간이 한영 불교 용어 단어장
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- 가 -
甘露 : Amrta. Abrosia. Seeet dew. 見性 : To discover one's Buddha nature. To directly realize one's own Buddhahood. Seeing Buddha-nature of Buddhahood. 見性成佛 : To discover one's Buddha nature and thus realize Buddhahood. 結과趺坐 : Lotus Posture. A seated posture in which both feet are placed on the opposite thigh. 苦行 : Ascetic practice. 空 : Emptiness. Sunya(skt.) 過去七佛 : Seven Buddhas of the Past. Vipasyn-비파시불, Sikhin-서기불, Visvabhu-비사부불, Krakuchanda-구류손불, kanakanumi-구나함모니불, kasyapa-가섭불, and Sakyamuni-석가모니불. The first three Buddhas appeared during the 장엄겁. The second four Buddhas appeared during the present kalpa. .果報 : Karmic results. 교무: catechist 교무스님: catechist 교수 아사리: ordination catechist 가사(袈裟) robe 간경(看經) textual study. 간화선(看話禪) Koan meditation. 갈마 아사리: confessor, procedual specialist 강백: lecturer 강원(講院) lecture hall 객실(客室) guest room (객진)번뇌(客塵煩惱) defilement 거사(居士) male devotee 겁(劫) aeon, kalpa 결가부좌(結跏趺坐) lotus posture 결제: retreat 결집(結集) council 경(經) sutra. Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist canon. 경장(經藏) sutra pitaka 경책 : admonition 계(戒) precept, Sila ,: 新羅, precept command prohobition discipline rule; morelity 계를받다 : become ordained, renounce the world 계(界) realm. world 계단: ordination platform 계율(戒律): Precepts. Sila and Vinaya. The rules 고(苦) : Duhka, bitterness suffering ; unhappiness. suffering, pain, distress, misery; difficulty. There are lists of two, four, and eight categories; the two are internal, i.e. physical and mental and external, i.e. attacks from without. The four are birth-growing, old, illness and death, The eight are these four along with the pain of parting from the loved, of meeting with the hated, of failure in one's aims, and that caused by the five skandhas; cf 四諦 苦苦: Duhkha-duhkhata. The pain or painialncss of pain; pain prouduced by miscry or pain; suffering arising from external circumstances, c.g. faminc, storm, sickness forture, etc. 고승(高僧) A illustrious monk 고제(苦諦) The noble truth of suffering 고행(苦行) ascetic practice. Duskara-carya, undergoing diffculties, hardships, or sufferings; also Tapas, burning torment; hence asceticism rclisious austerity, martifotion. 공(空) emptiness 공덕(功德) merit 공안(公案) koan/ kongan 공양(供養) offering 供養諸佛; power of universal service of all Buddhas 공양의식: offering ceremony 과거칠불(過去七佛) seven Buddhas of the past 과보(果報)/업보 karmic result 관세음보살(觀世音菩薩) Avalokitesvara, Bodhisattva of compassion 관음전(觀音殿) hall of the Bodhisattva of compassion 교(敎) The doctrinal teaching 교리(敎理) doctrine, The foundamental principles of a religion its doctrines or dogmas, e.g. the four trughs the twelve nidanas the eight tob noble path. 교종(敎宗) The doctrinal School 敎化; To transform by instruction; teach and convert; to cause another to give alms. 구경각(究竟覺) final awakening 구산(九山) nine mountains 국보(國寶) national treasure 국사(國師) national preceptor. national master. 극락(極樂) : Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha. Sunkhavati(s) 극락왕생 : live eternally in the paradise. 서방정토 : Western Pure land. 극락전(極樂殿) Amitabha hall 금강경(金剛經) Diamond sutra 금당(金堂) Buddha Hall 금동(金銅) gilt-bronze 금욕 : acesticism. renunciation. 기도(하다): religious practice. pray
깨달음 Awakening The Enlightenment . lumination
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나찰(羅刹) evil ghost 나한(羅漢) Arahat, Attained One 나한전(羅漢殿) Hall of the Arahat 내생 : The future life. the life to come. next life 논(論) canon, Abhidharma 논장(論藏) canon pitaka Abhidharma pitaka 농감스님: farmer monk
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도감 provost 다도(茶道) tea ceremony. 다포: multiple brackets 다라니(陀羅尼) dharani 단경(壇經) The platform sutra 단주(短珠) beads/ rosary 단청(丹靑) cosmic design/ Red and blue 斷惑; universal cutting off of delusions 달마대사(達磨大師) Bodhidharma. 닫집 canopy. 당간(幢竿) A flag pole 당간지주(幢竿支柱) flag pole supporter 大覺: The superme bodhi, or enlightenment and the enlightening power of a Buddha. 大導師: The great vuide, i.e. Buddha or a Bodhisattva. 大悲: Mahakaruna "great pity" i.e. greatly pitiful a heart that seeks to save the suffering; applied to all Buddhas and bodhisattvas, especially to kuan-yin. 大比丘: Great bhinkyu, i.e. one of virtue and old age; similar to 大和尙 大沙門: The great shaman, i.e. Buddha; also any bhilcsu in full orders. 大法: The great Dharma, or Law. 大弟子: sthavira, a chief disciple, the Fathers of the Buddhist church; an elder; an abbot; a priest licensed to preach and become an abbot; also. 大衆: The great assembly, any assembly, all present, everybody. 대세지보살(大勢至菩薩) Bodhisattva of power/ Mahastamparapta 大僧戒: The commands or prohibitions for bodhhisatvas and monks also styled. 大乘四果: The four fruits or bodhisattva stages in Mahayana the fouth being that of a Buddha: 須陀洹 srota-apnna 사다함 sakrdagamin 阿那含 anagamin and 阿羅漢arhan. This is a 通敎 category. 대승불교(大乘佛敎) The great vehicle, Mahayana Buddhism 대웅전(大雄殿) dharma hall. Buddha hall 大慈: Great mercy, or compassion. 대장경(大藏經) tripitaka 대중울력: group work 덕(德) virtue 도(道) The way. leading to the cessation of suffering 도량석 : wake up chant 독경 : chant/recite sutras 독성(獨聖) hermit sage/recluse 독성각(獨聖閣) hall of the hermit sage 돈법(頓法) The doctrine of sudden awakening 돈오(頓悟) sudden awakening. Sudden Illumination 돈오돈수(頓悟頓修) sudden awakening-sudden cultivation 돈오점수(頓悟漸修) sudden awakening-gradual cultivation. A practice/enlightenment taxonomy advocated by TsungOmi and Chinul. 동안거(冬安居) winter retreat season. 頭陀行 : Ascetic practices that the Buddha allowed, 등(燈) lantern
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만다라(蔓茶羅) mandala. 만자(卍字) The Swastika (the symbol of good fortune) 마지 rice offering to the Buddha 末法; The last of the three periods 正, 像, and 末; that of degeneration and extinction of the Buddha-law 말사(末寺) : regional/branch temple or monastery. Subsidiary buildings of a monastery. 末世; The Third and last period of Buddha-kalpa; the first is the first 500 years of correct doctrine, the second is the 1,000 years of semblance law, or approximation to the doctine, and the third a myriad years of itts decline and end. 망상(妄想) delusions 멸(滅) cessation 명등스님: lamplighter 명부전(冥府殿) hall of judgement of the dead 명색(名色) name and formation 목어(木魚) wooden fish 목탁(木鐸) Moktak/ wooden clacker. hallow wood block. 무념(無念) : No Thinking. Non-thought. Advocated in the Zen approach. 무명(無明) ignorance 무상(無常) impermanent Transitory 무색계(無色界) formless world 무심(無心) no-mind 무아(無我) no-self . : Non-self. The Buddhist doctrine that there is no underlying substance to the ego. This is one of the most fundamental doctrines of Buddhism. anatman(s) 무정 : non-sentient beings 묵언(默言) holy silence, no speaking 문수보살(文殊菩薩) Manjusuri, Bodhisattva of Wisdom 문자(文字) words 미륵(彌勒) Maitreya. The Buddha of the future. 밀교(密敎) Esoteric Buddhism, Vajrayana.
