|
Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine. Depending on the urine collection, different bacteria concentrations exist to distinguish significant bacteriuria from contamination or insignificant bacteriuria.
The acute urethral syndrome is defined by dysuria and urinary frequency without significant bacteriuria. There are many causes possible for acute urethral syndrome, see differential diagnosis of LUTS.
Acute urethritis is the bacterial infection of the urethra causing dysuria and urethral secretions, usually without signs of bladder infection [see section Gonorrhea and Non-gonococcal urethritis].
Acute cystitis is a common infection of the bladder, most often with coliform bacteria [see section bacterial cystitis and urinary tract infections in pregnancy].
Chronic cystitis is defined by either a persistent bladder infection or cystitis more than 3 times in a year.
Acute pyelonephritis is an acute bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma causing fever, chills and flank pain [see section acute pyelonephritis].
Chronic pyelonephritis is a primarily radiological diagnosis with typical renal scars and deformity of the pyelocaliceal system. Bacteriuria and signs of infection are not mandatory.
Acute prostatitis is the bacterial infection of the prostate with fever, painful swelling of prostate and voiding symptoms [see section bacterial prostatitis].
Chronic prostatitis is an inaccurate term for diseases such as chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome [see definition of prostatitis by NIH].
Epididymitis is a bacterial infection of the epididymis causing scrotal swelling, pain and fever.
Malacoplakia is a chronic infection/inflammation of the urinary tract with the formation of whitish-gray deposits.
Complicated urinary tract infections are infections of the urinary tract in the presence of anatomical abnormalities, bladder catheter, ureteral stents or after operations of the urinary tract.
Recurrent urinary tract infections exist if the recurrence rate is ≥ 2 symptomatic episodes per half-year or ≥ 3 symptomatic episodes per year.
Urosepsis is a life-threatening systemic reaction to a bacterial urogenital infection with the risk of shock and high mortality [see section urosepsis].
Age | Prevalence | Ratio (male:female) |
Neonatal | 1% | 1.5:1 |
Preschool | 2–3% | 1:10 |
Pupils | 1–2% | 1:30 |
Adults | 2.5% | 1:50 |
Old age, at home | 20–30% | 1:10 to 1:2 |
Old age, nursing home | 30% | 1:1 |
The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in sexually active women is 5%, of which 8% develop a symptomatic urinary tract infection. The incidence of urinary tract infection in women before menopause is 0.5 to 0.7 per woman and per year.
7 urinary tract infections per 100 women per year.
6–8 urinary tract infections per 10,000 men per year.
Urinary tract infections cause 20–40% of nosocomial infections.
|