Science often progresses through unexpected turns rather than rigid plans. It was in 1928 that Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in his cluttered laboratory. If he had cleaned all his petri dishes before leaving for vacation, he would not have noticed the mysterious mold suppressing bacterial growth. It was this miraculous mold that transformed the field of modern medicine forever. However, discovery alone was not enough. If Howard Florey and Ernst Chain had not purified the penicillin compound years later, doctors could not have used it as an effective drug. It was during World War II that mass production of this antibiotic saved millions of lives on the battlefield. Ultimately, if humanity had not unlocked the power of antibiotics, modern surgery and infection control would have remained extremely dangerous. It is through keen observation of unexpected accidents that scientists continue to uncover nature's deepest secrets.