PART 3 // chapter 5-5

[모나리자]

"나는 틀리지 않아. 나는 그들의 팸플릿을 보여줄게. 그 팸플릿에 있는 모든 것은 '환경의 영향'이고, 그 외의 것은 없어. 그들이 가장 좋아하는 문구야! 거기서 사회가 정상적으로 조직된다면, 모든 범죄가 즉시 사라질 거야. 왜냐하면 항의할 것이 없고 모든 사람이 순식간에 의롭게 될 테니까. 인간 본성은 고려되지 않고, 배제되고, 존재해서는 안 돼!

그들은 인류가 역사적 삶의 과정을 통해 발전하면서 마침내 정상적인 사회가 될 것이라는 걸 인정하지 않고, 어떤 수학적 두뇌에서 나온 사회 시스템이 모든 인류를 한꺼번에 조직하고 순식간에 정의롭고 죄 없는 존재로 만들 것이라고 믿어. 어떤 삶의 과정보다 더 빨리!

그래서 그들은 본능적으로 역사를 싫어해. '그 안에는 추함과 어리석음만 있을 뿐이야.' 그리고 그들은 그것을 모두 어리석음으로 설명하지! 그래서 그들은 삶의 살아있는 과정을 그렇게 싫어해. 그들은 살아있는 영혼을 원하지 않아! 살아있는 영혼은 생명을 요구하고, 영혼은 기계의 규칙을 따르지 않으며, 영혼은 의심의 대상이며, 영혼은 퇴보적입니다! 하지만 그들이 원하는 것은 죽음의 냄새가 나고 인도 고무로 만들어질 수 있지만, 적어도 살아 있지 않고, 의지가 없으며, 노예적이고 반항하지 않습니다! 그리고 결국 그들은 모든 것을 팔랑스테르의 벽을 쌓고 방과 통로를 계획하는 것으로 축소합니다!


팔랑스테르가 준비되었지만, 당신의 인간 본성은 팔랑스테르에 대한 준비가 되지 않았습니다. 생명을 원하고, 생명 과정을 완료하지 않았으며, 묘지에는 너무 이릅니다! 논리로 자연을 건너뛸 수 없습니다. 논리는 세 가지 가능성을 전제하지만, 수백만 가지가 있습니다! 백만 가지를 잘라내고, 그것을 모두 편안함의 문제로 축소하십시오! 그것이 문제에 대한 가장 쉬운 해결책입니다! 그것은 유혹적으로 명확하고 당신은 그것에 대해 생각하지 않아야 합니다.

그것이 위대한 일입니다, 당신은 생각하지 않아야 합니다! 두 페이지 분량의 인쇄물에 담긴 삶의 모든 비밀!” “이제 그는 떠나서 북을 두드리고 있어! 그를 붙잡아, 해!” 포르피리가 웃었다. “상상해 보세요.” 그는 라스콜니코프에게 돌아섰다. “어젯밤에 한 방에서 여섯 사람이 그렇게 떠드는 걸, 펀치를 예고로! 아니, 형님, 당신은 틀렸어요. 환경은 범죄에서 큰 비중을 차지해요. 저는 확신시켜드릴 수 있어요.”

“아, 그렇죠. 하지만 말씀해 보세요. 40대 남자가 10대 아이를 폭행하는 거요. 환경이 그를 그렇게 만들었나요?” “엄밀히 말하면 그렇습니다.” 포르피리가 주목할 만큼 엄숙하게 말했다. “그런 성격의 범죄는 환경의 영향에 기인하는 게 틀림없습니다.” 라주미힌은 거의 미칠 지경이었다. “아, 원한다면요.” 그는 소리쳤다. "당신의 하얀 속눈썹이 이반 대제의 교회가 250피트나 되는 데 기인할 수 있다는 것을 증명해 보이겠습니다. 그리고 그것을 명확하고 정확하게, 점진적으로, 심지어 자유주의적 경향으로 증명해 보이겠습니다!

약속합니다! 내기를 걸겠습니까?" "됐어요! 그가 어떻게 증명할지 들어보죠!" "그는 항상 속이고, 그를 혼란스럽게 해요." 라주미힌이 뛰어올라 손짓하며 소리쳤다. "당신과 이야기하는 게 무슨 소용이 있어요? 그는 의도적으로 그런 짓을 다 해요. 당신은 그를 모르잖아요, 로디온! 그는 어제 그들의 편을 들었고, 그저 그들을 바보로 만들기 위해서였어요. 그리고 그가 어제 한 말들! 그리고 그들은 기뻐했어요! 그는 2주 동안 함께 할 수 있어요. 작년에 그는 수도원에 간다고 우리를 설득했어요. 그는 2개월 동안 그것을 고수했어요. 얼마 전에 그는 결혼할 거라고 선언하고, 결혼식을 위해 모든 것을 준비했다고 생각했어요.

