case when you multiply

45:14

them all together it actually starts to

45:17

build up a picture that the overall

45:20

thing that you've seen is actually a

45:23

very rare event because foyer burger

45:27

takes a conservative approach he

45:29

eliminates Mattia altogether since he is

45:32

not a known member of Jesus's immediate

45:35

family foyer burger also divides the

45:38

probability outcome by four so as to

45:41

compensate for any unintended biases in

45:44

the historical data and he further

45:46

divides the number by 1,000 representing

45:49

all first century Jerusalem tombs by the

45:53

end his model concludes that there is

45:55

only one chance in 600 that the talbiya

45:58

tomb is not the Jesus family tomb if

46:02

Mary omne can be linked to Mary

46:04

Magdalene

46:07

but can she

46:10

one of the most famous tales associated

46:13

with Mary Magdalene is in the Gospel of

46:15

John where Jesus stops the stoning of a

46:18

woman punished for adultery but there is

46:34

no indication in the text that the

46:36

unnamed woman is Magdalene it's a later

46:41

Christian tradition that has linked the

46:43

adulteress to Magdalene just as it is

46:47

linked her to the tale in Luke of

46:49

another unnamed woman specifically

46:52

labeled a sinner who anoints the feet of

46:54

Jesus drying them with her hair

47:04

[Music]

47:09

today scholars believe that Mary

47:12

Magdalene and the two unnamed women in

47:15

Luke and John are all different women

47:18

the tradition of linking Mary Magdalene

47:21

to these so-called sinners can be traced

47:24

back to a turnaround in the Church of

47:26

later centuries when women were excluded

47:28

from being consecrated as religious

47:30

leaders previous to that time women were

47:34

ordained and in many early Christian

47:37

writings Mary Magdalene is highly

47:40

respected as a missionary I think that

47:45

Mary Magdalene was an extremely

47:46

important person in the Jesus Movement

47:49

so important that I think this is my

47:53

opinion I know I'm not representing

47:56

anybody else in this but I think that

47:57

she actually is the real founder of

48:01

Christianity Mary of Magdala was a major

48:06

apostille on a par with Peter at the

48:10

time of Jesus but later after the New

48:13

Testament we say she's a prostitute

48:15

so the opposition to Mary of Magdala

48:18

inside the New Testament and after the

48:21

New Testament is the surest proof for me

48:23

that she was very very important the

48:27

strong leadership displayed by Magdalene

48:29

would have been regarded as suspect by

48:32

an evolving male-dominated church so

48:36

from the second century when church

48:37

fathers began suppressing dozens of

48:39

early Christian writings the church

48:42

rejected two texts that held Mary

48:44

Magdalene in highest regard the gospel

48:48

of Mary Magdalene and a text describing

48:51

her brother's ministry the acts of

48:53

Philip

48:54

for centuries only fragments of these

48:57

texts remain and some sections had been

49:00

considered lost forever

49:02

[Music]

49:13

you

49:15

[Music]

