스크랩 킹제임스 성경과 뉴킹제임스 성경의 차이: 왕하 23:29- 요시야왕의 전사 원인

[하토브.]

2 Kings 23:29 KJV NKJV

킹제임스와 뉴킹제임스의 차이 : 왕하 23:29 – 요시야 왕 전사 원인

KJV

In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.

그의 날들에 파르오 느코, 이집트 왕이 앗시리아 왕을 대적하기 위하여 유프라테스 강으로 나가니, 요시야 왕이 그를 대응하려고 나가니라. 저가 그를 므깃도에서 죽이니, 저가 그를 보았을 때라.

NKJV

 29 In his days Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt went [q]to the aid of the king of Assyria, to the River Euphrates; and King Josiah went against him. And Pharaoh Necho killed him at Megiddo when he confronted him.

그의 날들에 파르오 느코, 이집트 왕이 앗시리아 왕을 돕기 위하여 유프라테스 강으로 나가니, 요시야 왕이 그를 대응하려고 나가니라. 파르오 느코가 그를 므깃도에서 죽이니 그가 저를 대항하였을 때라.

개역개정

29   요시야 당시에 애굽의 왕 바로 느고가 앗수르 왕을 치고자 하여 유브라데 강으로 올라가므로 요시야 왕이 맞서 나갔더니 애굽 왕이 요시야를 므깃도에서 만났을 때에 죽인지라

NIV

While Josiah was king, Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt went up to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. King Josiah marched out to meet him in battle, but Necho faced him and killed him at Megiddo.

요시야가 왕으로 있는 동안, 파르오 느코, 이집트 왕이 앗수르 왕을 도우려고 올라가니라. 요시야 왕이 진군하여 전투에서 그를 만났으나 느코가 그를 보고 므깃도에서 그를 죽이니라.

왕하 23:29 맛소라

23:29  בְּיָמָיו עָלָה פַרְעֹה נְכֹה מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם עַל־מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָת וַיֵּלֶךְ הַמֶּלֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיְמִיתֵהוּ בִּמְגִדּוֹ כִּרְאֹתוֹ אֹתוֹ

그의 날들에 파르오 느코, 이집트 왕이 앗시리아 왕을 대적하기 위하여 올라와 유프라테스 강으로 나가니, 요시야 왕이 그를 대응하려고 나가니라. 저가 므깃도에서 그를 보았을 때 그를 죽이니라.

뉴킹제임스와 NIV 는 이집트왕 파로 느코가 앗수르왕을 돕기 위해 유프라테스강으로 나갔다고 하고, 킹제임스 성경은 앗수르왕을 대적하기 위해 유프라테스강으로 올라갔다고 번역하였습니다. 많은 현대역들은 NIV 처럼 번역하고 있으나, 돕기 위해라는 말은 빼고, 그냥 올라갔다고 번역하고 있습니다.

반면에, 위클리프, 매튜 헨리, 제네바 성경, 다비 성경, YLT, 킹제임스 성경등은 앗수르 왕을 대적하기 위하여 이집트왕이 올라왔다고 말합니다.

어느 쪽이 맞을까요?

우선 이 사건은 기원전 609년에 일어난 사건임에 대하여 별 이견이 없는 것으로 파악됩니다. 그런데 이보다 3년전 612년에 앗수르는 메데와 스키타이와 바빌론에 의하여 멸망되었는데, 특히 메데의 씨아카세라 왕의 군대 역할이 컸으며, 앗수르왕은 전사하였고 그 동생 앗수르  우발릿이 패잔병을 이끌고 성을 탈출하여 하란으로 도망하였습니다. 하란은 티그리스강 상류에 위치한 변방 성이었는데, 그 성으로 바빌론 연합군은 진격하였고, 앗수르의 한 속국이었던 이집트는 앗수르의 패잔병을 돕는 한편, 하란을 자기네 영토로 확보하고자 출병하였던 것입니다. 앗수르는 잔인하고 참혹한 방법으로 사람들을 죽이기로 유명하여 앗수르군대가 쳐들어오면, 사람들이 자살하였으며, 요나는 앗수르에 전도하기를 거부하였던 것인데 631년 앗수르 바니팔 왕이 죽자 앗수르 내의 내란이 끊이지 않았고, 그 이전에 바빌론은 앗수르왕 에살하돈의 아들이며, 앗수르왕 앗수르-바니팔의 형( 이복형?)인 사마쉬 숨 우킨에 의해 건국되어졌습니다. 이후에 나보폴라살이 어떤 경유로 집권하였는지는 제가 잘 모르겠으나 나보폴라살은 우룩 출신으로 알려졌고 그 스스로는 사생아로 표현했습니다. 나보폴라살은 616년 앗수르 군대를 격파하고, 이후에 614년에 티크릿에서 앗수르 군대를 다시 격파하여 앗수르를 곧 패망에 이르게 하였는데 앗수르 수도 니네베는 2년후인 612년에 메데 군대에 의해 파괴되고 불태워졌습니다. 앗수르인들은 잔인하기로 유명하였고 그것이 내부적으로 지면, 잔인하게 죽는다는 두려움 때문에 극심한 내분 투쟁에 빠져 패망하였는데, 메데 또한 잔인하기로 유명했습니다.