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바라밀(婆羅蜜) perfection, paramita 바랑 Barang/backpack. 반가부좌(半跏趺坐) half lotus posture 반야(般若) wisdom . Profound wisdom. (s) Prajna "to know, understand" "Wisdom" M.W Intp 慧 wisdom;智慧 understanding or wisdom; 明 clear intelligent the sixth paramita. 반야심경(般若心經) The Heart Sutra. 발기: commentator 發心 : Activation of the bodhicitta. First of the ten abidings. The formal entrance onto the bodhisattva path. 發願文 : A written statement of one's vow. 放生 : Release of living beings. A ceremony in which captured fish or birds being sold for food in the market are bought and released into their natural habitat. 발우(鉢盂) wooden bowls. 발우공양(鉢盂供養) formal meal. 방부: formal introduction 방생(放生) release of living beings/ animal-outing 방장(方丈) zen master 방장스님: Son Master 방편(方便): skillful means.(s) Upaya . universal accordance with conditions of the receptivity of others Upaya, Convenient to the place or situation, suited to the condition opportune, appropriate; but is interpreted as 方法 methood mode, I am, and 便 as 便用convenient for use, i.e. a convenient or expedient mathod; also 方正as 便 and as 巧妙which implies strategically correary. 백장청규: Pure Rules of Pai-Chang 百中 : The Buddhist All Souls' Day. 백팔배 : 108 bows/prostrations 百八煩惱 : The 108 defilements that man is subject to. 백팔참회 : 10 repentances 번뇌(煩惱) defilements. lusions. Mental functions which disturb the mind. 법(法) Dharma 법고(法鼓) temple drum, dharma drum 법구(法具) Dharma instrument. 법당(法堂) Buddha hall, Dharma hall 법당: shrine hall 법랍: seniority 법랍순서: seniority order 법랍이 가장 오래된 승려: seniormost monk 법맥(法脈) Dharma lineage 법명(法名) Dharma name / ordained name 법문(法門) Dharma talk 법성(法性) Buddha's nature. nature of beings 법신(法身) dharma body. nature of Buddha's mind. truth. 法雨; The rain of Buddha-truth which fertilizes all beings. 法輪; Dharma-cakra, the wheel of the Law Buddha-truth which is able to crush all evil and all apposition like lndras wheel and which rolls on from man to man place to place age to age. 법호: Dharma-protector 법화경(法華經) Lotus Sutra 법회 : Dharma meeting/assembly, Buddhist gathering 벽화(壁畵) wall painting 별채: separate compound 보리(菩提) : Bodhi. Enlightenment : from budh; knowledge understanding perfect wisdom; the illuminated or enlightened mind; anciently intp. 보리수(菩提樹) bodhi tree. The tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. 보리심(菩提心) the thought of Enlightenment 보살(菩薩) bodhisattva 보살계: Bodhisattva-precepts 보시(布施) generosity/ charity/ giving : Dana 檀那; the sixth paramita almsgiving i.e. of goods, or the doctrine, with resultant benefits now and also hereafter in the forms of reinearnation, as neglect or refusal in the fo will produce the opposite consequences. 보신(報身) reward body 보현보살(普賢菩薩) bodhisattva of compassion 본사(本寺) head temple. home temple/ monastery 본성(本性) one's original nature ; The spirit one possesses by nature; hence the Buddha-nature; the buddha-nature withing ; one's own nature. 本質; Original substance the substance itself; any real object of the senses. 掛佛; The Hanging-up painting of the Buddha 부도(浮屠): stupa/pagoda 부처님의 가피 : blessing from Buddha. 분별(分別) discrimination 분신 self-imolation 불(佛) Buddha. The Awakened One. The Enlightened One. Thus come one. 불가 : Buddhist Community 불공(佛供) offering 佛法僧: The Buddha. Dharma, and Sangha. The Three Jewels. 佛性 : Buddhatta. Buddha Nature. The Buddha-nature i.e. gnosis enlightenment; potential bodhi remaing in every gati, i.e. all have the capacity for enlightenment; for the Buddha-nature remains in all as wheat nature remains in all wheat. 佛子; Son of Buddha; a bodhisattva; a believer in Buddhism for every beliver is becoming Buddha; a term also applied to all beings, becuase all are of Buddha-nature. 佛敎; Buddhas teaching; Buddhism. 佛法; Buddhadharrma ; the Dharma or Law preached by the buddha the principles underlying these teachings, the truth attained by him. its embodiment in his being. 佛像; Buddha's image or pratima. There is a statement that in the fifth century A. D the images in China wre of Indian features. thich lips, high nose, long eyes, bull jaws. etc... but that after the T'ang the form became "more effeminate" 佛身; Buddhakaya, a general term for the Trikaya or threefold embodiment of Buddha. 佛眼; The eye of Buddha, the enlightened one who sees all and is omniscient 佛語; The words, or seyings, of Buddha. 佛第子; Disciples of Buddha, whether monks or laymen. 佛智; Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi, Buddha-wisdom, i,e, supreme. universal gnosis. awareness or intelligence; sarvajnata omniscience. 佛陀; There are numberous monks from India and Central Asia bearing this as part of their names 불교교단(佛敎敎團) sangha. 불교교리 : Buddhist doctrine 불교의식(佛敎儀式) Buddhist ritual 불교종단(佛敎宗團) Buddhist Order 불교학(佛敎學) Buddhist Studies. study of Buddhism 불기(佛紀) Buddhist Era(B.E.) 不妄語: Musavada-veramani,, the fourth commandmenmt thou shalt not lie ; no false speaking 불보사찰: Buddha-jewel monastery 不放勉: No slackness or loosensess; concentration of mind and will on the good. 不殺生: Pranatipatad vairamani, the first commandment, Thou shalt not kill the living. 불상(佛像) Buddha statue/ Buddha image 불성(佛性) Buddha nature 不生不滅; No birth and No Death 不 慾: Abrahamacarya-veramani, the third commandment, thou shalt not commit adultery 불이문(不二門) Gate of non-duality. 불전함(佛錢函) donation box 불제자(佛弟子) disciples of the Buddha 불탄일(佛誕日) Buddha's birthday. 비구(比丘) monk. Bhikku 비구계 수계식: full ordination 비구니(比丘尼) nun. Bhikkuni. 비로자나불(毘盧 那佛) Viroccana. the cosmic Buddha 비석(碑石) stela/ memorial stone 비유(比喩) parables.
