(B3) 모든 암에 효과가 있는 영지버섯과 녹차 추출물-Clinical Studies Report

[건강지키미]

아래의 문서(영문 자료라서 죄송)를 참고하시고

출석 인사 및 한줄 메모장'에 쓴  "건강지키미"의 글을 보시고, 동감하시는지요?

저는 100%는 아니지만 60~70%는 좋아진다는 생각을 가지고 있습니다.

실제로 말기암 판정을 받고 6개월에 한번만 검사받으면서 하고 싶은 거,

먹고싶은 거 다 먹으면서 잘 살고 있습니다. 골프, 당구 등등.

아래의 2가지 보다 더욱더 필요하고도 중요한 것이 있습니다.

그리고 의사들이 권하는 음식이 가지고 있는 항암성분을 캡슐에 담아 놓았습니다.

자료가 필요하시면 hbdhan@daum.net 으로 메일 주세요.

메일로 자료 보내드립니다.

           Reishi mushroom extract and Green tea extract

                    (영지버섯과 녹차 추출물) 

Journal reference:
Thyagarajan A, Zhu J, Sliva D. Combined effect of green tea and Ganoderma lucidum on invasive behavior of
breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology. 2007 Apr;30(4):963-9.

Reishi mushroom extract and green tea extract used by Thyagarajan et al. in their 2007 publication:
ReishiMaxGLp, and Tegreen 97, [PX (Provo, UT)]

                          Combined effect of green tea and Ganoderma lucidum on
                               invasive behavior of breast cancer cells
                                                          

                                                               ABSTRACT

Epidemiological studies have suggested that consumption of green tea may decrease the risk of a
variety of cancers. In addition, mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been used for the promotion
of health, longevity and treatment of cancer in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study
we show that extract from green tea (GTE) increased the anticancer effect of G. lucidum extract
(GLE) on cell proliferation (anchorage-dependent growth) as well as colony formation
(anchorage-independent growth) of breast cancer cells. This effect was mediated by the downregulation
of expression‎‍ of oncogene c-myc in MDA-MB-231 cells. Although individual GTE
and GLE independently inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, their
combination demonstrated a synergistic effect, which was mediated by the suppression of
secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) from breast cancer cells. Our study suggests
the potential use of combined green tea and G. lucidum extracts for the suppression of growth
and invasiveness of metastatic breast cancers.

The following study was presented at the Experimental Biology Meeting, Washington, DC. May 1, 2007.

This same abstract is available at the following internet link:

Publication reference:
Chen W1, Zhang Y1, Tan N1, Qi Y2, Zhu JS3,. Synergy of Ganoderma lucidum extract ReishiMax and

Green tea polyphenols Tegreen in anti-cancer in a S180-inoculation model. FASEB J. Meeting Abstracts,

2007, 21(6): Abstract# 852.3.

1 Pharmanex Beijing Pharmacology Center, 2 Xinkang Street, Beijing, 100088, China, People’s Republic of,
2 Pharmanex Shanghai R&D Center, 572 Bipo Road, 116-11, Shanghai, 201203, China, People’s Republic of,
3 Clincial Pharmacology, Pharmanex Research Institute, 2 Xinkang Street, Beijing, 0, 84601

Reishi mushroom extract and green tea extract used by Chen et al. in their 2007 publication: ReishiMaxGLp, and Tegreen 97, [PX (Provo, UT)]

          Synergy of Ganoderma lucidum extract ReishiMax and green tea polyphenols
                        Tegreen in anti-cancer in a S180-inoculation model