612년 하란으로 도주한 앗수르 패잔병들은 609년 혹은 605년 바빌론 군대에 의해 완전 멸종되었습니다.

열왕기하 23:29절의 사건은 바로 609년에 이집트왕이 바빌론 군대를 대적하기 위하여 출병한 사건을 기록하였으므로, 많은 세속 사가들은 이 성경기록이 역사와 다르고, 성경에 오류가 있다고 생각하였고, NIV, NKJV 등의 현대역들은 틀린 성경의 오류를 바로잡기 위해 성경을 다르게 번역하였다는 것입니다.

그러나, 성경의 기자 ( 예레미야)는 앗수르 우발릿의 앗수르는 이미 패망하여 명맥을 유지하거나 다시 앗수르를 재건하는 것은 불가능했고, 바빌론은 앗수르의 일부로서 앗수르를 점령하였으며, 바빌론이 국명을 크게 높여서 바꾼 것도 아니고 앗수르를 계승한 것으로 보았으므로, 이집트가 앗수르를 대적하려고 앗수르 땅 하란으로 가고 있다고 기록한 것입니다. 그러므로 킹제임스 성경이나 원문 히브리어 맛소라가 옳은 것입니다.

요시야 왕이 파로 느코를 공격하지 않았더라도 몇년 후이면, 바빌론에 의해 멸망하였을 것이므로, 파로의 군대를 공격해서는 안되었습니다. 그럴때는 이집트와 앗수르가 서로 싸우도록 놓아두고, 나중에 가장 유리한 실리를 챙기면 되었습니다.

그러나 요시야는 이집트를 대적하였고 그리하여 전사하고 말았습니다.

여기서 요시야에게 경고했던 파로 느코가 하나님이 자기와 함께하신다며 그분의 경고라고 말하였던 사실은 주목할만 합니다. 이방인에게도 하나님이 경고를 주고, 인도하신 사실이며, 그것을 통해서 하나님의 백성인 이스라엘의 왕에게 경고하였다는 것입니다.

페르시아 왕 코레스( 싸이러스) 나 다리우스를 쓰신 하나님은 이방인들을 종종 사용하심을 알수 있게 해줍니다.

하나님이 함께하셨던 이집트왕에게 요시야가 싸우지 않고, 그냥 지나가게 했더라면, 파로의 군대는 보다 빨리 하란에 도착하여 앗수르 바빌론 군대와 더 잘 싸울수 있었고

바빌론은 이기지 못하였고, 나중에 586년에 이스라엘을 함락하지 못했을 수도 있습니다. 또 이스라엘은 요시야가 더욱 수십년 더 집권하여 강성했을 수도 있습니다.

역사에는 가정이 없을 뿐입니다.

역대하 35장에서는 이런 사정을 감안해서인지 앗수르왕을 대적하려고, 이집트왕이 출병하였다는 말 대신에 칼게미스를 치러 올라왔다고 표현하고 있습니다.

이것을 두고 성경 비평학자들은 예레미야가 쓴 열왕기를 역대하를 쓴 에즈라가 수정한 것이라고 비판하고 있습니다. 그러나 성경은 4복음이 약간씩 다른 표현들로 기술하고 있듯이 역사의 사실을 다른 각도에서 비추어서 전체를 보게하고 있을 뿐입니다.

성경에는 오류가 없으며 다만 인간들이 이해부족이 있을 뿐입니다.

KJV는 원문대로 번역했습니다만, NKJV 는 하나님의 오류를 시정하여 번역했다고 주장할 것입니다.

이 사건이 주는 교훈은 1) 잔인한 방법으로 집권 통치한 나라는 빨리 잔인하게 패망한다 2) 자기에게 속하지 않는 싸움에 끼어들 이유가 없다, 입니다.

다음은 관련된 성경 구절들과 윌 키니의 해설입니다.