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사(寺) temple. monastery 사구(死句) dead phrase 사경(寫經) copying Sutra 사경하다 : Sutra duplication 사리(舍利) Relics/ ashes . (s)Sarira. The cremated bones of the Buddha or a Buddhist adept 봉안하다 : enschrine 사리불(舍利佛) Sariputra 사리탑(舍利塔) relics stupa 사무량심(四無量心) The four immeasurables. 1)loving-kindness 2)compassion 3)sympathetic joy 4)equanimity. 사미(沙彌) novice 사미계: novice precepts 사미승: prospective ordinand 사미율의: the Sramanera Rules and Decorum 사바세계 : (s)Saha. This world. Also called the place for 'endurance and patience' since living beings must endure all sorts of mental defilement, and the holy ones who work to save these beings must put up with weary toil. 사성제(四聖諦) The Four Noble Truth 1) suffering, 2) cause of suffering, 3) cessation, 4) the path of cessation 사은(四恩): The four benefactors. Those to whom one is beholden for one's progress. The lists vary; teacher, parents, ruler, supporter, mother, father, the Tathagata, the teacher who explains Dharma; parents, sentient, beings, ruler, the Three Treasures. 사천왕: four heavenly kings/supernal Dharma-protector 사천왕문(四天王門) gate of the four Heavenly Kings (Four Guardians) 사판승: monk on the support staff of the monastery/ support monk 사홍서원(四弘誓願) Four Great Vows 1) I vow to save all beings. 2) I vow to end all sufferings. 3) I vow to learn all dharma teachings. 4) I vow to attain Enlightenment. 산신각(山神閣) mountain spirit shrine 山僧: "Hill monk" self-deprecatory term used by monks. 삼계(三界) three realms. 1) realm of desire 2) realm of form 3) realm of formlessness ; The three sets of commandments, i.e. the ten for the ordained who have left home the eight for the devout at home and the five for the ordinary laity. 三劫; The theree asankyjeya kalpas the three countleas aeons, the period of a bodhisattva's development; also the 莊嚴, past the present 賢, and the future 星宿 kalpas. There are other groups. 三千佛 The thousand Buddhas in each of the three kalpas. 삼귀의(三歸依) The Three Refuges. 1) I take refuge in the Buddha 2) I take refuge in the Dharma 3) I take refuge in the Sangha. 삼독(三毒) three poisons. 1) greed, craving 2) hatred, anger 3) delusion, ignorance : The theree poisons also styled 三根; 三株 they are 貧concupiscence or wrong desire, 瞋anger hatc or resentment and 痴stupidity gnorance, unintclligence or unwillingness to accept Buddha-truth 三昧; The three flavours, or pleasant savours, The monastic life, reading the scriptures, meditation. : Ekagra, aikagrya, Undeflected concontraltion, meditation - on, one object, V 一行三昧 三味: The three flavours or pleasant savours; the monastic life, reading the scriptures meditation 삼배(三拜) : Three prostrations. Performed by a lay-person when formally greeting a monk, by monks when greeting each other, or to the statue of the Buddha, etc. when one first enters the Shrine Hall of temple. 삼법인(三法印) :Three Dharma Seals/ The Three Marks(Attributes/ Characteristics) of Existence. 1) impermanence. 2) suffering 3) no-self. 삼보(三寶) : The Three Jewels. 1) Buddha 2) Dharma 3) Sangha (Refuges, Treasures, Triple Gem) When a person has studied Buddhism so that he or she feels confidence in it, that person takes refuge in the Three jewels; The Buddha, The Dharma, and The Sangha. This act makes a person officially a Buddhist. ; Triratna or Patnatraya, i.e. the Three Precious Ones; 佛 Buddha, 法 Dharma. 僧Sangha, i.e. Buddha, the Law, the Ecclesia or order. 삼보사찰(三寶寺刹) ; Monasteries of the Triple Gem, the three jewel monasteries. namely: 1) The Buddha jewel monastery(reprenting the Buddha): Tongdosa. 2) The Dharma jewel monastery(reprenting the Dharma): Haeinsa. 3) The Sangha jewel monastery(reoenting the Sangha): Songgwangsa. 三師七證; The three superior monks and a minimum of seven witnesses required for an ordination to full orders; except in outlandish places, when two witnesses are valid. 삼세(三世) three time period, 1) past 2) present 3) future.; The three periods, 過去, 現在, 未來 or 過, 現, 未, past present, and future. The universe is described as eternally in motion, like a flowing stream, Also 未生, 已生, 後滅, or 未, 現, 過unborn, born, dead. The 華嚴經 Huna-yen sutra has a division of ten kinds of past, present, and future, i.e. the past spoken of as past, present, and future also, with the addition of the present as the three periods in one instant. 三際. 三千佛 Also The thousand Buddhas of each of the three kalpas-of the past, called 莊嚴 kalpa the present 賢, and the future 星宿. Their names are variously fiven in several sutras a complete list is in the 三千佛名經. 不可得 Everything past. present, future, whether mental or material, is intangible, fleeting and cannot be held; v. 心. 了遠 A Buddha's pertect knowledge of past present and future. 佛 The Buddhas of the past present and future, i.e. Kasyapa, Sakyamuni, and Maitreya. 假實 The reality or otherwise of things or events past. present amd future. Some hinayana schools admiof the present but dispute the reality of the past 已有 and the future 營有. Others take different views. all of which have been exhaustively discussed. See Vibhasa sastra 婆沙論 77, or 俱舍論 20. 實有法體恒有 The Sarvastivadah school maintains that as the three states (past present future) are real so the substance of all things is permanent; i.e. time is real. matter is eternal. 心 Mind. or thought, past, present or future, is momentary always moving unreal and cannot be laid hold of. 成佛 idem. 三生. 智 One of a Tathagata's ten kinds of wisdom. i.e. knowledge of past, present, and future. 