49:21

in 1974 in an ancient monastery on mount

49:25

athos in greece a harvard university

49:28

professor Francoise Bhavan uncovered a

49:31

700 year old manuscript

49:34

it was the most complete copy ever found

49:37

of the 4th century text the acts of

49:39

Phillip in it Bommel claims to have

49:43

discovered an early description of mary

49:44

magdalene unmarked by later Christian

49:47

tradition in the acts of Phillip she is

49:51

completely there is no mention of her

49:56

previous life she's seen positively as a

50:00

Christian missionary so she's completely

50:03

the same level as male missionaries she

50:07

preaches

50:08

she teaches she baptized she carries

50:11

even the title apostle if in the early

50:15

Christian movement Mary Magdalene was an

50:17

apostle then the unique alias Mara on

50:21

Miriam nazar she could be pointing to

50:23

something extraordinary in Aramaic Mara

50:27

means master Mara the master even today

50:35

if you go to the Armenian Quarter the

50:38

archbishop or one of the priests would

50:41

be like Marr Samuel or more whatever

50:44

Lord master you can still hear it so

50:48

it's a sign of respect for a rabbi for a

50:51

teacher related to the Mara the Lord the

50:54

master it is clear in the acts of

50:57

Phillip that Mary Magdalene is respected

50:59

as a preacher Baptizer and apostle

51:03

strong and faithful

51:06

and close to Jesus it would make sense

51:09

then for her followers to refer to her

51:11

as Mara master but what about the

51:16

spelling of the first name in the

51:18

inscription the unique Mary Omni never

51:21

found before or since on any other

51:23

ossuary in the acts of Phillip Mary

51:27

Magdalene's name is spelled

51:40

Mariamne is the same woman has Mary of

51:45

Magdala or Mary Magdalene in the

51:49

synoptic Gospels and in some non

51:53

canonical texts like the gospel of Mary

51:55

pista Sophia etc the acts of Phillip

52:00

seem to explain all the mysteries behind

52:02

this inscription but if this is really

52:06

the ossuary belonging to Mary Magdalene

52:10

then there's one more thing that needs

52:12

to be investigated the common held

52:17

belief based on medieval tradition is

52:19

that after the death of Jesus the

52:21

disciples were expelled from Judea and

52:24

scattered to many lands traveling and

52:26

spreading the word of God

52:36

after some time Mary Magdalene ended up

52:39

in France where she spent the last of

52:41

her days following this later Christian

52:45

tradition it would be impossible to

52:47

discover Mary Magdalene's coffin Intel

52:50

Pia Jerusalem however in the acts of

52:54

Phillip written in the fourth century

52:56

the oldest known account of Mary

52:58

Magdalene's travels she does not die in

53:01

France according to the acts of Philip

53:07

at the end of the story Mariana is said

53:11

supposed to go home to Israel to the

53:17

Jordan Valley and the author has an

53:20

illusion that where she would die and be

53:24

buried the acts of filler clearly tell

53:28

us that Mary Magdalene Jesus is most

53:31

trusted apostle dies here in Jerusalem

53:35

[Music]

53:41

would it really be that implausible to

53:43

find her buried beside Jesus in the tomb

53:46

of the Jesus family the statistical

53:55

probabilities are compelling the cluster

53:58

of names in the Tapia tomb extraordinary

54:02

the connections to the Gospels too

54:05

strong to dismiss armed with this new

54:08

knowledge our team may now be able to

54:11

uncover new clues inside the TEL via

54:14

tune if we can just get inside let's

54:21

grab our stuff and see what you get

54:27

see what we got now that that plumber

54:29

cleared it all out for us

54:30

this is this I still dread the idea that

54:34

maybe the blockage was bottom all right

54:38

[Music]

54:40

14 feet here's the blockage we're at the

54:42

point now yeah and it's not the bottom

54:44

which is good our still go on aside the

54:46

bottom that's good this is deep this is

54:48

really this you're already 20 feet down

54:51

you know that's look at our thoughts of

54:53

item I think what is that can you see

54:55

the button Felix we hit another blockage

54:57

or we're at the bottom but what happened

54:59

to that side supposed to curve the

55:03

camera let me pan around see if we can

55:04

find something you should we don't see

55:06

anything I'm panning laughs okay oh

55:08

sorry yeah yeah

55:09

there is there's an opening absolutely

55:12

there it is there it is was there the

55:15

right in the tomb we got the tomb we got

55:17

to where I didn't front of the facade

55:19

whirring oh my god there it is

55:21

yeah that's not that's a that's the tomb

55:31

you know what that's not the that's not

55:34

the entrance to the tomb we're in the

55:36

tomb you're in the door yes that's it

55:41

it's the tomb all right here it's the -

55:44

man we got the tomb of a found our tomb

55:48

but where's the gable e time also you

55:51

know the Gable the the rescue shoot my

55:53

Allah what I think that's it isn't it

55:57

that ass you Eric

55:58

where that's ossuary those are Oscars

56:01

yes yes oh my goodness there's good news

56:05

and there's bad news here the Nazi area

56:12

well what does that mean which means

56:17

we're in the wrong tomb our tomb is

56:18

empty so strong the wrong

56:30

you know what this may be the second

56:34

time right the one we thought was 20

56:40

meters north we're in a second term

56:43

right our tomb is 20 meters south of

56:46

here good news is no one has ever been

56:50

seen a tomb from the time of Jesus and

56:53

in pristine condition

56:56

[Music]

57:02

although we found ourselves in the wrong

57:04

tomb perhaps these finely crafted

57:08

ossuaries so close to the tell Piatt

57:10

tomb are somehow connected to Jesus or

57:14

his followers

57:18

Hey

57:21

so it's next

57:24

we gotta find the tomb the holy talent

57:27

oh god I've been looking 20 meters south

57:30

who's gonna be on the other side of this

57:32

building

57:33

[Music]

