nerve의 어원자료를 통한 분석,tension의 어원

[나비우스]

nerve 신경

1. 신경   2. 긴장, 불안   3. (어려움・위험에 맞서는) 용기, 대담성

프랑스어 

nervé [nεʀve]

[형용사] 잎맥이 있는

nerve (n.)

late 14c., nerf "sinew, tendon," from Old French nerf and directly 

from Medieval Latin nervus "nerve," from Latin nervus "sinew, tendon;

 cord, bowstring," metathesis of pre-Latin *neuros, from 

PIE *(s)neu- "tendon, sinew" (source also of Sanskrit snavan- "band, sinew,"

 Armenian neard "sinew," Greek neuron "sinew, tendon," in Galen "nerve").

 Sense of "fibers that convey impulses between the brain and the body" is from c. 1600.

Secondary senses developed from meaning "strength, vigor, energy" 

(c. 1600), from the "sinew" sense. Hence figurative sense of "feeling, courage,"

 first attested c. 1600; that of "courage, boldness" is from 1809; bad sense 

"impudence, cheek" is from 1887. Latin nervus also had a figurative sense of

 "vigor, force, power, strength," as did Greek neuron. 

From the neurological sense come Nerves "condition of nervousness,"

 attested from 1792; to get on someone's nerves, from 1895. War of 

nerves "psychological warfare" is from 1915.

영어사전

tension 

1. (사람들 사이의) 긴장 상태   2. (필요・이해의 차이로 인한) 긴장   3. (심리적인) 긴장

프랑스어사전

tension [tɑ̃sjɔ̃] 

[여성명사] 1. (줄 따위의) 팽팽함 2. (근육·용수철 따위의) 수축,압축 = contraction,raideur

장력 [tension, 張力] 

줄에 걸리는 힘의 크기를 줄의 장력이라고 한다. 물체에 연결된 줄을 팽팽하게 잡아당기면 줄은 물체에서 멀어지려는 방향으로 줄을 따라 물체를 잡아당긴다. 이때 줄이 팽팽히 당겨진 긴장상태.

긴장 [tension, 緊張] 

감정, 감각, 행동의 원인이 되는 심적 힘을 표현하는 심리학적 개념. 

ten-은 

떨다 떨림 떤 

떨렸음 

땅기다 당기다 댕기다 의 어근 댕- 당-

tension (n.)

1530s, "a stretched condition," from Middle French tension (16c.) or 

directly from Latin tensionem (nominative tensio) "a stretching" 

(in Medieval Latin "a struggle, contest"), noun of state from tensus,

 past participle of tendere "to stretch," from 

PIE root *ten- "to stretch." The sense of "nervous strain" is first

 recorded 1763. The meaning "stress along lines of electromotive force" 

(as in high-tension wires) is recorded from 1785.

*ten-

Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to stretch," with derivatives meaning "something stretched, a string; thin."

It forms all or part of: abstain; abstention; abstinence; abstinent; atelectasis; attend; attenuate; attenuation; baritone; catatonia; catatonic; contain; contend; continue; detain; detente; detention; diatonic; distend; entertain; extend; extenuate; hypotenuse; hypotonia; intend; intone (v.1) "to sing, chant;" isotonic; lieutenant; locum-tenens; maintain; monotony; neoteny; obtain; ostensible; peritoneum; pertain; pertinacious; portend; pretend; rein; retain; retinue; sitar; subtend; sustain; tantra; telangiectasia; temple (n.1) "building for worship;" temple (n.2) "flattened area on either side of the forehead;" temporal; tenable; tenacious; tenacity; tenant; tend (v.1) "to incline, to move in a certain direction;" tendency; tender (adj.) "soft, easily injured;" tender (v.) "to offer formally;" tendon; tendril; tenement; tenesmus; tenet; tennis; tenon; tenor; tense (adj.) "stretched tight;" tensile; tension; tensor; tent (n.) "portable shelter;" tenterhooks; tenuous; tenure; tetanus; thin; tone; tonic.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit tantram "loom," tanoti "stretches, lasts," tanuh "thin," literally "stretched out;" Persian tar "string;" Lithuanian tankus "compact," i.e. "tightened;" Greek teinein "to stretch," tasis "a stretching, tension," tenos "sinew," tetanos "stiff, rigid," tonos "string," hence "sound, pitch;" Latin tenere "to hold, grasp, keep, have possession, maintain," tendere "to stretch," tenuis "thin, rare, fine;" Old Church Slavonic tento "cord;" Old English þynne "thin."

지라 [spleen] 

가장 큰 림프기관으로서 혈액 속의 혈구 세포를 만들거나 제거하는 데 관여.

비장 [spleen, 脾臟] 

왼쪽 신장과 횡격막 사이에 있는 장기로, 혈액 속의 세균을 죽이고, 늙어서 

기운이 없는 적혈구를 파괴한다. '지라'라고도 한다.   

영어사전

spleen 

1. 지라, 비장   2. 화, 분노

프랑스어사전

spleen [splin] 

[문어] (이유없는) 우울,권태,염세적 기분

국어사전

지랄병 (--病) [지랄뼝] 

1. ‘간질4’(癎疾)을 속되게 이르는 말. 

2. ‘정신병’을 속되게 이르는 말.