                                                         ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum (GL, or Reishi) and green tea have been used as folk medicines in China for
cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy. Screening of commercial GL products showed that
ReishiMax (RM) is superior to other commercial products in inhibiting cancer malignancy (Sliva,
J Altern Compl Med 2003, 9:491). RM or Tegreen (TG; containing >98% tea polyphenols)
inhibits the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasive behaviors of human breast
cancer cells (Sliva, Acta Pharmacol Sinica 2006, suppl.1:338). The inhibitory effects were
enhanced profoundly by combining RM & TG. Chemical comparisons showed higher amounts of
triterpenes and polysaccharides and more triterpene species in RM. Immune profiling
demonstrated that RM enhances proliferations of macrophages, B, T and NK lymphocytes. It
increases serum IgA, IgG & IgM, and IL2 secretion, but decreases IL5 secretion. In vivo studies
were conducted to confirm‎‍ the synergistic effects of the 2 anti-cancer herbs in cancer mice
inoculated with S180 sarcoma cells. Treatment with RM+TG for 12 days delayed the death of
S180-innoculated mice and reduced the death risk in this early malignant phase after S180-
inoculation, compared to controls. The data demonstrates synergy in vivo of RM and TG in antisarcoma,
suggesting potential therapeutic values for cancer prevention and adjuvant cancer
treatment in humans.

Publication reference:
Sliva, D, and Thyagararjan, A., Combined inhibition of invasive behavior of metastatic breast cancer cells by
Ganoderma lucidum and green tea. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica [Abstracts of the 15th World Congress of
Pharmacology, July 2-7, 2006, Beijing, China] 2006 July; Supplement 1:1-489. (pg. 338).

Reishi mushroom extract and green tea extract used by Thyagarajan et al. in their 2006 publication:
ReishiMaxGLp, and Tegreen 97, [PX (Provo, UT)]

             Combined inhibition of invasive behavior of metastatic breast cancer
                            cells by Ganoderma lucidum and green tea.

Daniel Sliva1,2,3 and Anita Thyagarajan1. 1Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, 1800 N
Capitol Ave, E504, Indianapolis, 2Department of Medicine, and 3Indiana University Cancer Center, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

                                                   ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to eval‎‍uate the combined effects of dietary supplements
consisting of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and green tea (GT) extracts on human breast cancer cells
MDA-MB-231. The effect on growth was eval‎‍uated by the inhibition of cell proliferation
(anchorage-dependent growth) and colony formation (anchorage-independent growth), whereas
the effect on invasive behavior was eval‎‍uated by the inhibition of cell adhesion to vitronectin,
cell migration and cell invasion through matrigel. GL as well as GT inhibited proliferation and
colony formation of MDA-MB- 231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects were
profoundly enhanced by the combination of GL/GT. In addition, the combination of GL/GT
demonstrated synergism against invasive behavior of breast cancer cells. The inhibition of cell
invasiveness (adhesion, migration invasion) is mediated through the urokinaseplasminogen
activator (uPA), since GT, GL as well as GT/GL suppressed secretion of uPA. In summary,
combination of G. lucidum and green tea extracts could be considered in the prevention/therapy
of breast cancer.

Keywords: G. lucidum, tea, cancer.

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Pharmanex LLC.

Journal reference:
Thyagarajan A, Jiang J, Hopf A, Adamec J, Sliva D. Inhibition of oxidative stress-induced invasiveness

of cancer cells by Ganoderma lucidum is mediated through the suppression of interleukin-8 secretion.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2006 Oct;18(4):657-64.

Reishi extract used by Thyagarajan et al. in their 2006 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

             Inhibition of oxidative stress-induced invasiveness of cancer cells by
      Ganoderma lucidum is mediated through the suppression of interleukin-8 secretion
                             

