2025년 18척의 군함을 취역시킨 중국해군

[위종민]

003형 항모 푸젠함, 075급 LPD 후베이함, 052D형 구축함 7척, 054AG형 호위함 2척, 054B형 호위함 2척, 093B형 SSN 2척, 039C형 SS 3척 외에 927형 잠수함 구조함 2척, 920형 병원선 1척 등 지원함 3척도 취역했네요. 

중국의 군함 건조 속도는 약해질 기미가 없다
데이비드 올리버 | 2026년 1월 12일

이것은 중국의 첫 번째 076형 상륙강습함인 쓰촨으로, 지난해 진수되었지만 취역되지는 않았다. (chinamil.com)
중국에서는 인민해방군 해군(PLAN)이 지난해 18척이 넘는 신형 군함을 취역시켰다.

가장 큰 신규 전력은 항공모함 ‘003’로, 2025년 11월 5일 하이난섬의 싼야 해군기지에서 시진핑 주석이 참석한 가운데 열린 مراسم에서 취역했다.

푸젠함의 선체 길이는 300m가 넘으며, 배수량은 약 8만 톤으로 추정된다. 이 함정은 전자기식 항공기 발진 시스템을 탑재한 중국 최초의 항공모함이다.

앞서 이 항공모함은 PLAN의 캐터펄트 이륙·어레스팅 착함 방식의 선양 J-15T 전투기, 함재형 선양 J-35 스텔스 전투기, 그리고 신형 쌍발 터보프롭 시안 KJ-600 장거리 공중조기경보기를 이용한 일련의 이함과 어레스팅 착함을 수행했다.

더 나아가, 중국에서는 더 큰 또 다른 항공모함이 건조 중인 것으로 믿어지며, 분석가들은 004형이 핵추진이 될 것이라고 예측하고 있다.

불과 몇 주 뒤, 중국의 첫 신세대 076형 상륙강습함 쓰촨이 해상시험을 시작했다. 길이 252m, 4만5,000톤급의 이 함정은 세계에서 가장 큰 상륙강습함 중 하나다. 선미에는 호버크래프트나 상륙차량을 위한 접근 구조를 갖추고 있으며, 비행갑판에는 항공기를 아래 격납고로 이동시키기 위한 측면 장착식 엘리베이터 2기가 있다.

PLAN의 최신 다카이급 잠수함 구조함이 여기에서 보인다. (일본 인터넷)
PLAN은 또한 2025년 8월 1일 075형 상륙헬기독(Hubei ‘34’)을 취역시켰다. PLAN은 현재 3만5,000톤급 075형 4척을 운용 중이다.

중국 해군 조선에서 수상 전투함도 핵심이었다. 2025년에는 052D형 구축함 7척(‘125’~‘128’, ‘158’, ‘166’, ‘176’)이 PLAN에 취역했고, 054AG형 호위함 2척(선체 ‘535’와 ‘543’)도 함께 취역했다.

또한 054B형 호위함 1번함 뤄허(‘545’)는 2025년 1월 22일, PLAN 북부함대가 주둔하는 중국 북부의 항구도시 칭다오에서 취역했다. 그로부터 몇 달 뒤에는 또 한 척인 친저우(‘555’)가 뒤를 이었다. 055형 구축함 2차 물량 6척의 건조는 장난과 다롄에서 계속되고 있지만, 2025년에는 어느 것도 취역하지 않았다.

중국은 또한 잠수함 전력을 적극적으로 확대하고 있으며, 094형을 대체하기 위한 096형 탄도미사일 잠수함과 같은 신형 함급 개발도 포함된다.

신형 093B형 핵추진 공격잠수함이 2025년 4월 PLAN에 취역했다. (중국 인터넷)
2025년 4월, PLAN의 수중 능력을 크게 진전시키는 093B형 핵추진 공격잠수함이 후루다오 조선소에서 취역했다.

정확한 잠수함 생산 수량을 파악하기는 어렵지만, 지난해 093B형 2척이 취역한 것으로 믿어진다. 093B형의 수직발사체계는 지상공격 및 대함용을 포함한 다양한 순항미사일을 발사할 수 있으며, 재래식 해군 방어를 우회할 수 있는 장거리 타격용으로 설계된 첨단 YJ-21 극초음속 미사일도 포함된다.

또한 2025년에는 공기불요추진(AIP)을 탑재한 039C형 디젤-전기 잠수함이 아마도 3척가량 PLAN에 취역한 것으로 추정된다.

동시에 2025년에는 잠수함 구조함들이 연이어 취역했는데, 927형 시우아와 북부전구사령부 해군 소속으로 취역한 다카이급 2척이 포함된다.

2025년에는 PLAN의 920형 병원선 ‘실크로드 아크’가 중국 동부 푸젠성 취안저우를 처음으로 떠났다. 이는 중국이 자체 설계·건조한 두 번째 1만 톤급 원양 병원선이다.

