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unit 18. 종속접속사 - 부사절접속사(해석) |
| 접속사 + S + V, S + V | 전치사 N/ving, S V | (접속)부사, S + V |
시간 | when ,whenever as, before, after, while, until, till since, as soon as | at, in, on, until, by, since before= prior to following= after for, during, in, over within, throughout | then, meanwhile, In the meantime |
이유 | because, since, as, now that (자 ~이제 그럼으로) | because of due to on account of owing to(thanks to)
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조건 | if=provided (that), providing (that), in case (that), in the event (that), as long as, as far as, unless, once |
without, except in case of in the event of
| (대조) otherwise, however on the other hand on the contrary nevertheless, nonetheless |
양보 | although, even though, though, even if while(~반면에)=whereas
| in spite of, despite notwithstanding | |
결과 | so 형용사 that s can such 명사 that s can | as a result of | therefore, as a result
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목적 | so that s can, in order that S V | to R= in order to R |
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첨가 |
| in addition to | In addition=besides moreover, furthermore |
* 시간, 조건의 부사절-미래시제대신(명령문,please) 현재시제(have/has v.pp)
for+숫자(구체적)
during 특정기간
beside(전치사) ~옆에
(1) 부사절 접속사(S V) VS. 전치사(N, ving)
1) 시간
ex) They hope to finish the report before the library will close. (접속사)
S V
He has delivered mail since he was in his twenties. (접속사)
S V
He came to the office after the meeting was over. (접속사)
S V
cf) He went to the train station after his work. (전치사)
N
The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m
The library will open until 7.
Pleas turn off your cell phone during the performance.
2) 이유
ex) You should ask Mr. Kim because he is the professional. (접속사)
He was late because of the heavy traffic. (전치사)
3) 조건
ex) They will use the generator if the power will not return. (접속사)
You will get a discount provided that you purchase two sets. (접속사)
4) 양보
ex) Although he promised to come early, he was late again. (접속사)
Despite the cold weather, the company picnic was held outdoors. (전치사)
5) 결과
ex) He made changes in the presentation so that it could be more easily.
He went to Spain to meet with his clients.
6) 목적
ex) He was so tired from studying that he fell asleep in the library.
◆ 부사절 접속사의 위치
1) 부사절 접속사 + S + V, S + V 종속절 주절 2) S + V 부사절 접속사 + S + V 주절 종속절
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♠ 연습문제
1. (Despite/ Although) the shortened working hours at the factory, the new machinery has helped keep production rates rising.
2. (Because/ Due to) skyrocketing use of the internet at home, many nutritionists are setting up webpages that provide diet advise and recipes.
(2) 부사절 접속사 VS. 접속부사
ex) ① It was cold, _____but_____ I went swimming.
② __Although__________ it was cold, I went swimming.
③ It was cold. _____however_______, I went swimming.
④ _Despite________ the cold weather, I went swimming.
보기) (a) despite (b) although (c) however (d) but |
◆ 접속부사의 위치
① S + V. 접속 부사, S + V. ② 부사절 접속사 S V, S V. |
부사절 접속사 ( S+ be V) ving/v.pp/a/전치사구
j분사구문
부사절접속사 (being, having been) v.ing N
v.pp N(x)
a
전치사구
연습문제
1. because
2. although
3. which
4. whether
5. as soon as
6. if
7. until
8. before
9. because
10. so
11. order
12. as
실전문제
1. d
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. d
6. c
7. d
8. c
9. b
10. a
11. a
12. b
13. c
14. d
15. a
16. c
17. c
18. d
19. b
20. d
21.a
22. c
23. c
24. d
25. b
26. b
27. a
28. a
29. c
30. d
31. d
32. a
33. b
34. a
35. a
36. d
37. c
38. c
39. c
40. b
unit 19. 전치사 |
(1) 시간․ 장소 전치사
전치사 | 시간 | 장소 |
at | at 7 o'clock /at noon at the beginning of the month at the conclusion of the program | at the corner/ at the mall at the meeting/ banquet |
on | on April 5th/ Friday | on the 3rd floor/ the table |
in | in April/ in spring/ in 2006 in three days/ in the morning in the 21st century | in the office/ the city |
(1-2) 시간 전치사
시점(시각, 날짜, 요일, 달, 년도) | 기간 (날수, 달수, 년수) |
at 6 o'clock/ the end, beginning of on Friday/ Christmas day/ March 5 in March/ 2012/ the 20th century by / until + 시각, 날짜, 요일, 달, 년도 before / after 현재완료:since 과거시점 s 과거시제
| for 10 years (숫자 기간) during a ceremony (특정시간을 명사로) (주의: during + 동명사 (X)) 현재완료over/in/for the past/ next 10 years after 7 years throughout the next few years throughout the year within 7 days within walking distance |
(3) 기타 전치사 쓰임
above (기준 이상/위에) | above one's expectations/ standards/ average above the machine |
below 기준 이하, 바로 밑
under 아래(전체),~하에, 중인
| below/ under the sink cf) below zero/average (far/well/ a lot 수식 받음)
under construction/ discussion/ consideration/ warranty(~중에) management/ supervision/ guidance/ contract (~하에) |
beside/ next to * besides(in addition) next | beside/ next to the post office →next the post office(×) the next office |
between/among(최상급) | between a chair and a bookshelf between 2 and 4 o'clock among the employees (반드시 복수명사!) |
near | sit near a window (=close to/ adjacent to) |
within :~이내에 | within the company/ the budget/ walking distance (장소) within 7 days (시간) |
for : 시간(기간) 용도, 목적, 대상 | for 2 weeks cf) during busy period (기간) I am sorry for interrupting you (이유) the specifications for the new version (용도) compete for the contract (목적) provide gift certificates for customers (대상) |
across through
along throughout
| across from the hospital 맞은편에 across/throughout Europe walk through the woods (관통/ 통과) through the use of (수단, 매게)=by through the summer holiday (시간 : 동안 내내, 줄곧)=throughout along the street/road 한길로 이어지는 장소 along the shore cf) along with a cover letter ~와 함께 throughout(=across) the country(전역에)/ the year(줄곧, 내내) |
of | a manager of the sales department ~의 (소유) |
about :~관한, 대한 | =concerning, regarding, with(in) regard to, in respect of, as to, on |
without :~없이, 하지않고 | without authorization/ permission/ consent/ notification/ without paying extra charge |
before(prior to)/ after(following) | before/ after 6'clock/ Friday/ July 14th/ 2009 after 30 days/ 2 weeks after S V, S V ~한지 2주후에 |
except | except Monday except for holidays (=aside/ apart from) |
until (상태의 계속) by (동작의 완료) ⇒구별은 동사로!! | remain, last, continue, be open/ closed, be valid, be postponed, stay + until 시간 finish, be over, be complete/ submit, send, report, deliver + by |
♠ 확인문제
1. The conference center stays open (during/ until/ to) 11 p.m.
2. You can get a refund (by/ within) 7 days of purchase.
3. Please confirm your reservation 2 weeks (before/ about) your arrival.
4. James Kang is the most qualified (among/ in) the candidates.
5. Cinebien continues its market growth (next/ across) Europe.
6. Pedro Web Design creates website (by/ for) clients in many industries.
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