1번.
SQL> select name, value, issys_modifiable
2 from v$parameter
3 where name in ('db_files', 'open_cursors','processes','statistics_level');
SQL> col name for a15
SQL> col value for a10
SQL> col issys_mod for a20
SQL> /
NAME VALUE ISSYS_MOD
--------------- ---------- ---------
processes 320 FALSE
db_files 200 FALSE
open_cursors 300 IMMEDIATE
statistics_level TYPICAL IMMEDIATE
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
orcl_tes
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=1000 scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set statistics_level=all scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_files=1000 scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set processes=1500 scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2415917880 bytes
Fixed Size 8899384 bytes
Variable Size 520093696 bytes
Database Buffers 1879048192 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select name, value, issys_modifiable
2 from v$parameter
3 where name in ('db_files', 'open_cursors','processes','statistics_level');
NAME VALUE ISSYS_MOD
--------------- ---------- ---------
processes 1500 FALSE
db_files 1000 FALSE
open_cursors 1000 IMMEDIATE
statistics_level ALL IMMEDIATE
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
orcl_tes
SQL> select name, value, issys_modifiable
2 from v$parameter
3 where name in ('db_files', 'open_cursors','processes','statistics_level');
NAME VALUE ISSYS_MOD
--------------- ---------- ---------
processes 1500 FALSE
db_files 1000 FALSE
open_cursors 1000 IMMEDIATE
statistics_leve ALL IMMEDIATE
l
SQL> select INSTANCE_name
2 from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcltest
2번.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> !ls -l *.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 5월 14 2015 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1082 2월 25 16:25 initorcl.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1301 2월 25 16:43 initorcltest.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 2월 25 16:27 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 2월 25 16:35 spfileorcltest.ora
[oracle@ora19c dbs]$ sys
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 25 16:48:29 2026
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcltest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2415917880 bytes
Fixed Size 8899384 bytes
Variable Size 520093696 bytes
Database Buffers 1879048192 bytes
Redo Buffers 7876608 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string
SQL> select name, value, issys_modifiable
2 from v$parameter
3 where name in ('db_files', 'open_cursors','processes','statistics_level');
SQL> col name for a20
SQL> col value for a10
SQL> col issys_mod for a20
SQL> /
NAME VALUE ISSYS_MOD
-------------------- ---------- ---------
processes 1500 FALSE
db_files 1000 FALSE
open_cursors 1000 IMMEDIATE
statistics_level ALL IMMEDIATE
SQL>