2025. 2. 24 하토브

잠언 26장 17절

 מַחֲזִיק בְּאָזְנֵי־כָלֶב עֹבֵר מִתְעַבֵּר עַל־רִיב לֹּא־לוֹ׃

지나가다가 자기에게 속하지 않는 싸움에 참견하는 자는 개의 귀들에 힘쓰는 자이다.(귀들을 붙잡는 자이다)

2 Chronicles 35:20-25

20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates; and Josiah went out against him. 21 But he sent messengers to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, king of Judah? I have not come against you this day, but against the house with which I have war; for God commanded me to make haste. Refrain from meddling with God, who is with me, lest He destroy you.” 22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself so that he might fight with him, and did not heed the words of Necho from the mouth of God. So he came to fight in the Valley of Megiddo.

23 And the archers shot King Josiah; and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, for I am severely wounded.” 24 His servants therefore took him out of that chariot and put him in the second chariot that he had, and they brought him to Jerusalem. So he died, and was buried in one of the tombs of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.

역대하 35장 (개역개정)

20   이 모든 일 후 곧 요시야가 성전을 정돈하기를 마친 후에 애굽 왕 느고가 유브라데 강 가의 갈그미스를 치러 올라왔으므로 요시야가 나가서 방비하였더니
21   느고가 요시야에게 사신을 보내어 이르되 유다 왕이여 내가 그대와 무슨 관계가 있느냐 내가 오늘 그대를 치려는 것이 아니요 나와 더불어 싸우는 족속을 치려는 것이라 하나님이 나에게 명령하사 속히 하라 하셨은즉 하나님이 나와 함께 계시니 그대는 하나님을 거스르지 말라 그대를 멸하실까 하노라 하나
22   요시야가 몸을 돌이켜 떠나기를 싫어하고 오히려 변장하고 그와 싸우고자 하여 하나님의 입에서 나온 느고의 말을 듣지 아니하고 므깃도 골짜기에 이르러 싸울 때에
23   활 쏘는 자가 요시야 왕을 쏜지라 왕이 그의 신하들에게 이르되 내가 중상을 입었으니 나를 도와 나가게 하라
24   그 부하들이 그를 병거에서 내리게 하고 그의 버금 병거에 태워 예루살렘에 이른 후에 그가 죽으니 그의 조상들의 묘실에 장사되니라 온 유다와 예루살렘 사람들이 요시야를 슬퍼하고
25   예레미야는 그를 위하여 애가를 지었으며 모든 노래하는 남자들과 여자들은 요시야를 슬피 노래하니 이스라엘에 규례가 되어 오늘까지 이르렀으며 그 가사는 애가 중에 기록되었더라

nerpoodtsS60u08c8l,meag6am9eufart892h2c e15mf46319bD21f 717a  · 

2 Kings 23:29 - Did the King of Egypt go up “AGAINST the king of Assyria" or "TO THE AID OF the king of Assyria"?

2 Kings 23:29 KJB - "In his days Pharaoh-nechoh king of Egypt WENT UP AGAINST the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him."

NKJV - "In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt WENT TO THE AID OF the king of Assyria, to the River Euphrates; and King Josiah went against him, And PHARAOH NECHO (Footnote - literally 'he') killed him at Megiddo when he confronted him."

A Bible corrector who has NO inerrant Bible to believe in named Al Maxey has listed what he believes are errors in the King James Bible. He calls these “ARCHAEOLOGICAL INACCURACIES IN THE KJV” and he writes: "The translators of the KJV lived and worked about 400 years ago. This is a considerable length of time, especially considering the many important discoveries made since then. These discoveries have shed light on areas of the text that they simply did not understand at the time. Through their lack of knowledge they made many unintentional errors in the text.”

Mr. Maxey then goes on to say: “In II Kings 23:29 the KJV reads, "In his days Pharaoh Nechoh king of Egypt went up AGAINST the king of Assyria." This is not true!! Pharaoh Nechoh went to the AID OF the Assyrian king; they were ALLIES, not enemies, as ancient records from that time have clearly demonstrated. The KJV translators did not have that information available to them, and thus assumed their meeting to have been one of enmity. It was an historically false assumption!! How many other false assumptions did these translators make, one is led to wonder?!!!” [End of Al Maxey’s “deep thoughts”]

Mr. Maxey uses the NIV and it says: "WHILE JOSIAH WAS KING, Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the Euphrates River TO HELP the king of Assyria. King Josiah marched out to meet him in battle, but NECO (not in text) faced him and killed him at Megiddo."

No Hebrew text reads with the NIV’s "while Josiah was king". This is a paraphrase. Even the NASB, RSV, NRSV and ESV all say "in his days". And the NASB, RSV, NRSV and ESV all also say “Pharoah Neco went up TO the king of Assyria”, not that “he went TO THE AID OF” or “TO HELP the king of Assyria”.