그는 정말로 새 옷을 주문했어요. 우리는 모두 그를 축하하기 시작했습니다. 신부도 없고, 아무것도 없고, 순전히 환상이었어요!" "아, 틀렸네요! 저는 그 옷을 전에 샀어요. 사실 새 옷 때문에 당신을 데려가려고 생각했어요." "당신은 그렇게 잘 속이는 사람이야?" 라스콜니코프가 부주의하게 물었습니다.

"당신은 그럴 리가 없겠죠? 잠깐만요, 저도 데려가야겠어요. 하하하! 아니, 사실대로 말할게요. 범죄, 환경, 아이들에 대한 이 모든 질문은 제게 당시 관심을 끌었던 당신의 기사를 떠올리게 합니다.

'범죄에 관하여'... 그런 종류의 글이었나, 제목은 기억이 나지 않지만, 두 달 전에 Periodical Review에서 즐겁게 읽었어요." "제 기사요? Periodical Review에 실렸어요?" 라스콜니코프가 놀라서 물었습니다. "대학을 졸업하고 6개월 전에 책에 대한 기사를 썼지만, Weekly Review에 보냈어요." "하지만 Periodical에 실렸어요." "그리고 주간 리뷰는 더 이상 존재하지 않았기 때문에 당시에는 인쇄되지 않았습니다."

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“I am not wrong. I’ll show you their pamphlets. Everything with them is ‘the influence of environment,’ and nothing else. Their favourite phrase! From which it follows that, if society is normally organised, all crime will cease at once, since there will be nothing to protest against and all men will become righteous in one instant. Human nature is not taken into account, it is excluded, it’s not supposed to exist!

They don’t recognise that humanity, developing by a historical living process, will become at last a normal society, but they believe that a social system that has come out of some mathematical brain is going to organise all humanity at once and make it just and sinless in an instant, quicker than any living process!

That’s why they instinctively dislike history, ‘nothing but ugliness and stupidity in it,’ and they explain it all as stupidity! That’s why they so dislike the living process of life; they don’t want a living soul! The living soul demands life, the soul won’t obey the rules of mechanics, the soul is an object of suspicion, the soul is retrograde! But what they want though it smells of death and can be made of India-rubber, at least is not alive, has no will, is servile and won’t revolt! And it comes in the end to their reducing everything to the building of walls and the planning of rooms and passages in a phalanstery!

The phalanstery is ready, indeed, but your human nature is not ready for the phalanstery—it wants life, it hasn’t completed its vital process, it’s too soon for the graveyard!

You can’t skip over nature by logic. Logic presupposes three possibilities, but there are millions! Cut away a million, and reduce it all to the question of comfort!  That’s the easiest  solution of the problem! It’s seductively clear and you musn’t think about it.

That’s the great thing, you mustn’t think! The whole secret of life in two pages of print!” “Now he is off, beating the drum! Catch hold of him, do!” laughed Porfiry. “Can you imagine,” he turned to Raskolnikov, “six people holding forth like that last night, in one room, with punch as a preliminary! No, brother, you are wrong, environment accounts for a great deal in crime; I can assure you of that.”

“Oh, I know it does, but just tell me: a man of forty violates a child of ten; was it environment drove him to it?” “Well, strictly speaking, it did,” Porfiry observed with noteworthy gravity; “a crime of that nature may be very well ascribed to the influence of environment.” Razumihin was almost in a frenzy. “Oh, if you like,” he roared. “I’ll prove to you that your white eyelashes may very well be ascribed to the Church of Ivan the Great’s being two hundred and fifty feet high, and I will prove it clearly, exactly, progressively, and even with a Liberal tendency!

I undertake to! Will you bet on it?” “Done! Let’s hear, please, how he will prove it!” “He is always humbugging, confound him,” cried Razumihin, jumping up and gesticulating. “What’s the use of talking to you? He does all that on purpose; you don’t know him, Rodion! He took their side yesterday, simply to make fools of them. And the things he said yesterday! And they were delighted! He can keep it up for a fortnight together. Last year he persuaded us that he was going into a monastery: he stuck to it for two months. Not long ago he took it into his head to declare he was going to get married, that he had everything ready for the wedding.

He ordered new clothes indeed. We all began to congratulate him. There was no bride, nothing, all pure fantasy!” “Ah, you are wrong! I got the clothes before. It was the new clothes in fact that made me think of taking you in.” “Are you such a good dissembler?” Raskolnikov asked carelessly.

“You wouldn’t have supposed it, eh? Wait a bit, I shall take you in, too. Ha-ha-ha! No, I’ll tell you the truth. All these questions about crime, environment, children, recall to my mind an article of yours which interested me at the time.

‘On Crime’... or something of the sort, I forget the title, I read it with pleasure two months ago in the Periodical Review.” “My article? In the Periodical Review?” Raskolnikov asked in astonishment. “I certainly did write an article upon a book six months ago when I left the university, but I sent it to the Weekly Review.” “But it came out in the Periodical.” “And the Weekly Review ceased to exist, so that’s why it wasn’t printed at the time.”