영어사전

지랄병 (지랄病)

(의학) an epileptic fit, (an attack of) epilepsy, a fit (of hysteria)

국어사전

지랄하다 

[동사] (속되게) 마구 법석을 떨며 분별없이 행동하다.

nerve 신경 

화내는 것과도 관련이 있다.

(화)내어삐 

niri nira jir 지르 nar nara  등 다양한 발음으로 여러민족이 써왔다.

Meaning : "vein" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *naramb-

Meaning : nerve, vein

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Eurasiatic: *nVrV-

Meaning: sinew, cartilage

Altaic: *nìra

 

Proto-Altaic: *nĭ̀ra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: spine

Russian meaning: позвоночник

Turkic: *jɨr

 

Proto-Turkic: *jɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: left, North

Russian meaning: левый, Север

Old Turkic: jɨr-ɣaru (Orkh.), ir-, jir- (OUygh.)

Comments: VEWT 201, EDT 954, 959, 973.

Mongolian: *niruɣu

 

Proto-Mongolian: *niruɣu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spine, vertebra, marrow

Russian meaning: позвоночник, позвонки, костный мозг

Written Mongolian: niruɣu(n) (L 585)

Middle Mongolian: niru'u(n), niri'un (SH), nirisun 'spine' (HY 47), nīrɣon (IM), nīrɣūn (Lig.VMI), nirun (MA)

Khalkha: nurū

Buriat: ńurga(n), ńurū

Kalmuck: nurɣǝn

Ordos: nurū 'back, spine'

Dongxian: nurun

Dagur: nirō (Тод. Даг. 158)

Shary-Yoghur: nurūn

Monguor: nuru (SM 291), nurǝ

Comments: KW 281, MGCD 519, TMN 1, 530.

Tungus-Manchu: *niri-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *niri-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spine, spine vertebra

Russian meaning: позвоночник, хребет, позвонки

Evenki: niri

Even: ńịrị

Negidal: nịjịkta

Ulcha: ńịrịqta

Orok: ńịrịkta

Nanai: ńịrịqta

Oroch: ńīkta

Udighe: ńīkta

Solon: nērde

Comments: ТМС 1, 639-640.

Japanese: *nà(n)tùki

 

Proto-Japanese: *nà(n)tùki

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: brain, marrow

Russian meaning: мозг, костный мозг

Old Japanese: nadukji

Middle Japanese: nàdùki

Comments: JLTT 494.

Comments: EAS 76-77, KW 281, Poppe 39, 116, Колесникова 1972а, 88-89, Дыбо 306. Despite Doerfer MT 114, evidently not a loan in TM from Mong. The comparison with Turkic is possible if we suppose a usual semantic development 'North' < 'back'.

Uralic: *ńe̮rkV (*ńōrkV)

 

Number: 630

Proto: *ńe̮rkV (*ńōrkV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: cartilage

German meaning: Knorpel

Saam (Lapp): mjuorges -r'ga (N) 'gristle', njuorakis (L) 'Knorpel'

Mari (Cheremis): nörɣǝ (KB), nörɣö (U B)

Khanty (Ostyak): ńarǝk (Vj.), ńorǝ (DN), ńar (O) 'Knorpel; Jahreszuwachs an den Astenden des Baumes' ( > Mansi So. ńɔ̄r 'Knorpel')

Mansi (Vogul): ńērkē̮ (TJ), ńē̮rǝj (M), ńērǝɣ (P), ńārǝɣ (So.) 'Knorpel'

Hungarian: nyír, nyíl (dial.) 'Fleisch unter dem Pferdenhuf; Hufgabel' ?

Nenets (Yurak): ńerʔ (O) 'Knorpel'

Enets (Yen): nyʔ (nyr-)

Nganasan (Tawgi): nir

Selkup: ńē̮r (TaU)

Sammalahti's version: FU *n'i6rki6

Dravidian: *nara-mb-

Eskimo-Aleut: *ńiʁ(u)-lu

References: ND 1623 *ńaX(i)rU(-KE) 'cartilage' ( + Sem.?).

Proto-South Dravidian: *naramb-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *naramb-

Meaning : nerve, vein

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : narampu

Tamil meaning : nerve, tendon, sinew, blood-vessel

Malayalam : ñarampu, narampu

Malayalam meaning : sinew, tendon, nerve, pulse

Malayalam derivates : (Tiyya) ñeravu vein

Kannada : nara, naravu

Kannada meaning : sinew, tendon, nerve, vein, artery

Tulu : nara

Tulu meaning : vein, nerve, tendon

Tulu derivates : narambu sinew, nerve, tendon

Proto-Nilgiri : *narǝb

Number in DED : 2903

Proto-Telugu : *naram-

 

Proto-Telugu : *naram-

Meaning : vein, artery, nerve, tendon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : naramu

Number in DED : 2903

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *naram

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *naram

Meaning : vein

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kinwat Kolami : naram

Parji : nerub (pl. nerbul)

Poya Gadba : narub (pl. narbul)

Number in DED : 2903

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *naram

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *naram

Meaning : vein, nerve

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *nar-[am]

Konda : naram

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *narmb-u

Notes : Bisyllabic root.

Proto-North Dravidian : *nā̆r- (?)

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *nā̆r-

Meaning : pulse; veins

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : narī "pulse"

Malto : nāru "the veins"

Number in DED : 2903

Notes : NDR possibly borrowings from IA.