無障 智戒 The wisdom-law or moral law that frees from all impediments. past, present, and future. Also styled 三昧耶戒; 自性本源戒; 三平等戒; 菩提心戒; 無爲戒 and 眞法戒. 覺母 A name for Manjusri 文殊; as guardian of the wisdom of Vairocana he is the bodhi-mother of all Buddhas past, present, and future. 間 There are two difinitions : (1) The realms of 器 matter, of 衆生 life and 智正覺 mind especially the Buddha's mind (2) The 五陰 psychological realm(mind) 衆生 realm of life and 國土or 器 material realm. 삼세여래 : The three Tathagatas: Sakyamuni, Bhaisajyaguru, Amitabha. 三乘; Triyana, the theree vehicles or conveyances which carry living beings across samsara or mortality (births-and-deaths) to the shores of nirvana. The three are styled 小, 中 and 大 Some-times the three vehicles are defined as 聲聞 Sravaka, that of the hearer or obedient disciple ; 緣覺 Pratyeka-buddha that of the enlightened for self; these are described as 小乘 because the objective of both is personal salvation; the third is 菩薩 Bodhisattva, or 大乘 Mahayana, because the objective is the salvation of all the living. the three are also depicted as 三車 three wains. drawn by a goat a deer an ox. The Lotus declares that the three are really the One Buddha-behicle. which has been revealed in three expedient forms suited to his disciples capacity, the Lotus Sutra being the unifying complete and final exposition. The three vehicles are differently explained by different exponents e.g. 삼십이상 : The Thirty-two Marks.1)Level feet -족하암평립상 : 발바닥이 평평하여 서 있기에 편안하다. 2)thousand-spoke wheel-sign on feet-족하이륜상: 발바닥에 두 개의 바퀴 모양의 무늬가 있다. 3)long slender fingers- 정자성 : 손가락이 길다. 4)pliant hands and feet - 족근광평상 : 발꿈치가 넓고 평평하다. 5)toes and fingers finely webbed- 수족지만만상 : 손가락과 발가락 사이에 비단 같은 막이 있다. 6)full-sized heels- 7)arched insteps- 8)thighs like a royal stag - 천여록왕상 : 장딴지가 사슴왕과 같다. 9)hands reaching below the knees - 정립수마슬상 : 팡을 펴면 손이 무릎까지 내려간다. 10)well-retracted male organ- 음장상 : 음경이 몸 안에 감추어져 있다. 11)height amd stretch of arms equal - 신광장등상 : 신체의 가로 세로가 같다. 12)every hair-root dark coloured - 모상향상 : 털이 위로 향해 있다. 13)boddy hair graceful and curly - 일일공일모생상 : 털구멍마다 하나의 털이 있다. 14)dolden-hued doby -금색상 : 몸이 금빛이다. 15)a ten-foot halo around him - 장광상 : 몸에서 나오는 빛이 두루 비춘다. 16)soft smooth skin-세박피상 : 피부가 부드럽고 얇다. 17)both soles, both palms, both shoulders and crown well rounded--칠처륭만상: 두 발바닥과 두 손바닥, 두어깨와 정수리가 두텁고 풍만하다. 18)below the armpits well-filled-양엑하륭만상 : 두 겨드랑이가 두텁고 풍만하다. 19)lion-shaped body -상시니여사자상 : 상반신이 사자와 같다. 20)stands erect-대직신상; 신체가 크고 곧다. 21)full shoulders-견원만상 : 어깨가 원만하다. 22)forty teeth-사십치상 : 치아가 마흔 개다. 23)teeth white, even and close - 치제상 : 치아가 가지런하다. 24)the four canine teeth pure white-아백상 : 어금니가 희다. 25)lion-jawed- 사자협상 : 뺨이 사자와 같다. 26)saliva improving the taste of all food - 미중득상미상 ; 맛 중에서 가장 좋은 맛을 느낀다. 27)tongue long and broad-대설상 : 혀가 크다. 28) voice deep and resonant -범성상 ; 음성이 맑다 29)eye deep blue-진청안상 : 눈동자가 검푸르다 30)eye lashes like a royal bull _ 우안첩상 : 속눈썹이 소와 같다.31)a white urna or curl between the eyebrows emitting light-백모상 ; 두 눈썹 사이에흰 털이 있다.32)an usnisa or fleshy protuberance on the crown - 정계상 ; 정수리가 상투 모양으로 돋아나 있다. 삽십칠조도품 : The Thirty-seven factors of enlightenment. 삼악도(三惡道) three evil worlds(realms, destinies) 1) hell 2) hungry ghost 3) animal 三衣: The three regulation harments of a monk 袈裟 kasaya, 僧伽製, samhati assenably robe; uttarasanga, upper garment worn over the 安陀會Antarvasaka, vest or shirt 삼장(三藏) three pitaka. 1) vinaya 2) sutra 3) Abhidharma. 삼직: three duties 三天; The trimurti-Siva. Visnu, and Brahma. 使 v. 三使. 四仙 v. 二天三仙 and 鳩摩羅Kuveradeva and 若提子 Nirgrantha son of jnatr, i.e. pf tje Jnatr clan. 三學; The "three studies' or yehicles of learning-discipline, meditation, wisdom ; (a) 戒learning by the commandments or prohibitions so as to guard against the evil consequences of error by mouth. body or mind i.e. word, deed or thought (b)定 by dhyana or quietist meditations (c)慧 by philosophy, i.e. study of principles and solving of doubts. Also the Tripitaka ; the 戒 being referred to the 律 vinaya, the 定 to the 經sutras, and the 慧 to the 論 sastras. 三惑; 同 三惑 The then-t'a "three doubts" in the mind of a bodhisattva, proudcing fear of illusion, confusion through multipicity of duties, and ignorance i.e.. 見思; 無明 q.v. 三智 One mind and three aspects of knowledge the 別敎separates the three aspects into and g.v; Tient'ai unifies them into 空, 假one immediate vision or regards the three as aspects of the one mind. 상(相) characteristic 색(色) formation . Form 色身; Rupa-kava. The physial body, as controsted with the 法身 dharma-kaya, the immaterial spiritual or immortal body. 色慾; Sexual desire, or passion 생(生) birth 생로병사(生老病死) birth, old age, sickness and death. ; Birth, age, sickness, death, the 四苦 four afflictions that are the lot of every man. The five are the above four and 苦 misery, or suffering. 生佛; Buddha alive; a living Buddha; also 生 i.e. 衆生 all the living and 佛 i.e. Buddha 生住異滅Birth stay change(or decay) death. 석가모니(釋迦牟尼) Sakyamuni. 서방정토(西方淨土) The Western Pure Land. 석굴(石窟) stone cave. 석등(石燈) stone lantern. 석불(石佛) stone Buddha statue. 선(禪) : Zen Meditation, the characteristic feature of the zen school, a Buddhist school, originating in China, which focuses on meditation and direct experience. Dhyana, Ch'an. 선가(禪家) The Zen school. 선덕: meditative virtue 선문답(禪門答) Zen dialogue. Encounter dialogue. 선방(禪房) Zen hall. Meditation hall. 선불교(禪佛敎) Zen Buddhism. 선사(禪師) Zen master. 선사제: commemorative service for the previous meditation master of the monastery 선승: Zen monk 선열당: meal room/ reflectory 선원 meditation compound 선원(禪院) Zen center, meditation hall. 