57:34

it's this way there you go okay you're

57:40

going to do that's the parking lot

57:43

shouldn't be a big deal

57:44

south is south when he meters takes us

57:47

in the garden twenty meters is not much

57:50

we're okay in 1980 the IAA catalogued

58:05

four of the ten ossuaries from the Tau

58:07

Fiat tomb as bearing no names but these

58:11

ossuary x' were far from plain several

58:15

displayed ornamental rosettes on their

58:17

sides and on the rear panel of the

58:20

ossuary catalogued 80 - 506 they found a

58:24

large cross mark okay look at this look

58:32

some kind of mark it looks like a cross

58:34

to me it looks like a cross

58:39

but this cross mark was immediately

58:41

dismissed as a Mason's mark it is

58:45

theorized that Mason marks were

58:47

scratched onto ossuaries by the coffin

58:49

carvers as signatures or marks

58:51

indicating how lids should be aligned to

58:54

boxes this one is nothing to do with

59:04

Christianity is just a scratch it's very

59:06

common it's just a sign of the Mason I

59:09

believe that's because not simply any

59:17

archaeological rain it was even before

59:19

fourth century the common belief among

59:26

archaeologists and historians is that

59:29

there is almost no archaeological

59:30

evidence of early Christianity until the

59:33

fourth century 300 years after the death

59:37

of Jesus this is when the Roman Emperor

59:40

Constantine the Great

59:41

legalized Christianity essentially

59:44

allowing an underground movement

59:45

acceptance into general civil society

59:49

its popularity exploded across the

59:52

Empire and Constantine became known as

59:54

the first Christian Emperor but it's

59:57

hard to believe that an early Christian

59:59

movement strong enough to last 300 years

60:02

of persecution and then sweep the Roman

60:05

Empire would have left no archaeological

60:08

evidence of its existence before its

60:11

legalization you know what I noticed out

60:15

of corn Maya yeah a cross inside a

60:18

circle what is there that's great I love

60:21

that question because this is not a

60:23

cross this is four centuries before the

60:25

cross was established as a Christian

60:29

symbol this is a rosette the most common

60:32

design on Oscars of the first century

60:34

other authors have also crosses on them

60:37

but there are Masons marks to fit the

60:40

placement of the lid to the box itself

60:43

to prove the point that the cross was

60:45

used as a Christian symbol in first

60:48

century you need much more evidence than

60:51

one fully executed

60:52

that today the cross is immediately

60:56

associated with crucifixion but that is

61:00

a reference that would have been

61:01

horrific

61:01

during the years directly following

61:03

Jesus's death for anyone in the first

61:07

century to wear a cross around their

61:09

neck would like someone today wearing a

61:12

little electric chair it was disgusting

61:16

it was a symbol of torture and his only

61:19

when crucifixion was stopped that the

61:21

human imagination was able to move from

61:24

the reality to the symbol but perhaps

61:29

people did use crosses as religious

61:31

symbols at the time of Jesus crosses

61:35

that had nothing to do with crucifixion

61:37

in the Bible

61:40

Ezekiel there's a place where God says

61:43

go through the city and put like we

61:45

would say an X or a cross on the

61:47

forehead of all the righteous people

61:49

before this is a cross people are doing

61:52

X's or crosses but they're not thinking

61:55

of Jesus the cross at all what they're

61:58

thinking of is it's the end the idea of

62:01

finalizing right stamp sealed delivered

62:03

and it took on an apocalyptic meaning

62:06

then the last letter means that you're

62:09

sealed up that you're finished that

62:11

you're okay that you're waiting maybe

62:14

for the resurrection you know let's mark

62:16

the people that are prepared with the X

62:19

or the Tov the Tov the last letter in

62:25

the Hebrew alphabet or tau in Aramaic

62:30

in the book of Revelation Jesus declares

62:33

I am the Alpha and Omega the first and

62:36

the last the beginning and the end Alpha

62:41

and Omega are the first and the last

62:42

letters in the Greek alphabet Jesus

62:45

would have declared I am the Elif and

62:48

the tau as he spoken Aramaic and in his

62:53

time the symbol tau was drawn as a cross

62:58

on the ossuary marked Jesus son of

63:02

Joseph directly before the name Jesus is

63:06

a deliberate inscription of a Tau that

63:13

cross is absolutely part of the original

63:16

inscription but it's the same depth and

63:19

style of the inscription plus the

63:22

mineral vaporization clearly going deep

63:26

into all the letters if this symbol this

63:31

tau was a mark of righteousness at the

63:34

time of Jesus it may very well have been

63:37

adopted by his earliest followers

63:40

centuries later it would evolve into the

63:43

Christian cross it's a terrible thing

63:46

when a culture is wiped out and yet

63:50

you know there's a sense of what in

63:52

which that's happened to Jesus and his

63:54

followers now that sounds very shocking

63:56

somebody says what Jesus sent as far as

63:58

I became Christianity they're not wiped

64:00

out but that original movement the way

64:03

they originally were as Jews right here

64:06

in this area believing in their own

64:09

version of the Jewish faith but also

64:11

following Jesus that sort of disappeared

64:14

and I think it's disappeared for

64:16

theological reasons even though I think

64:19

the material evidence is around if we'll

64:22

just open our eyes and see it

64:26

could it be that there was a movement

64:28

made up of Jews who saw Jesus as their

64:31

Messiah not their God and because this

64:35

movement largely disappeared from

64:37

history we are blind to the

64:40

archaeological evidence they've left

64:41