PLAN의 확장은 2026년 이후에도 계속될 것으로 예상되며, 해군 건조 속도가 약해질 조짐은 보이지 않는다.

데이비드 올리버

China’s rate of warship construction shows no sign of waning - Asian Military Review

China’s rate of warship construction shows no sign of waning - Asian Military Review

China’s rate of warship construction shows no sign of waning

By

 David Oliver

 -

January 12, 2026

This is China’s first Type 076 amphibious assault ship, the Sichuan, which was launched but not commissioned last year. (chinamil.com)

In China the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) commissioned more than 18 new warships last year.

The largest entrant was the aircraft carrier ‘003’ that was commissioned on 5 November 2025 at Sanya Naval Base on Hainan Island in a ceremony attended by Chairman Xi Jinping.

The Fujian’s hull is more than 300m long and its displacement is estimated at some 80,000 tonnes. It is the first Chinese aircraft carrier equipped with an electromagnetic aircraft launch system.

Earlier, the carrier had conducted a series of launches and arrested landings of the PLAN’s catapult take-off but arrested recovery Shenyang J-15T fighter, the carrier-borne version of the Shenyang J-35 stealth fighter, and the new twin turboprop Xian KJ-600 long-range airborne early warning aircraft.

Furthermore, another even larger aircraft carrier is believed to be under construction in China, with analysts predicting the Type 004 will be nuclear powered.

Only weeks later, China’s first new-generation Type 076 amphibious assault ship, Sichuan, began sea trials. The 252m-long, 45,000-tonne vessel is one of the largest amphibious assault ships in the world. It features stern access for hovercraft or amphibious vehicles, while the flight deck has two side-mounted elevators for moving aircraft to the hangar below.

The PLAN’s latest Dakai-class submarine rescue ship is seen here. (Japanese internet)

The PLAN also commissioned Hubei (‘34’), a Type 075 landing helicopter dock, on 1 August 2025. The PLAN now has four of these 35,000-tonne Type 075s in service.

Surface combatants were also a focus for Chinese naval shipbuilding. Seven Type 052D destroyers entered PLAN service in 2025 (‘125’-‘128’, 158’, ‘166’ and ‘176’) along with two Type 054AG frigates (hulls ‘535’ and ‘543’).

As well, the first Type 054B frigate, Luohe (‘545’), was commissioned in Qingdao, a port city in northern China where the PLAN’s northern fleet is based, on 22 January 2025. It was followed a few months later by another, Qinzhou (‘555’). Construction of a second batch of six Type 055 destroyers continues at Jiangnan and Dalian, though none entered service in 2025.

China is actively expanding its submarine fleet too, including the development of new classes such as the Type 096 ballistic missile submarine to succeed the Type 094.

A new Type 093B nuclear-powered attack submarine was commissioned into the PLAN in April 2025. (Chinese internet)

In April 2025, a Type 093B nuclear-powered attack submarine – which marks a major advance in the PLAN’s underwater capabilities – was commissioned at the Huludao Shipyard.

It is difficult to ascertain accurate submarine production numbers, but two Type 093Bs are believed to have been commissioned last year. The Type 093B’s vertical launch system is capable of launching an array of cruise missiles, both land-attack and anti-ship, including the advanced YJ-21 hypersonic missile designed for long-range strikes that could bypass conventional naval defences.

As well, it is estimated that possibly three Type 039C diesel-electric submarines fitted with air-independent propulsion entered PLAN service in 2025.

At the same time, a series of submarine rescue ships were commissioned in 2025, including the Type 927 Xiua and two Dakai-class vessels that were commissioned as part of the Northern Theatre Command Navy.

In 2025 the PLAN’s Type 920 hospital ship, Silk Road Ark, left Quanzhou in East China’s Fujian Province for the first time. It is China’s second domestically designed and constructed 10,000-tonne-class ocean-going hospital ship.

The PLAN’s expansion is expected to continue in 2026 and beyond, with no diminishment in the pace of naval construction foreseeable.

by David Oliver

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이 배들 탈 사람들은 쉽게 구하려나요???

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저도 같은 생각을 했습니다. 아무리 인구가 많다지만, 숙련된 수병을 키우는 것도 일일텐데,. 과연 필요한 병력수를 채우고 유지할 수 있을지 모르겠습니다.

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가장 직접적으로는 배출되는 NCO, CO의 숫자 증가 추세, 간접적으론 함정의 가동률을 알면 추정할 수 있을 텐데 공개정보로는 힘들 것 같고, 숙련도 상승을 위한 연합, 합동 훈련을 얼마나 자주, 잘 실시하는 지가 중요할 것 같습니다. 당장 1월 초 동계에 대만 근해에서 대규모 훈련을 실시하고, 작년엔 항모전단들이 대만 동쪽에서 긴 기간동안 훈련하긴 했네요.

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구형 고속정들같은 전력가치 낮은 함정들 퇴역시키고 큰 배에 태워서 일시적인 인력 갭을 채울 수도 있을 것 같긴 하네요.