禪宗 : Zen Schoold. A Buddhist sect which began in China and later spred to korea, , Japan and Vietnnam. In this sect, meditation and the importance of direct experience of reality is stressed. 善知識 : A good friend. 1. Some who introduces another person to the doctrines of the Buddha and thus helps that person to excape from the realm of suffering.2. Anyone, regardless of age, sex or social status, through which one gets a karmic affinity with Buddhism. 설법(說法); powers of universal explication of the truth : Buddhist sermon 설법전(說法殿) teaching hall. 成佛 : Realing Buddhahood. Becoming a Buddha ; To become Buddha as a bodhisattva does on reaching super me perfect bodhi 성문:(s)Sravaka. An immerdiate disciple of the Buddha; follower of the Hinyana path '성불합시다' May we attain buddhahood' 성불(成佛)하세요! May you be Enlightened! 성지순례(聖地巡禮) the pilgrimage. 成就衆生; the perfection of all beings universally 세간(世間) world 世世生生; Transmigration affter traansmigration in the six states of mortal existence 世俗; Laukika; common or ordinary things custom, expcriences, common or wondly ways. 세존(世尊): World Honored One. An epithet used especially for the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni. Lokajyestha, words most venerable, or Lokantra, lord of worlds. 世界; Loka世間 ; the finite world the world, a world, which is of two kinds; 소승불교(小乘佛敎) Theravada Buddhism 속세를 끊다 : renounce the world 수(受) feeling 수계(受戒) ordination. 수인(手印) mudra. 수행(修行) practice. cultivation. To practice cultivativation; accordant Carya, conduct to abserve and do to mend one's ways; to cultivate oneself in right practice; be religious or pious. 수행하다 : 스님(僧) monk. venerable. reverned. nun 승가(僧家) Sangha. 승가대학 : sangha college/monk's school 시왕(十王) Ten Kings. 시왕전(十王殿) The Ten Kings Hall. 시자 acolyte 식(識) consciousness. 신구의(身口意) body, speech, mind. Deportment, words(speech), thoughts. All actions performed through body, speech or mind. Karma. 신도(信徒) lay people. 신도: lay supporter 신심(信心) The faith. 神通; universal superhuman powers 심(心) mind. 십선(十善) The ten wholesome actions. No killing. No stealing. No adultery. No lying. No slandering. No hash speaking. No idle talking. No greed. No hatred. No delusion. 十信: The ten grades of bodhisattva faith, i.e. the first ten in the fifty two bodhisattva postions: (1)信 faith (2)念 remembrance, or unforgetfulness (3)精進 zealous progress (4)慧 wisdom (5)定 settled firm nessin concentration (6)不退 non-retrogression (7)護法 protection of the Truth (8)廻向reflexive powers, e.g. for reflecting the Trugh (9)戒 the nirvana mind in (10)願 action at will in anything and everywhere. 十惡 Dasakusala. Thje ten "not right" or evil things are killing. stealing. stealing. adultery. lying double-tongue, coarse language, filthy language, covetousness, anger, perveted views ; these produce the ten resultant evils 業(道). Cf. 十善 ; 十戒 십우도(十牛圖) The Ten Ox-herding painting . The Ten Ox-herding Pictures ; the first, a man looking for an ox, then sceing its tracs, then seeing the ox, catching it feeding it, riding it home, ox dies man lives, both dead, return whence they came, and enter the dust. 12연기(緣起) Dependent Origination.: Dvadasang pratityasamutpada; the twelve nadanas; v, 尼 and 因 also; 十二緣起; (有)支; 率連; 棘園; 輪; 重 ; 因緣觀; 支佛觀 They are the twelve links in the chain of existence; (1)無 vidya, ignorance, or unenlightment (2)行 Samskara action, activirty concotion, "dispositions, keith, (3)識 vijnana, consiousness (4)名色 namarupa name and form (5)六入 i.e. eye ear nose tonguc body, and mind (6)觸 sparsa, contect touch (7)受 vedana, scnsation feeling (8)愛 trsna thirst desire, craving (9)取 upadana laying hold of grasing (10)有 bhava baing existing (11)生 jati birth (12)老死 jaramarana dd age death. 十智; The ten forms of understanding. I Hinayana (1)世俗智 common understading (2) 法enlightened understanding, i.e. on the Four truths in this life ; (3)類 ditto, applied to the two upper reaims 上二界; (4),(5),(6)(7) understanding re each of the Four Truths separately, both in the upper and lower realms, e.g.苦智 : (8)他心 understanding of the minds of others (9)盡 the understanding that puts an end to all previous faith in or for self, i.e. 自信智; (10)無生 nirvana wisdom; v 26 Mahayana. A Tathagata's ten powers of understanding or wisdom (1)三世 perfect understanding of past, present, and future (2) ditto of Buddha Law (3)法界無碍 unimpeded understaing of the whole Buddha-realm (4)法界無邊 unlimited or infinite ditto (5)充滿一切 of ubiquity (6)普照一切世間 of universal enlightenment (7)住持一切世界 of omnipotence or universal control (8)知一切衆生 of omniscience re all living beings (9)知一切法 of moniscience re the laws of universal salvation (10)知無邊諸佛 of omniscience re all Buddha wisdom v. 華嚴經 16. There are also his ten forms of understanding of the "five Seas" 五海 of worlds, living beings karma nassions and Buddhas. 18계(界) The Eighteen Realms. 十行; The ten necessary activities in the fifty-two stages of a bodhisattva. following on the 十信 and 十主 ; the two latter indicate personal development 自利 These ten lines of action are for the universal welfare of thers. 利他; They are joyful service; beneficial service never resenting with cut limit; never out of order ; appearing in any form at will unimpeded ; exalting the paramitas amongst all beings perfecting the Buddha-law by complete virtur ; manifesting in all things the pure, final, true reality. Superior order, grade or class. 上生 ; 中生 ; 下生 The three highest of the nine stages of birth in the Pure Land, v. 中, 下 and 九品. 蓮臺 The highest stages in the Pure Land where the best appear as ; otus flowers on the pool of the seven precious things; when the lotuses open they are transformed into beings of the Pure Land. 十號: Ten titles of a Buddha: 如來 Tathag ata; 應供 Arhat 正 知 Samyak-sambuddha 明行足 Vidyacorana-sampanna 善逝 sugata, 世間解Lokavid, 無上士Anuttara 調御丈夫Purusa-damya-sarathi, 天人師Sasta deva manusyanam 佛世尊 lokamatha, or bhagalon