behind if there is evidence for this

64:47

movement of judeo-christians the logical

64:50

place to look for it is here according

64:54

to tradition this is the view Jesus had

64:57

when he walked up the Mount of Olives

64:58

and gazed upon the Jewish holy temple

65:01

where the Muslim gold dome of the rock

65:04

now stands was once the Holy of Holies

65:08

there the Ark of the Covenant was housed

65:11

according to Luke Jesus looked at the

65:14

temple foresaw its destruction and wept

65:18

where he wept is here

65:21

dominus flevit a holy site on which

65:24

Franciscan monks built this monastery in

65:27

1891 this spot would have been the

65:31

perfect place for a judeo-christian

65:33

cemetery overlooking the temple they

65:35

were sure Jesus would come back to

65:37

rebuild in 1953 while renovating the

65:44

Franciscans discovered a 2000 year old

65:46

cemetery

65:51

this ancient necropolis was partially

65:54

excavated by a well-known archaeologist

65:56

named

65:57

gelormino Bugatti but Gotti claimed that

66:02

these ossuary x' belonged to some of the

66:05

earliest followers of Jesus if this is a

66:10

early judeo-christian cemetery and that

66:14

means that our tomb is not sitting in

66:16

some kind of archaeological vacuum it's

66:18

really part of a network of cemeteries

66:21

this can provide an archaeological

66:25

context for our tomb in this network of

66:29

tombs the Franciscans discovered a bone

66:32

box with an inscription naming one of

66:35

the most famous early Christians simon

66:38

barjona

66:39

I don't know if everybody will recognize

66:42

that immediately but jesus said to Simon

66:45

Peter who's venerated later as the Pope

66:49

in the head of the church you are simon

66:52

barjona blessed are you Peter see his

66:54

name is not Peter that's a Greek word

66:56

name is shamone shamone bari or not

67:04

today only a piece of the ossuary

67:06

remains the Franciscans have stored it

67:09

in a small Museum beside their church it

67:13

bears an indisputable inscription the

67:16

only one never found spelling the name

67:19

simon barjona

67:25

simon was one of the twelve original

67:28

apostles of Jesus according to the

67:30

Gospels Jesus renamed him Peter in

67:34

Aramaic Kepha which means Rock he's

67:39

considered a saint by many Christians

67:41

and the first pope by the Roman Catholic

67:43

Church according to tradition Simon

67:46

Peter was crucified and buried in Rome

67:50

so how could his coffin be here in

67:53

Jerusalem the fact is there has never

67:56

been any credible archaeological

67:58

evidence found in Rome underneath the

68:00

Vatican that points to simon barjona and

68:04

here sits nausia where ii discovered at

68:07

dominus flevit bearing his name

68:14

so if this is a judeo-christian

68:16

Acropolis it is part of a network of

68:19

cemeteries and tombs that belong to the

68:21

early followers of Jesus

68:23

including Jesus's family

68:28

[Music]

68:36

okay you're not gonna believe this

68:39

you're not gonna believe it I'm

68:40

imagining can you see no I see it's a

68:45

it's a symbol symbol from the from the

68:47

tomb on an ossuary this is incredible

68:51

because angle and the thing is I danced

68:54

a tentacle Donald say if the dart is

68:56

deliberately inside the inverted V with

69:00

the dot in the middle the symbol from

69:02

our tomb right in an ossuary from what

69:04

is suspected an early cemetery of the

69:08

followers of Jesus to find this symbol

69:12

displayed on an ossuary here in the

69:14

necropolis abdominus flevit directly

69:17

connects it to what is believed to be

69:19

some of the earliest evidence of

69:21

Christianity as to who may have been

69:24

buried in this ossuary and whether or

69:26

not he knew the simon of cyrene ii who

69:28

displays the same markings on his bone

69:30

box or the Jesus son of Joseph whose

69:34

tomb has been amazing with the same

69:35

symbol we can only speculate

69:42

[Music]

69:53

but when it comes to forensics modern

69:56

science doesn't allow for a much

69:58

speculation by studying ancient DNA in

70:02

bone fragments and human residue left

70:04

behind in ossuaries scientists can now

70:08

determine familial relationships between

70:10

the various people in the Talpiot tomb

70:14

Steven Phan is the director of the

70:17

Center for the Study of early

70:18

Christianity and he's assisting Steven

70:21

Cox a forensic archaeologist from New

70:24

York State they have discovered valuable

70:27

material inside the ossuaries inscribed

70:29

merimnate and Jesus son of Joseph inside

70:34

this ossuary we've got some material

70:36

that's adhering to the surface of the

70:38

stone and a very interesting circular

70:40

pattern it's worthy of picking out and

70:43

taking a taking a look at it and see

70:45

what its composition is the pattern

70:47

and/or material could give us a big clue

70:50

as to who what when and where it seems

70:54

outlandish that these samples might

70:56

contain the DNA of Jesus and Mary

70:58

Magdalene but if there is enough

71:01

material these tests may shed a new

71:04

light on Jesus and his family this is

71:07

sample 8500

71:14

the samples have been numbered and sent

71:17

to this DNA lab in the Thunder Bay

71:19

Canada one of only five labs in the

71:21

world that specializes in ancient DNA

71:24

[Music]

71:32

the scientists don't know that the

71:34

samples belong to a Jesus son of Joseph

71:36

and a woman who might be Mary Magdalene

71:45

[Music]

72:02

if these bone samples truly do belong to

72:05

Mary Magdalene and Jesus of Nazareth we

72:08

would expect the tests to show that they

72:11

are not genetically related we would

72:13

expect to find DNA representing two

72:16

individuals with no familiar ties and

72:18

that would be an extremely rare

72:21

discovery in a family tool unless the

72:26

individuals were husband and wife

72:29

[Music]