                                        ABSTRACT

Epidemiological studies suggest that the intake of natural/nutrient products is inversely related to
cancer risk. While oxidative stress, generating reactive oxygen species, has been linked to cancer
initiation and progression, dietary antioxidants have reduced the risk of certain cancers.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that antioxidants and phytochemicals could prevent
cancer metastasis, and antioxidants were suggested as adjuvants in cancer therapy. Ganoderma
lucidum is an Asian medicinal mushroom that has been used for the past two thousand years for
the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. G. lucidum is currently popular as a dietary
supplement in the form of tea, powder or extract. We have previously demonstrated that G.
lucidum suppresses growth, angiogenesis and invasiveness of highly invasive and metastatic
breast cancer cells. The present study was undertaken to eval‎‍uate the effect of G. lucidum on
oxidative stress-induced metastatic behavior of poorly-invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We
show that G. lucidum inhibits oxidative stressinduced migration of MCF-7 cells by the downregulation
of MAPK signaling. G. lucidum suppressed oxidative stress stimulated
phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (Erk1/2), which resulted in the
down-regulation of expression‎‍ of c-Fos, and in the inhibition of transcription factors AP-1 and
NF-κB. The biological effect of G. lucidum on cell migration was mediated by the suppression of
secretion of interleukin-8 from MCF-7 cells exposed to oxidative stress. In summary, our results
suggest that G. lucidum inhibits the oxidative stress-induced invasive behavior of breast cancer
cells by modulating Erk1/2 signaling and can be potentially considered as an antioxidant in
adjuvant cancer therapy.

The following study was presented at the Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting in San Francisco,

CA. April 1-5, 2006. This same abstract is available at the following internet link:
http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/20/5/A1012-

Publication reference:
Thyagarajan, A1., Jiang, J1., Stanley, G1., Sliva, D1,2. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits oxidative stress-induced
invasiveness of cancer cells through the suppression of interleiken-8 (IL-8) secretion. FASEB J., 2006; 20(5):

A1012, Abstract# 652.6.

1 Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, 1800 N Capitol Ave, E504, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202,
2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202

Reishi mushroom extract used by Thyagarajan et al. in their 2006 publication:

ReishiMaxGLp [PX(Provo, UT)]

      Ganoderma lucidum inhibits oxidative stress-induced invasiveness of cancer cells
                     through the suppression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion

                                            ABSTRACT

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the intake of natural/nutrient products is
inversely related to cancer risk, and dietary antioxidants can reduce the risk of certain cancers.
Ganoderma lucidum is an Asian medicinal mushroom that has been used for the treatment of
various diseases including cancer. We have previously demonstrated that G. lucidum suppresses
growth, angiogenesis and invasiveness of highly metastatic breast cancer cells. The present study
was undertaken to eval‎‍uate the effect of G. lucidum on oxidative stress-induced metastatic
behavior of poorly-invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Here, we show that G. lucidum inhibits
oxidative stress-induced migration of MCF-7 cells by the down-regulation of MAPK signaling.
G. lucidum suppressed oxidative stress stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which resulted in
the down-regulation of expression‎‍ of c-Fos, followed by the inhibition of transcription factor AP-
1. The biological effect of G. lucidum on cell migration was mediated by the suppression of
secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from MCF-7 cells. In summary, our results suggest that G.
lucidum inhibit oxidative stress-induced invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating
of MAPK signaling and could be potentially considered as an antioxidant in adjuvant cancer
therapy.

Journal reference:
Jiang, J., Slivova, V., Harvey, V., Valachovicova, T., and Sliva, D. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits

proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling.

International Journal of Oncology, 2006, 29, 695–703.

Reishi extract used by Jiang et al. in their 2006 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

             Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells

                        through the inhibition of Akt/NF-κB signaling

                                            ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum, an oriental medical mushroom, has been used in Asia for the prevention
and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. We have previously demonstrated that
G. lucidum inhibits growth and induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through the inhibition of
Akt/NF-κB signaling in estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells. However, the
molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum on the proliferation
of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells
remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that G. lucidum inhibited the proliferation of breast
cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by the modulation of the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-
κB signaling. Thus, G. lucidum down-regulated the expression‎‍ of ERα in MCF-7 cells but did
not affect the expression‎‍ of ERβ in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, G. lucidum
inhibited estrogen-dependent as well as constitutive transactivation activity of ER through
estrogen response element (ERE) in a reporter gene assay. G. lucidum decreased TNF-α-induced
(MCF-7) as well as constitutive (MDA-MB-231) activity of NF-κB. The inhibition of ER and
NF-κB pathways resulted in the down-regulation of expression‎‍ of c-myc, finally suppressing
proliferation of estrogen-dependent as well as estrogen-independent cancer cells. Collectively,
these results suggest that G. lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells and
contain biologically active compounds with specificity against estrogen receptor and NF-κB
signaling, and implicate G. lucidum as a suitable herb for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of
breast cancer.

