<h1><br></h1><h2>Definition of Mumps Orchitis </h2><p>Mumps orchitis is an acute viral orchitis as a complication of epidemic parotitis. </p><h3>Epidemiology </h3><p>Mumps orchitis develops in 30% of patients with mumps after puberty </p><h2>Etiology of Mumps Orchitis </h2><p>Mumps virus is a paramyxovirus with a single-stranded RNA.</p><h2>Signs and Symptoms</h2><ul><li>Incubation period: 14–25 days</li><li>Fever, headache</li><li>parotid inflammation (more common bilateral), cloudy saliva</li><li>Orchitis: the scrotal symptoms occur after 4–6 days with a painful testicular swelling, in 10–30% bilateral. </li><li>Spontaneous improvement of symptoms after 1–2 weeks</li></ul><h3>Diagnostic Work-Up of Mumps Orchitis </h3><ul><li>Ultrasound and Doppler-Sonography of the testis</li><li>In cases of clinical doubt about the diagnosis, serological diagnosis of mumps is possible.</li></ul><h2>Differential Diagnosis of Orchitis</h2><ul title="differential diagnosis of orchitis"><li>Septic spread of bacterial diseases (typhoid fever, brucellosis, <a href="http://www.urology-textbook.com/urogenital-tuberculosis.html"><u><font color="#0066cc">urogenital tuberculosis</font></u></a></li><li>Continuous bacterial spread of bacterial epididymitis</li><li>Viral infections (mumps)</li><li>Malaria</li></ul><h2>Treatment of Mumps Orchitis </h2><h3>General measures:</h3><ul><li>Bed rest</li><li>Testicular elevation and cooling</li><li>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. diclofenac) </li></ul><h3>Experimental Approaches:</h3><p>Leuprorelin (Vicari and Mongioì, 1995) and interferon-α (Ku et al, 1999) was successfully used to treat mumps orchitis and to prevent testicular atrophy. </p><h2>Prognosis of Mumps Orchitis</h2><ul><li>In bilateral disease, the development of testicular atrophy with the risk of infertility is possible.</li><li>Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is possible in severe bilateral mumps orchitis.<br></li></ul><p><br></p>
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