72:31

okay so we received the samples that you

72:34

sent up and when we first examined them

72:37

they they didn't look very good very dry

72:39

very desiccated very small and very

72:41

fragmentary and so for that reason it

72:43

was going to be very difficult for us to

72:45

do the analysis we then went on to

72:47

process we'll start to process the

72:49

samples and try to understand the

72:51

quality of the DNA is it going to be

72:54

viable for analysis in this particular

72:56

case we found the DNA was fairly

72:59

degraded fairly damaged and for that

73:01

reason it limits what type of work we

73:04

can can do the question now is there

73:09

enough DNA material to create a

73:12

significant profile to obtain the

73:18

maximum amount of information the

73:20

biologist will try to recover what they

73:22

call nuclear DNA from the bone cells the

73:31

extraction analysis showed that nuclear

73:33

DNA was very difficult to recover we

73:35

have been focused on the mitochondrial

73:38

DNA the Maya chondral DNA being

73:40

inherited from mother to child and

73:41

maternally inherited means that we can

73:44

only identify those types of

73:46

relationships the bone material is too

73:50

degraded to recover DNA from the nucleus

73:52

of the cells and so the DNA extraction

73:55

is now focused on the bone cells

73:57

mitochondria mitochondrial DNA can only

74:01

tell us whether or not Jesus son of

74:03

Joseph had the same mother as Miriam

74:05

named

74:06

whether or not they were brother and

74:07

sister

74:17

if the biologists cannot recover

74:20

mitochondrial DNA from the bone cells

74:22

the test will have to be aborted and we

74:27

will never know the true relationship

74:29

between Jesus and Mary Omni we have

74:34

indeed been able to achieve results we

74:37

got the mitochondrial DNA

74:39

it was very fragmented very small

74:41

amounts of DNA we're able to amplify

74:43

where our sequence that we then went on

74:46

to clone both sequenced DNA fragments

74:49

and by cloning the DNA were able to then

74:51

compare many many copies together and

74:53

that increases the validity of the work

74:56

and that way we're able to compare the

74:59

sequences between that one individual

75:02

and the other individual and that's

75:04

essentially what we've done and I can

75:06

show you the results here today okay so

75:10

what we have here is we have two

75:12

sequences just representative sequences

75:14

one from each individual and what I'm

75:16

going to show to you here is some of the

75:18

variations between the two individuals

75:20

and so we have a polymorphism here this

75:24

G and the a a polymorphism is a

75:27

variation between this sequence and

75:30

another sequence or a variation between

75:33

this sequence and the reference sequence

75:34

we use a polymorphism to indicate or

75:37

identify a mitochondrial profile and

75:41

this polymorphism shows one difference

75:43

between the two individuals we also have

75:46

another polymorphism here or we have

75:49

t & a/c showing another polymorphism

75:52

difference so we have a number of

75:54

polymorphisms that show differences

75:55

between the two sequences we can then

75:58

conclude that these two individuals

76:00

they're not related or at least not

76:03

maternally related they do not share the

76:05

same mother

76:06

it can't be mother and child it can't be

76:09

brother and sister

76:10

so for these particular samples because

76:12

they've come from the same tune and we

76:14

suspect it to be a familial term these

76:18

two individuals if they were unrelated

76:20

would most likely be husband and wife

76:30

[Music]

76:35

for centuries people have speculated on

76:38

Mary Magdalene's relationship to Jesus

76:41

Mary Magdalene appears with more

76:43

frequency than other women in the

76:45

canonical Gospels always a close

76:48

follower of Jesus her presence at the

76:52

crucifixion and Jesus's tomb is

76:55

consistent with the role of a grieving

76:57

wife widowed and so perhaps Jesus and

77:02

Mary Magdalene were married as the DNA

77:04

results from the Talpiot ossuaries

77:06

suggests

77:08

[Music]

77:17

and perhaps their union was kept secret

77:19

to protect a potential dynasty a secret

77:23

hidden through the ages a secret we may

77:26

be able to uncover in the Jesus family -

77:34

[Music]

77:39

we finally been able to contact one of

77:42

the original builders of the Tavi

77:44

apartments Ephraim remembers the tool

77:47

but as little hazy on its exact location

77:51

she sort of bibliography Ozma so she

77:55

wrote the paper between the two

77:57

buildings

77:58

taken today is no sound villosa been

78:04

such a bench near banana man okay he

78:07

says it's right between these two

78:08

buildings

78:09

that's right between the apartment

78:12

complexes is a large garden with high

78:14

terraces and it's in this area that if

78:17

rhyme States the two is located there

78:23

will i po ba ba Nev doc but on which

78:26

Terrace is the question

78:33

the yes direction along the retro Mafia

78:38

even OMA at save a home the neighbors

78:41

begin to take an interest in the search

78:42

and point out an inconspicuous cement

78:45

slab on the lower Terrace mines my

79:00

macaca ziffel you talk of the could

79:03

it be under the cement thing Ephraim

79:05

explains that the slab has no structural

79:07

purpose but he's interrupted by an

79:10

almost prophetic visit from a blind

79:11

woman who's lived in the apartment since

79:14

their construction yet have to have

79:26

Aladdin ponies needs to be a silver bell

79:29

Vista grew it exactly Mary Louise

79:31

inverter knows some obviously my sisters

79:34

ago Amy Rowley shamrocks are cruising no

79:39

but the Pope can 12 million opposed is

79:42

it

79:46

1 million percent certainty that's all

79:49

we needed if we could remove this

79:54

inconspicuous cement slab we just might

79:58

find ourselves staring into the entrance

80:00

of the Jesus family tomb

80:36

[Music]