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아귀(餓鬼) hungry ghost. 我慢; Abhimana, as ma-mada. 아미타불(阿彌陀佛) Amitabha. 我想; The thought that the ago has reality. 我相; Egoism the concept of the ego as real 아수라(阿修羅) Asura. fighting god. 아승지겁(阿僧紙劫) countless aeon. 惡口; To speak ill of others. One of the ten misdeeds. Evil month, evil speech; a slanderous, evil-speaking person. 惡業; (s)Akusala-karman. Bad deeds which produce a corresponding bad result.Evil conduct in thought word or deed which leads to evil recompense; evil Karma. 안거(安居) retreat. 安居 /결제:(s) Varse. The Retreat season. The meditation season. 하안거 : Summer retreat 동안거 : winter retreat 해제 : vacation. Free season. Wandering season. 암자(庵子) Hermitage. 암자: hermitage 愛惑; The illusion of love, or desire 愛憎; Love and hate, desire and dislike 愛欲; Love and desire; love of family 약사불(藥師佛) The Medicine Buddha. 양력 : Western calendar 업(業): Action .Karman. (s)Karma. Intentional deeds which produce a corresponding result. Action work deed: "moral duty" "product, result, effect" M.W The doctrine of the act; deads especially in their relation to succeeding forms of transmigration. 業報; Karma-reward; the retribution of karma, good or evil. 여래(如來) Tathagata. The Buddha. 女色: Female beacuty-is chain, a serious delusion a gievous calamity 如如; Suddness 연기설(緣起說) The theory of dependent origination. 연등(蓮燈) lotus lantern. 연비: burning of the arm 연지 finger burning 열반(涅槃) Nirvana. Nirvana is a Sanskrit word which is originally translated as 'perfect stillness.' It has many other meanings, such as liberation, eternal bliss, tranquil extinction, extinction of individual existence, unconditioned, no rebirth, calm joy, etc. 연각: (s)prayekabuddha 연등 : Lotus lantern 염불(念佛) chanting. reciting. 염주(念珠) prayer beads. Buddhist rosary. 염화미소 ; 'mahakasyapa smiled when he saw the Buddha hold up a flower.' During one his dharma talks, the Buddha held up a flower. Everyone was baffled except for Mahakasyapa who smiled. The Zen School considers this to be the initial transmission of the profound Dharma from the Buddha to future generations of seekers. 예불(禮佛) A Buddhist service. Buddhist ceremony. : worship/service 예불: daily service 오계(五戒) The Five Precepts. No killing. No stealing. No sexual misconduct. No lie. No intoxicants. 오근: 1. The five senses. 2. Faith, energy, awareness, concentrations, and wisdom = 오력 오대(五大) The five elements. earth, water, fire, wind, air. 오도송(悟道頌) Enlightenment poem. 오매일여 : Continuos awareness whether awake or asleep. 오온(五蘊) The five aggregates.(s)Pancaskanda. The fundamental constituents of a living being; 1) name and formation.form-색 2) feeling.-수 3) perception.-상 4) actions. -행 5) consciousness-식 와불(臥佛) Reclining Buddha. 왕생(往生) transmigration. reborn. 요사(療舍) Monk's living quarters. 요사채: dormitory 요령 handbell. 욕(慾) desire. thirst. 욕계(欲界) the world of desire. 욕불식: Bathing the baby Buddha ceremony 欲心; A desirous, covetous, passionate or lusful heart. 欲樂; The joy of the five desires 용(龍) a dragon. 용왕(龍王) The Dragon King. 운판(雲版) cloud shaped gong. 운수행각: pilgrimage 원(願) 원력(願力) aspiration. power of vow. 원주스님: proctor 유나: rector 유식(唯識) consciousness only. 유정 : sentient beings 육도(六道) The six realms.The Six destinies 1) Hell (beings).-지옥도 2) hungry ghost Realm-아귀도 3) animals Realm-축생도 4) fighting spirits-asuras . Realm of Fighting Spirits-수라도 5). human(beings)Realm-인간도 6) Heavens (heavenly beings) -천도 육도윤회(六道輪廻) The six samsaric destinies. 육바라밀(六婆羅蜜) six perfections. (generosity. morality. patience. energy. meditation. wisdom) 六處 : Five sense organs and the mind. 윤회(輪廻) (s)samsara. transmigration. cycle of rebirth. The endless round of rebirth. reincarnation. 율(律) vinaya. orders. 율사(律師) vinaya master. 율장(律藏) vinaya pitaka. 은사: vocation master 음력 : Chinese/lunar calendar 응진각(應眞閣) hall of the Arahat. "이뭣고(이것이 무엇인고 : shihshenma) 'what is this?' " What is it?'who am I?' (Phrase is said to come from a meeting between Huineng and Nan-yueh Huai-jang described in the Yuan Dynasty recension of the Platform Sutra. In Korea, '이뭤고' is believed to be the basic question underlying all koans. 이기심(利己心) selfish thoughts. 인(因) cause. reason. 인가(認可) recognition. 인과(因果) cause and effect. Cause and effect every cause has its effect as every effect arises from a cause. 因果應報 : Karmic result. Corresponding retribution for one's actions to the law of cause and effect. 인연(因緣) karmic affinity/ causes and conditions ; Hetupratyaya, cause; causes; 因 hetu, is primay cause 緣 pratayaya, secondary cause or causes, e.g. a seed is 因 rain dew, farmer, etc, are 緣 인욕(忍辱) patience. 일심(一心) One Mind. 일여(一如) non-duality. 一乘: Ekayana, One yana, the One yana the vhicle of one-ncss. 一佛乘 The one Buddha - Yana. The One vehiclc, i.e. Mahayana, which contains the final or complete law of the Buddha and not merely a part, or preliminary stage, as in Hinayana Mohayuanists claim it as the perfect and only way to the shore of parinirvana it is especially the doctrine of the 法華經 Lotus Scripture v. 大乘. 11之珠 The pearl of the one, Yana, i.c. The Lotus Scripture. 