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러시아 극동지역 개발에 박차
- 러시아 극동지역 개발과 기반시설 및 교통 문제가 내각에서 본격적으로 협의됨
- 러시아 메드베데프 총리는 극동 연안의 항구도시까지의 화물수송량 증가를 위해 정부가 국영 철도기업에 80억불
이상을 투입할 계획이라고 밝힘
- 그동안 광업회사들로부터 철도의 동부노선의 화물과적문제가 사업과 투자, 수출의 방해요인이라는 불만이 제기되어
왔으며, 올해부터 향후 5년 동안 시베리아 횡단(Trans-Siberian) 노선과 바이칼-아무르(Baikal-Amur) 노선의 화물
수송량을 늘리기 위한 자금이 지원될 예정임
- 정부 지원금 2천 6백억 루블(84억불)로 극동 개발 계획의 부족분을 채우고, 민간 투자를 유인하여 남은 자금을 충당
하고자 함
- 또한 향후 5년 동안 발생하는 정부 수입 중 3천 20억 루블을 적립하여 극동 지역 개발에 지원할 계획임
- 태평양행 철도로 수송되는 화물의 대부분은 석탄, 목재, 곡물, 철이며, 총 1천 6백만 톤의 화물을 처리함. 개발 착수 후
항구로 향하는 화물 수송량은 1년에 2천 5백만 메트릭톤의 증가가 가능할 것으로 기대됨
- 극동 연방 지구 개발 계획에서 두 번째로 가장 많은 예산이 투입되는 항목은 이 지역의 공항 시설을 개선하는 것으로,
울란우데(Ulan-Ude)와 페트로파블롭스크 캄차츠키(Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) 공항에는 완전 점검이 시행되고,
61개의 소규모 공항 또한 개선될 예정임. 이를 위해 2017년까지 연방예산에서 1천 10억 루블의 지원금이 필요함
- 도로와 항구의 개선은, 같은 기간에 연방 예산에서 추가로 850억 루블의 지원금을 지속적으로 끌어오는 것을 의미하며,
극동 개발 계획에는 총 5천 260억 루블의 연방 재원이 필요할 것으로 전망됨. 이 중 470억 루블은 올해 집행 될 예정임
- 메드베데프 총리는 국가복지자금(National Wellbeing Fund) 투자 수익과 석유 수익금의 일부로 극동 개발 사업에 지원할
수 있음을 밝혔으며, 연금 기금의 일부도 국영 개발은행과 국영기업(VEB)의 관리 하에서 대출이 가능함을 언급함
- 러시아 철도와 더불어, 극동 개발 계획에 대규모의 투자 움직임을 보이는 국영기업들이 있으며, 이 중 RusHydro는 작년
정부로부터 받은 자금으로 신규 발전소 건설에 대규모 투자를 준비 중임. 또한 Federal Grid Co.의 경우, 국영기업이
운영하는 연금저축에서 최대한으로 자금을 끌어와 송전선 건설에 투자하는 방안을 고려중임
[원문] The Far Eastern Federal District development and primarily its infrastructure and transportation problems have been discussed by the Cabinet in the course of the our-of-the-base meeting in Yakutsk. The ideas and feedback were heavily discussed in Russia.
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on Tuesday said the government would inject more than $8 billion into the state railway monopoly in a bid to increase freight traffic to far eastern seaports. Russian Railways will receive the money over five years starting this year in order to expand the capacity of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Baikal-Amur Railroad, Medvedev said. He labeled the funding "desirable" when announcing it at a government meeting dedicated to the development of the Far East, which took place in Yakutia. Mining companies have long complained that the traffic overload on eastern railways stymied their current business and investment plans by making exports a challenge. "We have to make sure that we will change the situation," Medvedev said about the congestion. The government's 260 billion rubles ($8.4 billion) will make up for the shortfall that Russian Railways said it was running for its Far East development plan. In a statement, the company had proposed to attract private investment to fill the gap. Russian Railways plans to put aside 302 billion rubles for the Far East from its own revenues over these coming five years, the statement said. Some of the goods that travel by rail to the country's Pacific ports are coal, logs, grain and metals. Russian Railways said the funding would help increase this port-bound traffic by 25 million metric tons a year. It didn't give a comparative number. In Yakutsk, Economic Development Minister Andrei Belousov said that eastern railways "currently" handle a total of 16 million tons of cargo. It remained unreported if Medvedev approved any of the other spending proposals that the government discussed in Yakutsk as part of the federal Far East development plan.
The second most expensive item on the plan is upgrading airports in the area, which could have a price tag of 101 billion rubles in federal money from now through 2017. Two bigger air hubs, in Ulan-Ude and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, require a complete overhaul, Belousov said. On top of that, 61 smaller airports need refurbishing. Improving roads and ports will cumulatively draw another 85 billion rubles from the federal budget over the same time span, Belousov said. All in all, the Far East development plan discussed Tuesday will require 526 billion rubles from federal coffers, Belousov said. Of that money, 47 billion rubles of budget funds have been allocated for this year, he said. Medvedev said the government could use the income from investing the National Wellbeing Fund, a portion of the oil revenue windfall, to bankroll Far East projects. The Pension Fund could also lend some of the money that is under the management of VEB, the state-run development bank, he said. In addition to Russian Railways, there are other state-controlled companies that will heavily invest in the Far East. RusHydro is poised to spend big-time on new power plants in the region, using the money it received from the government last year. The Federal Grid Company looks to set aside a large budget for building power lines there, possibly drawing funding from the VEB-run pension savings.
On another topic, Medvedev said he was speaking seriously last month when he floated the idea of setting up tax havens in Russia, amid reports that Russians would bear the brunt of a banking tax in Cyprus. "This subject didn't pop up for nothing," he said. "It's not just an emotional reaction." The government is working to identify the possible benefits and drawbacks of the idea, he said.
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