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너무너무 오랫동안 완전한 정리에 도달하지 못한 영역이다.
이번에는 반드시 근육에 대한 완벽한 탐구에 도달해낸다. tp공부와 움직임 기능해부학, 생체역학을 바탕으로 한 이해...
모든 공부는 기본개념부터 시작한다.
운동신경원에서 신경발화 -> 흥분-수축 연결 -> 근수축 -> 원래길이로 되돌아옴.
흥분성, 전도성, 수축성, 신장성, 탄성
이 모든 과정의 분자생물학적 탐구까지 완성해야......
근육섬유의 특성
Muscle tissue is very resilient and can be stretched or shortened at fairly high speeds without major damage to the tissue. The performance of muscle tissue under varying loads and velocities is determined by the four properties of the muscle tissue: irritability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity. A closer examination of these properties as they relate specifically to skeletal muscle tissue will enhance understanding of skeletal muscle actions described later in the chapter.
1. 자극 흥분성(excitability, 감수성 Irritability) - 자극에 반응하는 능력, 자극은 근수축을 생산함.
- 근육은 우리 몸에서 가장 민감하고 반응조직임. 오직 신경이 근육보다 좀더 민감함.
Irritability, or excitability, is the ability to respond to stimulation. In a muscle, the stimulation is provided by a motor neuron releasing a chemical neurotransmitter. Skeletal muscle tissue is one of the most sensitive and responsive tissues in the body. Only nerve tissue is more sensitive than skeletal muscle. As an excitable tissue, skeletal muscle can be recruited quickly, with significant control over how many muscle fibers and which ones will be stimulated for a movement.
2. 수축성(Contractility) - 근육이 짧아지거나 수축하는 능력, 근육이 늘어난 마지막단계에서 장력이 증가함.
근육의 길이는 짧아지거나 늘어나거나 동일한 길이를 유지할 수 있음.
근육은 안정길이에서 평균 57%까지 짧아질 수 있음.
Contractility is the ability of a muscle to generate tension and shorten when it receives sufficient stimulation. Some skeletal muscles can shorten as much as 50% to 70% of their resting length. The average range is about 57% of resting length for all skeletal muscles. The distance through which a muscle shortens is usually limited by the physical confinement of the body. For example, the sartorius muscle can shorten more than half of its length if it is removed and stimulated in a laboratory, but in the body, the shortening distance is restrained by the hip joint and positioning of the trunk and thigh.
3. 신장성(Extensibility) - 힘에 반응하여 안정길이(resting length)를 넘어서 늘어나는 능력
- 골격근은 외부의 힘이 주어지지 않으면 스스로 안정길이를 넘어서 신장되는 것은 불가능
- 근육이 늘어나는 정도는 근육을 둘러싼 결합조직에 의해서 결정됨.
Extensibility is the muscle’s ability to lengthen, or stretch beyond the resting length. The skeletal muscle itself cannot produce the elongation; another muscle or an external force is required. Taking a joint through a passive range of motion, that is, pushing another’s limb past its resting length, is a good example of elongation in muscle tissue. The amount of extensibility in the muscle is determined by the connective tissue surrounding and within the muscle.
4. 탄력성(Elasticity) - 늘어나는 힘이 제거될 때 안정길이로 되돌아가는 능력,
- 안정길이로 돌아가는 것은 근수축보다는 결합조직덕분임.
- 신장성과 탄력성덕분에 근육은 안정길이를 유지하면서 보호를 받음.
- 인대가 늘어나면 laxicity가 발생하여 원래길이로 되돌아오지 못함.
Ability to recoil when stretch force is removed and muscle returns to its resting length(안정길이)
Elasticity is the ability of muscle fiber to return to its resting length after the stretch is removed. Elasticity in the muscle is determined by the connective tissue in the muscle rather than the fibrils themselves. The properties of elasticity and extensibility are protective mechanisms that maintain the integrity and basic length of the muscle.
Elasticity is also a critical component in facilitating output in a shortening muscle action that is preceded by a stretch. Using a ligament as a comparison makes it easy to see how elasticity benefits muscle tissue. Ligaments, which are largely collagenous, have little elasticity, and if they are stretched beyond their resting length, they will not return to the original length but rather will remain extended. This can create laxity around the joint when the ligament is too long to exert much control over the joint motion. On the other hand, muscle tissue always returns to its original length. If the muscle is stretched too far, it eventually tears.
근육을 공부하면서 알아야 할 15가지
1. Define the properties, functions, and roles of skeletal muscle.
골격근육의 특성, 기능,역할을 정의할 수 있어야
2. Describe the gross and microscopic anatomical structure of muscles.
근육의 대, 소 해부학적 구조를 묘사할 수 있어야
3. Explain the differences in muscle fiber arrangement, muscle volume, and cross-section
as it relates to the output of the muscle.
근섬유 배열, 근육용량, 단면과 관련된 근육의 힘사용과 관련된 차이점을 설명할 수 있어야
4. Describe the difference in the force output between the three muscle fiber types(types I, IIa, IIb).
세가지 근육타입의 힘분출의 차이점에 대해서 설명할 수 있어야
5. Describe the characteristics of the muscle attachment to the bone and explain the viscoelastic response of the tendon.
뼈에 부착된 근육의 특성을 묘사하고 건의 점탄성 반응을 설명할 수 있어야
6. Discuss how force is generated in muscle.
근육에서 힘의 생성이 어떻게 이루어지는지 토론할 수 있어야
7. Describe how force is transmitted to bone.
뼈에 힘의 전달이 어떻게 이루어지는지 토론할 수 있어야
8. Discuss the role of muscle in terms of movement production or stability.
힘의 생성이나 안정성 개념에서 근육의 역할에 대해서 토론할 수 있어야
9. Compare isometric, concentric, and ecccentric muscle actions.
등척성, 구심성, 원심성 근육활동을 비교할 수 있어야
10. Describe specific considerations for the two joint muscles.
다관절근육을 특이한 고려에 대해서 묘사할 수 있어야
11. Discuss the interaction between force and velocity in the muscle.
근육에서 힘과 속도의 상관관계에 대해서 토론할 수 있어야
12. Describe factors that influence force and velocity development in the muscle, including muscle cross-section and length, the length–tension relationship, neural activation, fiber type, the presence of a prestretch, and aging.
근육에서 힘과 속도에 영향을 주는 요소를 설명할 수 있어야. ...
근육의 단면, 근육의 길이, 근육길이와 장력관계, 신경활성화, 근섬유 타입, 스트레치전과 노화 등을 포함하여
13. Explain the physical changes that occur in muscles as a result of strength training and elaborate on how training specificity, intensity, and training volume influence strength training outcomes.
근육의 근력트레이닝 결과에 대한 물리적 변화에 대해서 설명하고, 트레이닝 특성, 강도, 용량에 따른 차이를 설명
14. Describe types of resistance training and explain how training should be adjusted for athletes and nonathletes.
저항트레이닝의 종류에 대해서 설명하고, 달리기와 비달리기를 위해 어떻게 조절되어야 하는지 설명할 수 있어야
15. Identify some of the major contributors to muscle injury, the location of common injuries, and means for prevention of injury to muscles.
근육손상, 흔한 근손상부위, 근육손상 방지를 위한 방법에 대해서 설명할 수 있어야
첫댓글 와우~! 구체적 토픽들..
이제 근육에 대한 큰 그림이 완성되고 있음 ㅎㅎㅎ
muscle spindle 깊은 내용빼고는 거의 설명가능 ㅎㅎㅎㅎ