11圓宗The Tientai, or Lotus School of the perfect teaching, or the one vehide; V. 天台宗.11家. The one-vehide family or sect especially the Tien-tai or Lotus School. 11法(門) The one-vehicle method as revealed in the Lotus Sutra. 究貫敎The One vehicle in its final teaching, especially as found in the Lotus sutra. 11經; 11妙典(or 文) Another name for the Lotus sutra so called because it deelares the one way of salvation the perfact Mahayana. 11菩提 The one-vehicle enlighten ment or 11華嚴 Avatamsaka Schod; v. 五敎 一心: With the whole mind or heart; one mind or heart; also the bhutatathata, or the whole of thins; the universe as one mind or a spiritual unity, 稱名 With undivided mind to call on the name. 一切: Sarva. All, the whole; 普遍, 具 一切如來: Sarvatathagata, all Tathafatas, all the Buddhas. 一切處: Samanta, Everywhere, universal; a universal dhyana, 無不相應眞言 The shinon or "True word" that responds everywhere. 一時: Ekasmin samaye [Pali;ckamsamayam];on one accasion, part of the usual opening phrase of a sutra-Thus have I heard .Once, ctc. A period, e.g.a session of expounding a sutra. 入定: To enter meditation by tranguil lizing the bady, mouth, and mind.身口意 入寂: To enter into rest,or nirvana;also,to die, Also 入滅 or 入寂滅 일주문(一柱門) one pillar gate/ single beam gate 입승 succentor 의식 : Buddhist rituals
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자리이타(自利利他) by benefitting oneself, one benefits others. 자비(慈悲) compassion. 자성(自性) self nature. The fundamental essence phenomenon. 자성청정(自性淸淨) the original purity of one's self nature. 自恣 :(s)Pravarana. Confession and repentance of misdeeds. A ceremony held during the last day of the summer retreat 장경각(藏經閣) the monastery library. 장군죽비: huge warning stick 장로(長老) Elder. 장삼(長衫) ceremonial robe. formal robe. 장엄(莊嚴) solemnity. sublimity. 장자불와: never lying down to sleep 재무: treasurer 재생 : revival. rebirth a return to life. 저녁예불 : evening service 적멸보궁(寂滅寶宮) Temple that keeps Buddha's reliquary. 전각: shrine hall 전계 아사리: preceptor (전)등록: lamp anthologies (Chen-lu) 전법(傳法) transmission. Formal, public conderal of a master's teaching to someone who has already received inka. Official recognition of the student's ability to teach others. 전생 Previous life. a former life 전생설화(前生說話) The Jataka tales 절 : temple 절 bow. prostration. 정(定) samadhi. concentration. 正覺; Sambodhi, the wisdom or omniscience of a Buddha. 정견(正見) right understanding/ view ; Samyagdrsti, right view, understading the four noble truths; the first of the 八正道: "knowledge of the four noble truths. "keith. 정념(正念) right mindfulness.; Samyaksmrti, right remembrance the seventh of the 八正道; "right mindfulness the looking on the body and the spirit in such a way as to remain ordent. self-possessed and minidful having overcome both hankering and dejection "Keith. 正等覺; Samyagvuddhi, or-bbodhi ; the perfect universal wisdom of a buddha. 정명(正命) right livelihood.; Samyagajiva, the fiffth of the 八正道, right livelihood, right life : 'asstaining from any of the fobidden modes of living." 정사(正思) right thought. 正思惟; Samyaksamkalpa, right thought and intent, the second of the 八正道; "right aspiration towards renunciation. benevolence and kindness. "keith. 정어(正語) right speech.; Samyagvak, right speech; the third of the 八正道; "abstaining from lying, slander, abuse, and idle talk. "Keith. 정업(正業) right action. ; Samyakkarmanta. righ action purity of body avoiding all wrong, the fourth of the 八正道; "right action, abstaining from taking life, or what is not fiven or from carnal indulgence. "keith. 정정(正定) right concentration.; Samyaksamadhi. right astractions or concentration so that the mind become vacant and recepttive the eighth of the 八正道: "right concentration, in the shape of the Four Meditations." Keith. 正智; Samyaksambuddha 三 三佛陀; omniscience, completely enlightened the universal knowledge of a buddha. hence he is the 海 ocean of omniscience. Also 覺; 等正覺 정정진(正精進) right effort. Samyagvyayama. right effort, zeal or progress. unitermitting perseverance, the sixth of the 八正道; "right effort to suppress the sising of evil states to eradicate those which have arisen to stimulate good states and to perfect those which have come into being. " Keith. 정진하다 : practice meditation/spirtual exercise 제석(帝釋) the king of the Heaven. 조계종(曹溪宗) Chogye Order. 조사(祖師) patriarch. 조사당(祖師堂) the hall of patriarchs. 祖師禪 : Zen of the Patriarchs 조실: guiding teacher 종각(鐘閣) bell tower 종고루: Bell and drum tower 종교 : a religion, a faith./ a religious man(종교인) 종단 : Order 종무소(宗務所) temple office. 종무소: office 종정(宗正) supreme patriarch. 宗派 : A sect. Sectarian 좌복 cushion. seat. 좌선(坐禪) sitting meditation. 주력 : sayings of the Buddha or great masters - often written by masters in special calligraphy 주지(主旨) abbot. 죽림정사 : The first Buddhist temple 죽비(竹 ) Chukbi/ bamboo clapper. 중강: assistant 중도(中道) The middle path. : The "mean" has various interpretions in general it denotes the mean betweeen taio extremes, and has special reference to the mean between realism and nihilism or eternal subgtantial existence ald annihilation between the two, suggesting the idea of a realm of mind or spirit beyond the terminobgy of 有 or 無 substance or noting or that which has form and is there are measurable and ponderable,. 중음(中陰) intermediate stage/ state. 증사: witness 중생 : (s)Sattva. Sentient beings 지옥(地獄) hell. 지장보살(地藏菩薩) Ksitigarbha, Earth Store Bodhisattva. 지장전(地藏殿) Ksitigarbha hall. Hall of the hell. 지전 스님: verger 지혜(智慧) wisdom. 직세 스님: proctor 집착(執着) attachment.