Journal reference:
Jiang, J., Slivova, V., Harvey, V., Valachovicova, T., and Sliva, D. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth

of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of Akt/NF-κB signaling. Nutrition and Cancer, 2004, 49(2), 209–216.

Reishi extract used by Jiang et al. in their 2004 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

            Ganoderma lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells

                       through the inhibition of Akt/NF-κB signaling

                                          ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi, Lingzhi) is a popular Asian mushroom that has been used for more
than 2 millennia for the general promotion of health and was therefore called the "Mushroom of
Immortality." Ganoderma lucidum was also used in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent or
treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. We previously demonstrated that Ganoderma
lucidum suppresses the invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the transcription
factor NF-kappaB. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of
Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of highly invasive and metastatic breast cancer cells has not
been fully elucidated. Here, we show that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of breast
cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. Ganoderma lucidum
suppresses phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and downregulates the expression‎‍ of Akt, which
results in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. The biological effect of
Ganoderma lucidum was demonstrated by cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, which was the result of the
downregulation of expression‎‍ of NF-kappaB-regulated cyclin D1, followed by the inhibition of
cdk4. Our results suggest that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast
cancer cells by modulating Akt/NF-kappaB signaling and could have potential therapeutic use
for the treatment of breast cancer.

Journal reference:
Slivovas, V., Valachoviciva, T., Jiang, J., Sliva, D. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits invasiveness of breast

cancer cells, Journal of Cancer Integrative Medicine, 2004; 2:1, pp. 25-30.

Reishi extract used by Slivova et al. in their 2004 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

          Ganderma lucidum inhibits invasiveness of breast cancer cells

                                    ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) is a popular Asian medical mushroom, which has been widely used
in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Although originally used as a
mushroom for longevity, the dried powder of Ganoderma lucidum was recommended as a cancer
chemotherapy agent in ancient China. Recent in vitro and animal studies have suggested that
Ganoderma lucidum exhibits anticancer activity, mainly through stimulation of the host immune
system by polysaccharides or by the cytotoxic effects of triterpenes. We have demonstrated that
purified spores or fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum down-regulated the expression‎‍ of
urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), which resulted in the
suppression of cell motility in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated how Ganoderma
lucidum, in the form of a dietary supplement, can modulate the metastatic behavior of the highly
invasive human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Our data demonstrate that Ganoderma
lucidum inhibits cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell invasion of highly metastatic breast
cancer cells. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum suppressed the anchorage-independent growth
(colony formation) of MDA-MB-231 cells. Based on these results, Ganoderma lucidum may
contribute to reducing invasion and metastasis of breast cancers by inhibiting cancer cell
adhesion, cell migration, cell invasion, and growth of cancer cells.

Journal reference:
Sliva, D., Sedlak, M., Slivova, V., Valachovicova, T., Lloyd, F., HO, NW., Biologic activity of spores and dried
powder from Ganoderma lucidum for the inhibition of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells.
Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2003; 9:4, pp. 491-497.

Study focus: Six reishi products were compared for their effects on human breast cancer cells and human

 prostate cancer cells

Excerpt from the article:
Interestingly, the sample containing powdered extract with spores (sample F) was the most potent in
inhibiting migration (99%).

ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)] is identified as “sample F” in this Sliva 2003 investigation.