80:57

Felix you realize rolling a big stone

81:04

[Laughter]

81:18

it's unbelievable it's the real thing

81:23

I mean I'm pinching myself I can't

81:29

believe it okay

81:29

come on come on fixer in compared to my

81:31

what okay

81:37

all right I can see I don't know I can

81:42

see the thanks for once separated okay

81:51

no this is definitely it

81:53

look there's the Chevron it's beautiful

81:56

it's just gorgeous

82:01

this is fit look just like in the book

82:05

just like in the picture look at it

82:07

Felix

82:07

we found it we actually found it

82:13

[Music]

82:16

I'm gonna okay

82:24

[Music]

82:42

the opening of the tune 26 years after

82:45

it was found coincides with another

82:48

twist in the story one of the top yet

82:51

ossuaries has disappeared counting these

82:54

one two three four five six seven eight

82:57

nine ten we have ten Audrey's here each

83:00

at the visits to the Beth Shemesh

83:02

warehouse have turned up a strange error

83:05

in the records I went to the store once

83:08

of a Santa Cruz Authority and Beth

83:10

Shemesh they provided me with this

83:12

computer sheets which indicates that

83:15

from this tomb there are nine items says

83:18

there quite clearly number of items nine

83:21

and it has the description of these

83:24

these archways and where they located in

83:26

the stores somehow somewhere one of the

83:30

top year our shores went missing and it

83:33

is with this missing ossuary that a new

83:36

mystery begins

83:41

perhaps the ossuary was stolen

83:44

maybe a worker at the site in 1988 had

83:47

light fingers ossuary scan fetch fairly

83:51

high prices in the antiquities market

83:52

and in October 2002 a chalky limestone

83:57

ossuary surfaced from a private

83:59

collection it bore the inscription James

84:04

son of Joseph brother of Jesus Oded

84:11

Golan a well-known collector stated that

84:14

he had bought the ossuary from an Arab

84:16

antiquities dealer in the Old City of

84:18

Jerusalem decades before but had been

84:22

unaware of the significance of the

84:23

inscription it was among the first

84:27

assures that I have in my collection I

84:29

didn't put any special attention to this

84:33

ossuary because the three names which

84:34

are mentioned on the ossuary which are

84:37

Yakov Yosef and Yeshua Yeshua are very

84:42

common name in the first century and

84:45

therefore I couldn't even think that it

84:49

could belong to the family of Jesus and

84:51

at the same time I never knew that Jesus

84:54

had a brother or siblings of any kind

84:58

after Jesus's death his brother James

85:01

took over his ministry and gathered a

85:04

large following as the undisputed leader

85:06

of the Jesus Movement later Christian

85:10

writings tell us that he was respected

85:12

by early Christians as well as the

85:14

Jewish Pharisees and first century

85:18

Jewish historian Josephus spends more

85:21

time on James than on Jesus just like

85:24

his brother Jesus it was fear of his

85:27

religious popularity and influence that

85:29

led to his death

85:33

in what was widely viewed as an act of

85:35

judicial murder the temple high priest

85:38

animus condemned James and had him

85:40

executed in Jerusalem by stoning the

85:51

numerous accounts of James's life show

85:53

an early Christian of such importance

85:55

that if it was at all possible he would

85:58

most certainly have been laid beside

85:59

Jesus in death

86:02

[Music]

86:08

[Music]

