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1. Put the following passage into English:
음료 회사라면 당연히 강력한 브랜드 파워에 의존할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 하지만 인기 있는 히트 신상품들을 개발해야 하기도 한다. 하지만 그렇게 하지 못할 가능성이 상당하다. 매면 수십만 개의 새로운 음료가 탄생하지만 시장에 나오는 것은 몇 개에 불과하고 하나도 살아남지 못하는 경우도 있다. 자판기에서 팔리는 음료들이 바뀌는 경우는 좀처럼 드물고, 바뀐다 하더라도 2~30년의 기간이 걸린다. 따라서 중국에서 개발된 새로운 코카콜라 오렌지 주스의 성공은 보기 드문 쾌거이다.
Adding voice to choice (p. 54)
1. sanction: A sanction is a severe course of action which is intended to make people obey instructions, customs, or laws.
2. vote with one’s feet: show one’s opinion with an action
3. GPS: general practitioners
4. acute care hospitals(ß>chronic or rehabilitation facilities): 1차 진료 기관
Suffer the little children (p. 54)
1. watchdog: A watchdog is a person or committee whose job is to make sure that companies do not act illegally or irresponsibly.
2. disentangle: If you disentangle a complicated or confused situation, you make it easier to understand or manage to understand it, by clearly recognizing each separate element.
3. deprivation: If you suffer deprivation, you do not have or are prevented from having something that you want or need.
4. divine (v): If you divine something, you discover or learn it by guessing. (LITERARY)
5. fiddle with: If you fiddle with something, you change it in minor ways.
6. payback rates: You can use payback to refer to the profit or benefit that you obtain from something that you have spent money, time, or effort on. (mainly AM)
For richer and poorer (p. 58)
1. contested divorce: 재판이혼 (조정 이혼/소송 이혼)
2. fend for oneself: If you have to fend for yourself, you have to look after yourself without relying on help from anyone else.
3. acquest: 결혼 후에 축적된 재산
4. forum: In ancient Roman towns, the forum was a square where people met to discuss business and political matters.
5. trigger-happy: If you describe someone as trigger-happy, you disapprove of them because they are too ready and willing to use violence and weapons, especially guns. (INFORMAL)
6. patch-up: If you patch up something which is damaged, you mend it or patch it.
7. unscrupulous: If you describe a person as unscrupulous, you are critical of the fact that they are prepared to act in a dishonest or immoral way in order to get what they want.
8. mediation: If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.
9. out-of-court settlement: 법정 외에서의 화해
10. pencil in: If an event or appointment is pencilled in, it has been agreed that it should take place, but it will have to be confirmed later. (임시 합의하다)
11. snag: A snag is a small problem or disadvantage.
12. give an edge: If someone or something has an edge, they have an advantage that makes them stronger or more likely to be successful than another thing or person.
13. sharp-toothed: dealing with matters sharply
14. glee: Glee is a feeling of happiness and excitement, often caused by someone else's misfortune. (mainly WRITTEN)
15. foreboding: Foreboding is a strong feeling that something terrible is going to happen.
16. stingy: If you describe someone as stingy, you are criticizing them for being unwilling to spend money. (INFORMAL)
17. prenuptial (agreement): 혼전 합의
18. proceedings (법률용어): Legal proceedings are legal action taken against someone. (FORMAL)
19. domicile: Your domicile is the place where you live. (FORMAL)
Trials of trailing spouses (p. 59)
1. curmudgeon: If you call someone a curmudgeon, you do not like them because they are mean or bad-tempered. (OLD-FASHIONED)
2. expeditionary: 탐험과 모험을 좋아하는
3. corrode: To corrode something means to gradually make it worse or weaker. (LITERARY)
4. perks: Perks are special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job or belong to a particular group.
5. property ladder: (=building up property)
6. face a lottery: If you describe something as a lottery, you mean that what happens depends entirely on luck or chance.
Orange gold (p. 62)
1. sought-after: Something that is sought-after is in great demand, usually because it is rare or of very good quality.
2. novelty: A novelty is something that is new and therefore interesting.
3. odds against something: ~이 되지 않을 가능성
4. fizz:
5. conform to something: If something conforms to something such as a law or someone's wishes, it is of the required type or quality.
6. pulp: In fruit or vegetables, the pulp is the soft part inside the skin.(과육)
Trouble brewing (p.62)
1. water-down: 희석하다
2. commoditization: 동일상품화
3. sterile: Something that is sterile is completely clean and free from germs
4. cooklecutter: cookie cutter
5. upmarket: Upmarket products or services are expensive, of good quality, and intended to appeal to people in a high social class.