        Biologic activity of spores and dried powder from Ganoderma lucidum
     for the inhibition of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells

                                     ABSTRACT

Objective: Ganoderma lucidum has been used in East Asia as a home remedy to prevent or cure
cancer. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum is one of the herbs in the herbal mixture PC-SPES that
has become an alternative herbal therapy for prostate cancer. Because the dried powder of
ganoderma is commercially available as a dietary supplement itself, the purpose of this study
was to eval‎‍uate the biologic activity of samples of Ganoderma lucidum from different sources.
Methods: Samples of Ganoderma lucidum were characterized morphologically and eval‎‍uated
for their ability to inhibit cell migration of highly invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and
prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Because the inhibition of cell motility is directly linked to the
inhibition of the signaling pathway for constitutively active NF-kB in breast and prostate cancer
cells, we determined how different samples of Ganoderma lucidum inhibit constitutively active
NF-kB in a reporter gene assay.
Results: Some of the samples of Ganoderma lucidum demonstrated strong inhibition of cancer
cell migration comparable to the inhibition of constitutively active NF-kB, whereas other
samples showed less or no activity in highly invasive estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
cells or androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells, respectively. Interestingly, we did not
find any correlation between the purity and composition (spores versus powder) of Ganoderma
lucidum and biologic activity.
Conclusions: Ganoderma lucidum has demonstrated strong activity against breast and prostate
cancer cells. Nevertheless, the composition of samples did not correlate with their ability to
inhibit cell migration and activation of NF-kB in vitro.

Journal reference:
Lu QYa, Jin YSb, Zhang Qa, Zhang Zc, Heber Da, Go VLa, Li FPd, Rao JYb. Ganoderma lucidum extracts

inhibit growth and induce actin polymerization in bladder cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Letters. 2004;216 (1):9-20.

aCenter for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,

Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,

Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
cDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
dDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Reishi extract used by Lu et al. in their 2004 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

                Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibit growth and induce actin
                         polymerization in bladder cancer cells in vitro

                                            ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate chemopreventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum using a
unique in vitro human urothelial cell (HUC) model consisted of HUC-PC cells and MTC-11
cells. Ethanol and water extracts of fruiting bodies and spores of the G. lucidum were used to
examine growth inhibition, actin polymerization status, and impact of actin remodeling
on cell migration and adhesion. Results showed that ethanol extracts had a stronger growth
inhibition effect than water extracts. Cell cycle analysis showed that the growth inhibition effect
was associated with G2/M arrest. At non-cytotoxic concentrations (40–80 mg/ml), these extracts
induced actin polymerization, which in turn inhibited carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl induced
migration in both cell lines. The increased actin polymerization was associated with increased
stress fibers and focal adhesion complex formation, however, expression‎‍ of matrix
metalloproteinase-2 and focal adhesion kinase (total and phospholated) were unchanged, which
suggests that other mechanisms may be involved.

© 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; Chemoprevention; Bladder cancer; Actin polymerization

The following study was presented at the Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting in Washington DC,

April 17-21, 2004. A full-length study write-up is not available.

Publication reference:
Lin, W.C., Wu, Y.W., Xie, M.C., Zhu, J.S., ReishiMax protects the liver and improves liver functions in an
experimental hepatitis model. FASEB J. 2004; 18(4): A999 (Abstract #650.7).

Reishi mushroom extract used by Lin et al. in their 2004 publication: ReishiMaxGLp

[PX(Provo, UT)]

              ReishiMax protects the liver and improves liver functions
                           in an experimental hepatitis model

