13. 형용사

<?xml:namespace prefix = v /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype> 13교시 형용사   1.  사람이나 사물의 모습, 성질을 나타내거나 동작, 행위 등의 상태를 설명   2.  형용사의 특징　 1)     부사 + 형용사 대부분의 형용사는 주로 정도부사의 수식을 받음. 　　 ※ 정도부사 : 정도를 나타내는 부사              太，比较，很，非常，挺，相当，十分，最，更，有点儿 高兴 我 很 → 2)     형용사 + <S>목적어</S> ★형용사는 목적어를 가질 수 없다 难汉语 → 复杂汉字 → 3)  ★ 형용사의 부정 형용사의 부정은 일반적으로 不를 사용, 변화가 없음을 나타낼 때에는 没를 사용. 这件衣服不好看 → 钱不够，不能去旅行 → 病还没好 → 衣服还没干 →   3.  주요 쓰임 1)  술어 - 정도부사가 있을 경우   • 형용사가 술어로 쓰일 때는 일반적으로 정도를 나타내는 정도부사와 함께 쓰인다.   • 정도부사가 가지는 의미는 약하다.   • 부정부사가 올 경우 정도부사는 사라진다.   这本书很好 → 这本书不好 - 정도부사가 없는 경우   ★ 1음절 형용사가 정도부사의 수식 없이 단독으로 술어로 쓰일 경우, 비교나 대비의 의미를 가짐.   我高你矮   2)     관형어 ‘형용사 + (的) + 명사’ 의 형태로 수식 함. 温和的人 坏人 <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 56pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black" border=1 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="HEIGHT: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 533.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 15.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt" width=711> ※ 1음절 형용사 + <S>的</S> /  2음절 형용사 + 的 /  부사 + 형용사 + 的 /  형용사 중첩 + 的</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> 3)     보어 - 결과보어   我终于写好了 - 정도보어  ‘술어 + 得 + 형용사’  爸爸来得很早  爸爸来得早，妈妈来得晚 4)  부사어 ‘형용사 + (地) + 술어’ 他很热情地帮助我 别着急，慢慢吃吧 <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 56pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black" border=1 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 533.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt" width=711> ※ 1음절 형용사 + <S>地</S> /2음절 형용사 + 地 / 형용사 중첨,형용사구 + 地</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>   4.  중첩 1)  의미 그 정도가 강해지고 감정적 색채를 가짐. 他漂亮  < 他很漂亮  < 他漂漂亮亮 2)  형용사 중첩 후 특징 - 중첩된 형용사가 술어, 보어, 관형어로 쓰일 경우, 뒤에 的를 , 부사어로 쓰일 경우에는 뒤에 地   를 붙여 준다. 他的皮肤白白          孩子高高兴兴  唱歌 他长得漂漂亮亮  - ★형용사를 중첩하면 정도가 강해지고 감정적 색채를 갖게 되기 때문에 정도부사와 부정부사를 함께 쓰지 않는다. 他的房间干干净净的 = 他的房间很干净 他的房间<S>很</S>干干净净 他的房间<S>不</S>干干净净       3)  중첩 방식 <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 56pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black" border=1 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 Table> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt" width=55> 음절</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> 형식</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width=350> 특징</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width=176> 예</TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=55> 1음절</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> AA</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=350>  </TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=176> 大大，小小</TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" rowSpan=4 width=55> 2음절</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> AABB</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=350> 일반적인 2음절 형용사 중첩 방식 정도가 강해짐 표현</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=176> 漂亮 → 明白，清楚，暖和，热闹</TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> ABAB</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=350> ★형용사 자체에 정도의 뜻을 포함할 때 </TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=176> 雪白 → 明亮，冰凉，血红，笔直</TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> A里AB</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=350> ★헐뜯거나 비방하는 등 부정적 의미를 가질 때 </TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=176> 糊涂 → 小气，土气，傻气</TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 42.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" width=57> ABB</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 262.2pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=350> ★생동적인 의미를 가질 때</TD> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 131.8pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt" vAlign=top width=176> 胖乎乎，黑乎乎，绿油油，火辣辣</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>