#시제(Tense)#
현대언어학개념소개 : 동사의 어형변화만으로 근거를 삼는 Tence에선 과거와 현재만 있을 뿐 미래라는 개념은 없다. 따라서 조동사 will,shall 진행형, be going to 때로는 현재시제로 미래를 나타내는 '미래의 표현'이있을 뿐이다. 여기에 시상(Aspect)개념으로 완료형과 진행형이 있다.
시제: 동사의 어형변화를 근거로 한 문법개념
진행형불가: 상태감각생각소유 동사
상태:be, resemble, know
소유: belong to , possess, house, have, include
감각,지각: sound, look, see, smell
생각: think, imagine, guess
*상태동사의 진행상
1)She is looking at the picture
2)She is being polite. 공손하게 행동하는 중
3)She is resembling her mother gradually
He will have completed the task by 5 o'clock.
so far 이제까지
just는 완료시제와, just now(=a few moments ago)는 과거시제와 쓰인다.
She will be here by 2 o'clock(오고있음)
She will be here until 2 o'clock(지금있음)
The parcel was arriving today.
현제시제
진리, 습관(흔히 빈도부사와 함께). 현재사실, 시간조건부사절, 미래의 예정(흔히 왕래발착동사와가 미래부사와 함께),관습, 풍습(예절), 개인기호, 사실, 격언, 본능, 출신지(학교, 지역)
Storks have no vocal cords, but communicate by clacking their bills.
A section of the exhibition will be devoted to the 17th century study of the Romanesque, which includes works by theodore.
call on 사람, call at 장소 :들르다
He never forgets to call on me on his way back from school all the time.
all the time= all the while
what have you been doing all this while (완료진행)
where have you been all this while (완료)
Tom is studying right now
Since 는 전치사, 접속사로 모두 쓰임
Europe lies to the north of Africa.
She is always gambling 고도리만 친다
just는 보통 현완과 just now는 보통 과거와 쓰임
prominent 현저한,두드러진
She has cut her fingers on the broken glass 아직 상처를 가지고 있음
Mr. Durr stopped for a haircut on his way from work.
Korea is not what it was before the war.
Last year the already dwindling tribe finally decided to leave its ancestral land and to look for a new place to live.
It seemed exciting
I am exciting
The boy is enthusiastic about learning to read (사람주어만 가능)
Enthusiastic game (X)
Scarcely had she stepped out of the room when she was arrested by a policeman.
I had often heard about her before I first met her.
I had wanted to learn French = I wanted to have learned French.
(No sooner, Hardly, Scarcely) + had S p.p (than,before, when) S+ 과거V
No sooner had they seen the police come than they ran away
Her husband had been killed many years before.
I thought you had forgotten to bring it to me.
시간조건부사절 미래시제 대용 - when, before, so long as, by the time, until,till,as soon as, if, unless, in case, Provided (not)
미래일어날일이 확고부동사실처럼 간주되거나 예정,계획의 변동이 없는 것일때 현재는 미래나타냄
I will not start when she has arrived by 5'oclock.
I don't know the exact time when she will arrive.
be (왕래발착)ing 만으로 미래의미.
'It will not be long before' LionKing plays a crucial role in the international society.
First comes spring then summer.
I like my calling and then it pays well (lucrative).
By the time he retires, professor Parlmer will have been teaching here for over thirty five years, but his classes are never dull.
발음기호 a phonetic sign(symbol); diacritical marks
the art of rhetoric 웅변술
진행형불가동사:지각, 인식, 상태, 소유동사
현제완료진행:all this while, all this time(지금까지 내내)
right now, gradually, more and more 등은 진행의미
Exams are drawing near.
I was standing quietly when presently a young woman, who had been combing her hair, approaching and told me that she had been keeping her eyes on me (부럽군)
Most of the fault lies with the administration.
(responsible,blame,decision,choice,fault) + lie
with Sb
for some time 한동안
archaeological sites 고고학적 유적지
so far 여지껏 (현재완료와 함께)
So far as man was concerned, 인간에 관한한
contentedly 만족스럽게
inquired what had happened.
that day 과거 this day 현재
in my school days 학창시절에
Should you analyze the matter with care, you will be able to find a means of solution.
preside over ~을 주관,주재하다
Because of the effects of tidal friction , the earth's rotation, which forms the basis for time units, is gradually slowing down
He confessed that for months he was scarcely able to look at the lawyer without becoming angry