86:13

it wasn't until 2002 that a highly

86:16

credited scholar viewed Oded Golan's

86:19

collection and suggested that the James

86:21

ossuary might belong to the family of

86:23

Jesus of Nazareth and so began what is

86:29

now a famous controversy a battle of

86:32

scholars and science over the

86:34

authenticity of the James ossuary the

86:37

James ossuary where did it come from the

86:41

collector who owned it

86:43

Oded Golan well-publicised says he got

86:47

it around 1980 sometimes he said before

86:51

after but hey around 1980 our tomb was

86:54

discovered in 1980 there's a missing

86:56

ossuary the Israeli Antiquities can't

87:00

find it now maybe they'll find it in the

87:01

back of a warehouse but I checked the

87:03

dimensions I was just curious

87:05

the missing ashtray was catalog is gone

87:08

the dimensions of that ossuary the same

87:11

as the James ossuary no a lot of people

87:15

have concluded experts that the James

87:18

ossuary is a forgery but nobody says

87:21

it's all a forgery and the position now

87:23

of the Israel Antiquities Authority is

87:26

that it originally said James son of

87:28

Joseph I would be fine with that I mean

87:31

you think about it we've got these six

87:33

names if the James son of Joseph forget

87:37

brother of Jesus see what the ossuary

87:40

says James son of Joseph brother Jesus

87:42

some people say well the brother Jesus

87:43

maybe that was a tit it wouldn't matter

87:46

obviously it'd be the brother of Jesus

87:48

you got it Jesus a Joseph a James son of

87:50

Joseph if it were from this tomb

87:53

now we're speculating but the time is

87:56

right the name is right and that I think

87:59

would really make it fairly clear that

88:02

this is the Jesus family

88:05

but what would it take to determine

88:07

whether the James ossuary originated in

88:10

the Talpiot tooth the date and the

88:13

recorded dimensions are extremely

88:15

suggestive but it's the patina that

88:17

should prove the case one way or another

88:22

over time in a tool

88:24

minerals and sediment accumulate on

88:27

ossuaries this accumulation is called

88:31

patina and it can be scientifically

88:34

analyzed to produce a chemical and

88:36

mineral fingerprint specific to an

88:38

ossuary or two every ossuary discovered

88:42

in a particular tomb will have the same

88:44

attina fingerprint

88:50

the samples taken from the James ossuary

88:52

show certain trace materials such as

88:54

titanium and iron that are unique to the

88:57

James ossuary

88:59

if the James patina matches the

89:02

ossuaries from the Talpiot tomb it will

89:05

be strong evidence that the James

89:06

ossuary is the missing bone box and

89:09

belongs to the family of Jesus dr.

89:16

Charles Pellegrino has come to the bet

89:17

Shemesh warehouse in Israel to collect

89:21

patina samples from the Talmud to

89:23

Marshall Aries I can get a lot of the

89:26

debris that would be good yes excellent

89:31

this is 85 o3

89:33

[Music]

89:35

Jesus son of Joseph it's just one of

89:38

those moments were you struck to a kind

89:41

of silence knowing that you're holding

89:43

the chemical history from the ossuary

89:47

that may actually have contained the

89:50

remains of Jesus of Nazareth a dr.

89:55

Pellegrino's request we commissioned the

89:58

collection of random patina samples to

90:00

determine whether the taffy Abdullah

90:02

latina is really distinct this Martina

90:06

and that is plenty for Charlie to work

90:09

in on the on electron microscope if the

90:14

random samples do not match the tau P

90:16

Adarsh works well the James samples do

90:19

then the statistical probabilities that

90:22

the Jesus family tomb has been found

90:24

would be overwhelming

90:27

if we're possible to obtain evidence

90:30

that the James ossuary might be this

90:34

missing ossuary then this would have a

90:38

very strong additional degree of

90:43

evidentiary value I would say that that

90:47

would be an absolute slam dunk if that

90:52

were in fact shown to be the case the

90:57

Suffolk Crime Lab is a leading American

90:59

CSI lab involved in solving modern-day

91:02

crime mysteries today it will use its

91:06

forensic expertise to determine how the

91:08

patina from the James ossuary and the

91:10

patina from the random room settings

91:12

compared to the Tao PIAT ossuary did you

91:16

see that piece that had sort of like

91:19

that tunnel running through it yes do

91:21

you want to take another sample out of

91:23

this container or is that yeah I think

91:26

that's enough all right yeah I think

91:29

that'll do

91:30

yeah mint it just as is so that piece

91:33

will be good to look at right now we're

91:36

just taking other samples of the

91:39

accretion from inside the ossuary iron

91:42

is part of the signature that gives the

91:45

soil that distinctive color we now have

91:48

it from this tomb we have it from the

91:49

osso Aries from this tomb we're just

91:51

taking other samples and we're going to

91:54

look at them under the scanning electron

91:56

microscope and ping them with the

91:59

electron microprobe

92:11

[Music]

92:12

what we're looking at here now is the

92:15

spectrum of the patina sample that we

92:18

just analyzed this is predominantly a

92:21

limestone material correct Charlie yeah

92:24

that's why it's called The Jerusalem

92:25

chalk it's a very soft limestone but

92:30

what I find interesting is the small

92:32

trace materials that we are locating

92:34

here as opposed to the general limestone

92:37

properties that you would expect to find

92:38

when those in iron titanium potassium

92:42

phosphorus magnesium so far the

92:46

elemental composition that we analyzed

92:50

with this particular section of patina

92:52

is consistent with the trace materials

92:54

that we found in the James ossuary the

92:58

signature is the same it matches the

93:02

patina samples from the Tatia to match

93:05

with the James ossuary but what about

93:09

the random samples as it turns out none

93:12

of them matched help yot the same

93:15

chemical and mineral spikes as that of

93:18

the Talpiot tomb are exhibited only by

93:20

the James patina this is key evidence

93:24

indicating that the ossuary inscribed

93:26

James son of Joseph brother of Jesus is

93:30

the missing ossuary from the TAFIa -

93:33

when the James ossuary is included in

93:35

our statistical model the probability

93:38

factor changes from 600 to 1 in favor of

93:41

the tomb to 30,000 to 1 strongly

93:45

suggesting that this tomb belonged to

93:47

the family of Jesus of Nazareth

93:56

[Music]