But the NKJV joins the NIV and says: "In his days Pharoah Neco went TO THE AID OF the king of Assyria."

Other perverted versions are Dan Wallace and company's 2006 NET version (Big surprise - "During Josiah’s reign Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt marched toward the Euphrates River TO HELP the king of Assyria."

the New English Version 1970, the New Living Bible 2013, The New International Reader's Version 2014 - "WENT TO HELP the king" and the Holman Standard Version 2009 edition.

The Holman 2009 edition now reads: "During his reign, Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt MARCHED UP TO HELP the king of Assyria at the Euphrates River."

However the Holman Standard 2003 edition (I have a hard copy) said: "During his reign Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt MARCHED UP TO the king of Assyia at the Euphrates river."

There is no Hebrew text that says "to the aid of" or "to help". This is what the Eugene Nida influenced modern translators refer to as "dynamic equivalence". It is not what the TEXT says but how the modern translator THINKS the text SHOULD read.

Those versions that read along with the KJB that "in his days Pharoah Necho went up AGAINST the king of Assyria" are The Ancient Hebrew Bible 1907, the Jewish translations of 1917 (Jewish Publication Society), 1936 Hebrew Publishing Company, The Jewish Family Bible 1864, The New Jewish Version 1985, the 1998 Complete Jewish Bible - "During his time Pharaoh N’khoh king of Egypt WENT UP toward the Euphrates River TO ATTACK the king of Ashur.", The Sacred Scriptures Family of Yah version 2001- "In his days Pharaoh-necoh king of Egypt WENT UP AGAINST the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates", the 2004 Judaica Press Tanach - "In his days, Pharaoh-Neco went up AGAINST the king of Assyria by the Euphrates River, and King Josiah went toward him, and he killed him in Megiddo when he saw him.", and The Orthodox Jewish Bible of 2011 - "In his days Pharaoh Nekhoh Melech Mitzrayim WENT UP AGAINST Melech Ashur."

The Jewish Virtual Library Complete Tanach 1994 - "In his days went up Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt AGAINST the king of Assyria"

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/malachim-ii-kings-2...

And this online Hebrew Interlinear translation -

http://studybible.info/IHOT/2%20Kings%2023:29

"In his days went up Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt AGAINST the king of Assyria..."

The English Translation of the Greek Septuagint Bible also reads this way -

http://www.ecmarsh.com/lxx/

"And in his days went up Pharao Nechao king of Egypt AGAINST the king of the Assyrians to the river Euphrates"

As does the Modern Greek Bible - “Εν ταις ημεραις αυτου ανεβη ο Φαραω-νεχαω, βασιλευς της Αιγυπτου, κατα του βασιλεως της Ασσυριας επι τον ποταμον Ευφρατην. = “he went up AGAINST (κατα) the king”

Also reading "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria" are Wycliffe 1395, Miles Coverdale 1535 - " In his tyme wete Pharao Necho ye kynge of Egipte vp AGAYNST the kynge of Assyria", the Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Bishop's Bible 1568, the Geneva Bible 1587 - "In his dayes Pharaoh Nechoh King of Egypt went vp AGAINST the King of Asshur", Douay-Rheims 1610 - "went up AGAINST the king", The Thompson Translation 1808, Brenton Translation 1851, Lesser Bible 1853, the Revised Version 1885, Young's literal 1898, The American Standard Version 1901 - "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria", Darby 1890, Rotherham's Emphasized bible 1902, Douay Version 1950, World English Bible 2000, Bible in Basic English 1961 "sent his armies AGAINST the king of Assyria", The New Berkeley Version in Modern English 1969, Amplified Bible 1987 - "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria", New Simplified Bible, The Koster Scriptures 1998, The Apostolic Polyglot Bible 2003, A Conservative Version 2005 - "went up AGAINST the king", Complete Apostle's Bible 2005, The Hebrew Transliteration Scripture 2010, The New Heart English Bible 2010, The New European Version 2010, The Jubilee Bible 2010, the 2011 Common English Bible (a critical text version) - "In his days, the Egyptian king Pharaoh Neco marched AGAINST the Assyrian king at the Euphrates River.", The New Brenton Translation 2012, The Concordant Version 2012, the Lexham English Bible 2012 - "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria", The Biblos Bible 2013, the Hebrew Names Version 2014, The Modern English Version 2014 and The Tree of Life Version 2015 - "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria".

