일본어 얼음 고오리 와 cold의 어원얼다의 어원을 알타이어로 비교

[나비우스]

눈,설 雪 

ㅅ발음<-->ㅋ 발음  호환

kar 터키어 눈 

카르 사르 같은 어원 발음이 변했을 뿐이다.

칼 찰 할--->한 寒 

차다 역시 같은 어원이 된다.

cold cool

cold는 얼다 

Proto-Altaic: *č`era ( ~ -o)

Meaning: snow, to freeze

Russian meaning: снег, замерзать

Turkic: *čar-

 

Proto-Turkic: *čar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snow dust 2 fog

Russian meaning: 1 пороша 2 туман

Karakhanid: (MKypch.) čas 2

Turkish: (dial.) čars 2

Tatar: čas 2 (dial.)

Oyrat: dial. (Leb.) šarša 1

Bashkir: sar 'animal trace on snow'

Balkar: čars 2

Kumyk: čars 2

Comments: Лексика 29, 35. The derivative *čar-s is somewhat peculiar morphologically and could be a loanword - from the (unattested) Mong. *čar-su(n) (?). {Oyr. čarɨm was removed from this etymology, but probably unjustly: the Komi source ćare̮m 'snow crust', as well as ćars id. are much better explained as borrowed from Turkic than vice versa. The form is traced back to Ur. *śarV in UEW 464, but the consonantism is quite irregular; other parallels proposed by Helimsky are Saam. čar^ava - with irregular vocalism - and Selk. č́ɔ̄rpɨ, closely resembling Tofalar čarpɨŋ. A complicated case, but explanation of the existing scattered Uralic forms from Turkic is at least not preferable to vice versa.}

Mongolian: *čar

 

Proto-Mongolian: *čar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snow crust 2 to freeze

Russian meaning: 1 наст, снежная корка 2 замерзать, затвердевать

Written Mongolian: čar 1, čarča- 2 (L 165)

Khalkha: car 1, carca- 2

Buriat: sarsa- 2, sarja 'tramped snow'

Kalmuck: car 1

Ordos: ǯarča- 2

Comments: KW 422. Mong. > Oyr. čarča- 'to freeze'.

Comments: KW 422. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *koĺi ( ~ k`-, -i̯-, -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Turkic: *Köĺ-

 

Proto-Turkic: *Köĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Tatar: küšek-

Yakut: köhüj-

Tuva: köžü-

Tofalar: köšü-

Kazakh: köšü-

Bashkir: küšek-

Comments: VEWT 294, ЭСТЯ 5, 127.

Mongolian: *köl-de-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *köl-de-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Written Mongolian: kölde-, köldü- (L 485)

Khalkha: xöldö-

Buriat: xülde-

Kalmuck: köld-

Ordos: köldö-

Dongxian: guanǯie-

Baoan: gondǝ-

Dagur: kuĺde- (Тод. Даг. 151: kulde-, 179: xulde-), hulede- (MD 166), xuĺde-, xuldu-

Shary-Yoghur: köldǖ-

Comments: KW 288, MGCD 373.

Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 305. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. The root should be distinguished from *k`òlmV 'shadow, cloud' (although contaminations are possible).

Proto-Altaic: *kóre

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *KurV

Meaning: cold

Borean: Borean

 

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : cold

Eurasiatic : *KurV

Afroasiatic : *ḳʷVrVr-

Sino-Caucasian : *xq̇HwV̆rdV́ ?

Reference : ND 1146.

Altaic: *kóre

Uralic: *kura

 

Number: 422

Proto: *kura

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: hoar-frost, thin snow

German meaning: Reif, feiner Schnee

Finnish: kuura 'Reif'

Estonian: kuurukene (dial., gen. kuurukese), (veralt.) kuureg 'kleiner, über den Weg gewehter Schneestreifen'

Saam (Lapp): kā̊rrālahka (L) 'Eisrinde, Eiskruste, Glatteis', kā̊rrō- (L) 'es bildet sich Rauhreif an den Bäumen'

Udmurt (Votyak): ge̮r (S) 'Reif; Eisblumen (am Fenster); Reis od. Eiszapfen'

Komi (Zyrian): gi̮e̮r (S) 'Reif' ( > Khanty O kijar 'Reif', Mansi kiɣǝrtt- 'покрывать инеем, снегом, льдом')

Hungarian: harmat 'Tau', (veralt.) hóharmat 'Reif' ?

Selkup: kurǝ (KeO) 'feiner Schnee, Reif'

Kamass: kuro 'Reif, Frost'

Addenda: Olon. kuuru 'Reif'

Kartvelian: Svan. ḳwarem- 'frost, ice'

Dravidian: *kor_-

 

Proto-Dravidian : *kor_-

Meaning : cold

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kor_-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kor- (*-r_-)

References: ND 1146 *ḳu(w)R[E] '(severe) cold'.

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Turkic: *Kört

 

Proto-Turkic: *Kört

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: snow drift, deep snow

Russian meaning: сугроб, глубокий снег

Old Turkic: kürtük (OUygh.)

Turkish: kürt (dial.), gürtük

Tatar: kört

Uighur: kürt

Khakassian: körtǝk

Shor: kürt

Oyrat: körtük, kürt

Chuvash: kǝrt (Anatri)

Yakut: kürǯük

Tuva: xörtük

Kirghiz: kürtük

Kazakh: kürt, kürtǝk

Noghai: kürtǝk

Bashkir: kört

Balkar: kürt

Kumyk: kürt

Comments: EDT 739, ЭСТЯ 5, 149글자색-150.

Mongolian: *kör

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kör

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 dense, thick snow 2 to freeze

Russian meaning: 1 толстый сугроб 2 замерзать, остывать

Written Mongolian: kör 1, körü- 2 (L 490)

Middle Mongolian: kor-be 'iced, cold' (HY 6)

Khalkha: xör 1, xörö- 2

Buriat: xür 1, xüre- 2

Kalmuck: kör 1, kör- 2 (КРС)

Ordos: kör- 2

Shary-Yoghur: kör 1, kör-, körgö- 2

Monguor: kori- 'se geler' (SM 215), korǝ 1

Comments: MGCD 375, 376.

Tungus-Manchu: *kuri-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kuri-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to freeze (of ice on window) 2 snow drift

Russian meaning: 1 намерзнуть (о льде на окне) 2 сугроб, намет снега

Evenki: kurêr- 1

Even: kurilke 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 436-437.

Japanese: *kǝ́r-

 

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ́r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать, застывать

Old Japanese: kor-

Middle Japanese: kór-

Tokyo: kór-

Kyoto: kòr-

Kagoshima: kór-

Comments: JLTT 713. Accent in Tokyo and Kyoto is irregular (pointing to a variant *kǝ̀r-).

Comments: VEWT 311, KW 240.