94:11

oh my god Oh awesomest yes it's like one

94:36

two three businesses the coffee to here

94:39

to here to here exactly six alone ah

94:42

look to death nature's or you lay out

94:45

the body Jesus's body Mary's body would

94:47

have been there look and then look over

94:50

here hey this is it this is absolutely a

94:54

duel over to look at that's pretty deep

95:01

yeah does cookie more very deep I didn't

95:04

realize look at that Felix what is that

95:08

there's a decision

95:11

this isn't inscription this is gig it's

95:15

an SC that's an end

95:16

3n it's an N or M and and what's this we

95:23

needed a bigger friend this is old two

95:26

three four five six letters see the

95:29

Greek or Latin words certainly not

95:31

Hebrew

95:32

looking around we noticed that we were

95:35

sitting on mounds of decomposing pages

95:37

of Scripture what is that sign that that

95:41

shut it down look at that Felix this is

95:45

full of holy books disintegrating holy

95:48

box according to Jewish law biblical

95:52

books cannot be discarded they have to

95:55

be buried like humans it seems that in

95:58

the weeks following the removal of the

96:00

ossuaries and before the tomb was

96:02

resealed a local rabbinical school

96:05

filled the tomb with damaged holy texts

96:08

among them we found a book that Jesus

96:11

refers to as the key to his ministry The

96:14

Book of Jonah Jesus says in the gospel

96:17

if you want to know that his apostle

96:20

said what are you off to master and he

96:22

says you want to know what I'm up to

96:23

read The Book of Jonah that's that's the

96:27

code

96:28

right here Jonah the Gospels record that

96:38

Jesus constantly spoke in parables and

96:40

cords not surprising for a leader of

96:43

what today would be labeled an

96:45

anti-government movement a man destined

96:48

for crucifixion and those who speak in

96:50

codes often Harbor great secrets

97:00

[Music]

97:05

during the rushed excavations in 1980

97:08

archaeologists removed from the tapia to

97:11

the last ossuary with an inscription the

97:15

ossuary belonged to a child at the IAA

97:19

Rockefeller Museum the inscription was

97:21

translated Yehuda Yeshua yes you heard

97:27

that bar Yeshua comes into English of

97:30

Judah son of Jesus Judah son of Jesus

97:38

the New Testament doesn't say that Jesus

97:41

had a son the perhaps in this instance

97:45

archaeology forces us to throw a

97:47

different light on the New Testament

97:51

could this bone box have once held the

97:54

remains of the son of Jesus and Mary

97:56

Magdalene

98:02

if Judah was their son his existence

98:06

would most certainly have been kept

98:08

secret since Jesus was perceived to be a

98:11

pretender to the royal throne

98:13

Jesus's son would have been a target of

98:16

arrest and crucifixion by Roman

98:18

authorities

98:23

it was a time of great persecution

98:27

anyone associated with Jesus ministry

98:30

was threatened his cousin John the

98:33

Baptist beheaded James the brother of

98:37

Jesus stoned to death

98:41

Simon another brother crucified if they

98:46

were parents Jesus and Mary would have

98:49

known that leaking knowledge of the

98:51

birth of their child would have put the

98:53

child at terrible risk

98:57

so perhaps the unnamed beloved disciple

99:01

referred to in the book of John is

99:03

actually the son of Jesus

99:06

[Music]

99:12

who remains unnamed in the text to

99:15

conceal the child's lineage in John 1926

99:24

Jesus asks the Beloved Disciple at the

99:27

base of the cross to behold his mother

99:31

he then says to Mary

99:33

[Music]

99:40

Marielle may hold your son

99:46

traditionally this scene has been

99:48

understood as Jesus addressing Mary his

99:51

mother can this be later theology could

99:58

it be that Jesus was talking to Mary

100:01

Magdalene his wife asking her to protect

100:04

their son on the other hand maybe the

100:13

fact that there was a son in the talbiya

100:15

tomb

100:16

means that the Jesus found in this tool

100:18

is not Jesus of Nazareth accordingly we

100:27

would have to believe that living around

100:29

the same time in the same place there

100:33

was another Jesus who also had a father

100:36

named Joseph and to close male relatives

100:40

named James and Yossi and two women in

100:46

his life one called Maria and the other

100:50

Mary Omni

100:53

[Music]

101:12

what's that noise think they're getting

101:14

upset they were one of the tenants in

101:29

the Tokyo departments works for the

101:31

Israel Antiquities Authority and even

101:34

though we have permission from the

101:35

tenant board she's called in the IAA

101:38

Javed Miandad element they showed I'm

101:42

not a mother no mom

101:44

Aniki it was the Tokyo department owners

101:52

who are concerned for their children's

101:54

safety arranged for this tomb to be

101:56

sealed a tomb that the IAA had left open

102:00

in 1980 obtaining permission from the

102:04

IAA to open the tomb they never sealed

102:06

seems unnecessary but despite our please

102:11

we were asked to cover it again okay

102:15

some people is gold

102:16

Motley's girl olive thought

102:18

[Music]

102:21

the tomb that arguably once held the

102:24

remains of Mary the mother of Jesus

102:27

Matthew from Mary's family line you'll

102:31

say and James the Brothers of Jesus Mary

102:35

Magdalene her husband Jesus and Judah

102:40

their son is sealed up again

102:50

[Music]

102:51

who knows what secrets are still inside

102:55

her how long they will be kept hidden

102:57

under the table yacht apartments

103:01

[Music]

103:15

you