Foreign Language Bibles

Among foreign language Bibles that also say "went up AGAINST the king of Assyria" are Luther's German Bible 1545 and the German Schlachter Bible 2000 - “der König von Ägypten, herauf gegen den König von Assyrien” = “went up AGAINST the king”, the Spanish Reina Valera 1909-1977, R.V. Contemporánea 2011 - "se dirigió al río Éufrates PARA LUCHAR CONTRA el rey de Asiria" = "went up TO FIGHT AGAINST the king of Assyria", the 1997 La Biblia de las Américas, and the 2010 Reina Valera Gómez Bible - "En aquellos días Faraón Nechâo rey de Egipto subió CONTRA el rey de Asiria al río Eufrates", the French Martin 1744, Louis Segond 1910, French Ostervald 1996, and the French La Bible du Semeur 1997 - "De son temps, Pharaon Néco, roi d'Égypte, monta CONTRE le roi d'Assyrie", the Italian Diodati 1649 and the New Diodati 1991 - "Durante il suo regno, il Faraone Neko, re d'Egitto, salí CONTRO il re di Assiria sul fiume Eufrate.", the Portuguese Almeida - "rei do Egito, CONTRA o rei da Assíria".

As we shall see, Mr. Maxey and these other perverted versions confuse the previous king of Assyria with the king of Babylon, who was referred to as the king of Assyria after he conquered it.

John Wesley notes: "The king- The king of Babylon, who having formerly rebelled against the Assyrian had now conquered him; as appears by the course of the sacred, and the concurrence of the profane history; and therefore is here and elsewhere called the Assyrian, and the king of Assyria, because now he was the head of that empire."

John Gill - "In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up AGAINST the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates; to Carchemish, a city situated upon it; see 2 Chronicles 35:20, the king he went against was the king of Babylon, who had conquered the Assyrian monarchy, and therefore called king of it."

E.W. Bullinger Companian Bible Notes - “went AGAINST him, the king of Assyria i.e. the king of Babylon, who had just conquered Nineveh, the rival capital.”

Matthew Henry - "The king of Egypt waged war, it seems, with the king of Assyria: so the king of Babylon is now called. Josiah's kingdom lay between them. He therefore thought himself concerned to oppose the king of Egypt, and check the growing, threatening, greatness of his power; for though, at this time, he protested that he had no design against Josiah, yet, if he should prevail to unite the river of Egypt and the river Euphrates, the land of Judah would soon be overflowed between them. Therefore Josiah went against him, and was killed in the first engagement."

Coffman’s Commentaries on the Bible - “Pharaoh-necoh went up against the king of Assyria" (2 Kings 23:29). "That king of Assyria was Nabopolassar the father of Nebuchadnezzar. His proper title was `King of Babylon'"; a fact that became crystal clear following the battle of Charchemish (605 B.C.).”

The Pulpit Commentary - “The "King of Assyria," against whom Pharaoh-Nechoh "went up," was probably Nabopolassar, the father of Nebuchadnezzar. His proper rifle was "King of Babylon," which is what Nebuchadnezzar always calls him; but the Jews not unnaturally regarded him as the inheritor of the Assyrian empire, as indeed they regarded the Persian monarchs also (Ezra 6:22), and therefore gave him the title of "King of Assyria."

Dummelow’s Commentary - “The king of Assyria i.e. the king of Babylon. Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, fell in 607 before the united forces of the Median Cyaxares and the Babylonian Nabopolassar; and it was to dispute the spoils of the fallen empire with Nabopolassar that Nechoh advanced northward through Palestine. The king of Babylon is here called by the name of Assyria, the country he had conquered. Josiah WENT AGAINST HIM - Josiah's motives can only be conjectured, but it is probable that in the downfall of Assyria's power he hoped to extend his authority over what had once been the northern kingdom, and feared that his designs would be foiled by the Egyptian advance."

The Popular Commentary by Paul E. Kretzmann- “In his days Pharaoh-nechoh, king of Egypt, WENT UP AGAINST the king of Assyria, to the river Euphrates, this being probably Nabopolassar, who was ruler of both Babylon and Assyria. And King Josiah WENT AGAINST HIM, to prevent him from marching through his country”

Whedon’s Commentary - “Went up against the king of Assyria — According to Josephus, this expedition of Necho was “to fight with the Medes and Babylonians, who had overthrown the dominions of the Assyrians.” In that case the king of Assyria here would mean the Babylonian conqueror, Nabopolassar, who had so recently become ruler of Assyria"

As you should be able to see, Mr. Maxey and his NIV, and the NKJV along with Dan Wallace's NET and the 2009 edition of the Holman Standard are wrong and it is the King James Bible that is right, as always.

"He that hath ears to hear, let him hear." Luke 8:8