6. overstretch: If you overstretch something or someone, you force them to do something they are not really capable of, and they may be harmed as a result.
7. case: (포장 단위 상품 1개)
8. enticement: An enticement is something which makes people want to do a particular thing.
9. facelift: If you give a place or thing a facelift, you do something that will make it look better or more attractive.
Going green (p. 64)
1. Second Life: the name of an online game
2. imaginary: An imaginary person, place, or thing exists only in your mind or in a story, and not in real life.
3. cores: a multi-core microprocessor is one that combines two or more independent processors into a single package, often a single integrated circuit (IC). A dual-core device contains two independent microprocessors.
4. grid computing: Grid computing is an emerging computing model that distributes processing across a parallel infrastructure. Throughput is increased by networking many heterogeneous resources across administrative boundaries to model a virtual computer architecture. For a computing problem to benefit from a grid, it must require either large amounts of computation time or large amounts of data, and it must be reducible to parallel processes that do not require intensive inter-communication. Today resource allocation in a grid is done in accordance with SLAs (service level agreements).
Like the Internet, grid computing evolved from the computational needs of "big science". The Internet was developed to meet the need for a common communication medium between large, federally funded computing centers. These communication links led to resource and information sharing between these centers and eventually to provide access to them for additional users. Ad hoc resource sharing 'procedures' among these original groups pointed the way toward standardization of the protocols needed to communicate between any administrative domain. The current grid technology can be viewed as an extension or application of this framework to create a more generic resource sharing context.
Fully functional proto-grid systems date back to the early 1970s with the Distributed Computing System[1] (DCS) project at the
네트워크를 통해 수많은 컴퓨터를 연결해 컴퓨터의 계산능력을 극대화한 차세대 디지털 신경망 서비스.
전력을 공급하는 진공관의 전극(grid)과 유사하다고 해서 이런 이름이 붙었다. 지리적으로 분산된 고성능 컴퓨터, 대용량 저장장치, 첨단장비 등의 자원을 초고속 네트워크로 연결해 상호 공유하고 이용할 수 있도록 하는 차세대 디지털 신경망 서비스를 말한다. 일종의 가상 컴퓨터로, 일정 시간 동안 어느 컴퓨터의 자원이 남아 도는지를 측정해 어느 한 작업에 집중시켜 컴퓨터 사이의 효율성을 극대화시켜 주기 때문에 작업 속도를 무한정으로 향상시킬 수 있다. 다시 말해서 서로 분산되어 있는 컴퓨터들을 네트워크로 연결해 각각의 컴퓨터가 가지고 있는 자원을 공유하는 서비스이다. 그러나 과학자들이나 물리학자들, 민간 기업이나 국가 연구기관을 중심으로 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있어, 몇 년 안에 수많은 컴퓨터를 연결해 컴퓨터의 계산 능력을 극대화할 수 있을 것으로 전문가들은 보고 있다. 이 그리드 컴퓨팅이 실현되면 엄청난 양의 숫자 계산이나 정보에 대한 접근이 가능해져 질병·교통문제·금융문제 등 다양한 문제를 해결하는 데 크게 이바지할 수 있다.
A great divide (p. 85)
1. imprint: =a publisher
2. shortlist: If someone or something is shortlisted for a job or a prize, they are put on a shortlist. (mainly BRIT)
3. crotchety: A crotchety person is bad-tempered and easily irritated. (INFORMAL) (=grumpy)
4. embalmer: Embalming, in most modern cultures, is the art and science of temporarily preserving human remains to forestall decomposition and make it suitable for display at a funeral. The three goals of embalming are thus preservation, sanitization and presentation (or restoration) of a dead body to achieve this effect. Embalming has a very long and cross-cultural history, with many cultures giving the embalming processes a greater religious meaning.
5. punctuate: If an activity or situation is punctuated by particular things, it is interrupted by them at intervals. (WRITTEN)
6. diversion: A diversion is an action or event that attracts your attention away from what you are doing or concentrating on.
7. zany: Zany humour or a zany person is strange or eccentric in an amusing way. (INFORMAL)
8. bawdy: A bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to sex. (OLD-FASHIONED)
9. harrowing: A harrowing experience is extremely upsetting or disturbing.
10. sordid: If you describe someone's behaviour as sordid, you mean that it is immoral or dishonest.