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톺 돞 롶 높 발음변화
noble 고상한
조지아어
하늘
tsa 차
틉 탑 찹 차/삽-->사
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʒǝ̆wɨ̆́
Meaning: sky, sun
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Borean (approx.) : CVWV
Meaning : sun
Eurasiatic : *si̯aχu (-ɣ-)
Sino-Caucasian : *ʒǝ̆wɨ̆
Austric : PAN *qajaw 'day', *zawa 'daybreak, dawn'
North Caucasian: *ʒǝ̆wɨ̆
Proto-North Caucasian: *ʒǝ̆wɨ̆
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sky
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *zibu
Protoform: *zibu
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 sky 2 day
Avar: zob 1
Chadakolob: žob 1
Andian language: zubu 2
Akhvakh: žō 2
Tindi: zebu 2
Karata: zebu 2
Botlikh: ziwu 2
Bagvalal: zeb 2
Godoberi: zibu 2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (zo-dí-l, zóba-l; but Chad. A: gen. žóbi-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. žobo, Kar. Tok. zobi (with vowel metathesis). Tind. > Inkh. zebu 'day'.
Proto-Lak: s:aw
Lak root: s:aw
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sky
Lak form: s:aw
Comments: 4th class. Cf. Khosr. s:aw id. There exists also an archaic form s:uru 'sky' reflecting the old plural (cf. PD *c:ub-ri).
Proto-Dargwa: *c:ab
Proto-Dargwa: *c:ab
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 sky 2 rain
Akusha: zab 2
Chiragh: c:ab 1
Comments: PD *c:ab 'sky; rain' (cf. also Kub. c:ab 'sky', Ur. ʒav 'rain' etc.). The plural form *c:ub-ri is used generally with the meaning 'heaven' (Ak. zub-ri, Ur. ʒuv-ri etc.). There exists also a derivate *c:ubar(i) meaning 'star': Ak. zubar, Mek. zubari etc. (this is probably also a former plural building).
Proto-Lezghian: *c:aw
Proto-Lezghian: *c:aw
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sky
Lezghian: c:av
Tabasaran: zav
Agul: zav
Kryz: zav
Budukh: zǝv
Comment: Obl. stem *c:awɨ-, cf. Lezg. c:avu-, Tab. zavu-, Ag. zavu-. Cf. also Tab. Düb. ʒav, Kryz. Al. ʒov. 4th class on Kryz. and Bud.
See Trubetzkoy 1930, 83; Лексика 1971, 190; Гигинейшвили 1977, 84; Талибов 1980, 293.
Proto-Khinalug: c:ʷa
Khinalug root: c:ʷa
North Caucasian etymology: 134
Meaning: sky
Khinalug form: c:ʷa
Proto-West Caucasian: *zʷV
Proto-West-Caucasian: *zʷV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 sky 2 star
Abkhaz: á-ž̌-ʕʷan 1
Abaza: žʷ-ʕʷand 1
Adyghe: žā-ʁʷa 2
Kabardian: vā-ʁʷa 2
Ubykh: zʷa 1
Comments: PAT *zʷǝ-ʕʷa-nǝ (the final -d in Abaz. is secondary). -nǝ here is a common nominal suffix, and *zʷǝ-ʕʷa corresponds exactly to PAK *zʷa-ʁʷá. Ub. def. á-zʷa.
The meaning 'star' of PAK *zʷa-ʁʷá is obviously secondary (it was acquired after the original 'star' morpheme, *-cʷa, shifted to 'sky' in the compound *wa-cʷa - see *c̣ʷA; the two roots have thus "changed places" in PAK). Abdokov (1983, 93) compares the AT and AK forms with PAK *ž́ǝ 'wind, air', which is improbable for phonetic reasons (see PWC *ɣ́ǝ).
Notes: One of the most stable and widely spread roots in NC. Correspondences are regular (labialisation in PWC reflects the original *-w-).
See Trubetzkoy 1930, 276, Abdokov 1983, 93.
Burushaski: *sa
Common Burushaski: *sa
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: 1 sun 2 day 3 month
Yasin: sa 1, 2, -sa 3
Hunza: sa, pl. sámuc̣ 1, 2, -sa(n), -samo 3
Nagar: sa, pl. sámuc̣ 1, 2, -sa(n), -samo 3