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찰나(刹那) an instant. 참선(參禪) Zen meditation 참선(하다) : meditation/to practice 창설자 : founding man 창건하다 : praising Buddha 천상천하 유아독존: In heaven and on earth, I alone am foremost. 천태종(天台宗) T'ient'ai sect. 청신남(淸信男) a male Buddhist. 청신녀(淸信女) a female Buddhist. 청중 disciplinarian 초발심자경문: Admonitions to Beginners 촉(觸) touch. contact. 촛대: candle holder 총림(叢林) monastic teaching center. 총무: prior 총무원(總務院) Headquarters of the Order. 축원: supplication 축원을 하다: chant a supplication recite a (special) prayer 출가(出家) renunciation. Pravraj; to leave hoime and bewcome a monk or nun. Going forth from one's home into the homeless life. Becoming a monastic 출가하다 : entering the Buddhist priesthood 취(取) grasp. 치(恥) ignorance/ delusion 치문경훈: the Adminitions to the Gray-robed Monks 칠보(七寶) the seven precious gems. 칠성각(七星閣) shrine hall of the Seven stars(Big Dipper)
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큰 法堂; The Big Main Hall
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탐(貪) greed. 탑(塔) stupa. pagoda. 탱화(幀畵) Buddhist wall painting. 토굴 : private residence
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파계(破戒) breaking the precepts. 팔고(八苦) eight sufferings. (Suffering of birth, old age, sickness, death, being apart with the loved ones, together with the despised ones, not getting what want, flourishing of the body.) 八相 : Depiction of the eight main events of the Buddha's life eight paintings of Sakyamuni's Life-often placed somewhere in the back of the Main Hall. 1) 도솔내의상: The Buddha descending in a white elephant from the Tusita Heaven 2) Buddha entering maya's womb-룸비니 동산에서 탄생하는 모습 3) 사문유관상: Birth 4) Renunciation-성을 넘어 출가하는 모습 5) 설산수도상: Surrender of the Demons 6) 항마촉진상: Enlightenment 7) 초전법륜상: Turning the wheel of the law 8) Entering paranirvana-사라쌍수 아래에서 열반에 드는 모습 팔상도(八相圖) pictures of the eight main events of the Buddha's life. 팔만대장경(八萬大藏經) Tipitaka Koreana. 팔상전(八相殿) hall of eight pictures 팔정도(八正道) Noble Eightfold Path. (right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.) 포교(布敎) preaching, propagation. 포교당(布敎堂) Buddhist center/ missionary center 포교하다 : propagate. spread Dharma. 포살(布薩) confession (s)Uposadha, posadha, upavasatha, upavasa, Confession and repentance ceremony held during the full moon and the new moon. 피안(彼岸) nirvana/ other shore 풍경(風磬) wind bell. 풍수지리(風水地理) geomancy. 八正道(分): Aryamarga, The eight right or correct ways the "eightfold noble path for the arhat to nirvana; also styled. 八道船, 八正門, 八由行, 八遊行, 八聖道支, 八道行, 八直行, 八直道, The eight are : (1)正見 samyag-arsti, correct views in regard to the Four Axioms and frecdom from the common delusion, (2)正思 samyak-samkal pa, eorrect thought and purpose (3)正言 samyag-vac, correct speach avoidance of false and idle talk (4)正業 samyak-karmanta, correct dead, or conduct, getting rid of all improper action so as to dwell in purity (5)正命 Samyag ajiva, correct livelihood or occupation, avoiding the five immoral occupations (6)正精進 Samyag-vjajama correct zeal or energy in uninterrupted progreee in the way of nirvana (7)正念 Samyak, smrti, correct remcm brance, or memory, which retains the true and excludes the false (8)正定 Samyak-samadhi, correct meditation, abscortion, or anbstraction.
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하심(下心) humble minded. 하안거(夏安居) summer retreat season. 합장(合掌) palms together : To put hands together, Buddhist greeting putting palms together 합장하다 : bow with hands joined/folded 항하(恒河) the Ganges river in India. 해우소: toilet 해인도: ocean-seal chart 해제 기간: free season 해탈 : emancipation 해탈문(解脫門) gate of the Liberation . The Gate of Nirvana 행(行) karma. 1. Action. Praxis 2.(s)Pratipatti. Buddhist cultivation. Bodhisattva action. 행자(行者) postulant ; An abbot's attendant ; also acarin, performing the duties of disciple. 行住坐臥; Walking, standing, sitting, lying-in every state 행정승: office monks 행주좌와(行住坐臥) walking, standing, sitting down, lying. 향로(香爐) incense burner. 향로: incense holder 향(피우다): to offer(burn, light) incense 헌향(獻香) offering an incense. 현교(顯敎) Exoteric Buddhism 혜안(慧眼) the eye of wisdom. 호국불교(護國佛敎) Buddhism for national protection. 호법장군: dharma-general 화(化) transformation. 화두: critical phrase A koan's 'critical phrase/, the 'punch-line' of a koan(According to the folk etymology, the term literally means the 'head of speech', This is wrong. '頭' is merely a grammatical partical) kind of riddles and paradoxical sayings by zen masters. 和尙 : (s)Upadhyaya. A buddhist monk 화신(化身) transformed body. 화엄경(華嚴經) Flower Garland Sutra. 화장/다비 : cremation 환생 : reincarnation. rebirth, revival. be born again, come back to life. cycle of rebirth 환속(還俗) returning to lay life. secession from the order 환속하다: secede from the order 후불탱화(後佛幀畵) main platform painting. 후원: reflectory 回向 : Transference of merit
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