                                         ABSTRACT

Literature reported that Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is capable of protecting the liver. This
study was to examine the liver-protecting functions of ReishiMax (RM), a proprietary product
containing both extract of G. lucidum fruit body and cracked spores of G. lucidum (Pharmanex).
CCl4 (20%, 0.5ml/rat) was used twice a week during the study to induce liver injury in rats. RM
was given daily by gavage at a dose of 208, 624, or 1664 mg/kg, started 1 week prior to the CCl4
injection, and continuously after initial CCl4 injection for 8 weeks. In vehicle controls, CCl4
caused liver injuries, featured with increases in serum GPT and GOT, liver collagen, and spleen
weight, and decreases in serum albumin and liver total protein. RM treatment reduced serum
transaminases (p<0.050.01) and liver collagen (p<0.01); prevented the reduction of serum
albumin (p<0.05) and liver total protein (p<0.05); reduced spleen weight (p<0.05).
Histopathology examination showed apparent improvement of liver structure in RM-treated rats.
Our results demonstrated that RM improves liver functions and prevents injury-associated liver
fibrosis in the chemical-induced liver injury rat model.

(Supported by a research grant from PX).

Journal reference:
Jiang, J., Slivova, V., Valachovicova, T., Harvey, K., Sliva, D. Ganderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and

 indices apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. International Journal of Oncology, 2003, 24: 1093-1099

Reishi extract used by Jiang et al. in their 2003 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

              Ganderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and indices apoptosis
                               in human prostate cancer cells PC-3

                                              ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), an oriental medical mushroom, has been widely used in Asian
countries for centuries to prevent or treat different diseases, including cancer. However, the
mechanism(s) responsible for the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer cells remain to be
elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum down-regulated the
expression‎‍ of NF-kappaB-regulated urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor
(uPAR), which resulted in suppression of cell migration of highly invasive human breast and
prostate cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cell
proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Our data
demonstrate that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent
manner by the down-regulation of expression‎‍ of cyclin B and Cdc2 and by the up-regulation of
p21 expression‎‍. The inhibition of cell growth was also demonstrated by cell cycle arrest at G2/M
phase. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells with a slight decrease
in the expression‎‍ of NF-kappaB-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. However, the expression‎‍ of
proapoptotic Bax protein was markedly up-regulated, resulting in the enhancement of the ratio of
Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xl. Thus, Ganoderma lucidum exerts its effect on cancer cells by
multiple mechanisms and may have potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of
cancer.

The following study was presented at the Experimental Biology Meeting, San Diego, CA. April 11-15, 2003.

 A fulllength study write-up is not available.

Publication reference:
Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Yin, W., Zhang, D., Guo, F., Zhu, JS. ReishiMax improves glucose metabolism in

normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. FASEB J., 17: A1099, 2003, Abstract# 689.4

Reishi mushroom extract used by Zhao et al. in their 2003 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX ]

  ReishiMax improves glucose metabolism in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats
                      

                                              ABSTRACT

ReishiMax (RM) is made of cracked spores of Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) and extract of
Reishi fruit body by use of proprietary manufacturing method, and is standardized to 13.5%
Reishi polysaccharides and 6% Triterpenes. We examined its function in improving glucose
metabolism in 2 animal models, normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. (1) 36 SD normal rats
were divided into a control and 2 RM (0.15 and 0.5 g/kg by gavage) groups. After 14 days, RM
improved oral glucose tolerance (p<0.01 AUC at 0.5 and 1 hr), and increased glucose-insulin
index (p=0.049) indicating improved insulin sensitivity. But fasting blood glucose (FBG) was
not altered in the normoglycemic rats. (2) STZ-induced diabetic rats with FBG 16-25 mmol/L
were selected and randomized to an STZ-diabetic control, and 2 RM (0.3 and 1.0 g/kg) groups,
along with a normal control group. After 28 days, RM decreased FBG (p=0.022) and improved
oral glucose tolerance (p–0.003~0.04 AUC). We conclude that ReishiMax improves glucose
metabolism in both normal and STZ-diabetic animal models.

Wang YY, Wong CH, et al. Studies of immuno-modulating and antitumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum

(Reishi) polysaccharides: Functional and proteomic analyses of a fucose-containing glycoprotein fraction

responsible for the activities. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2002;10:1057-1062.
Principal investigator: Chi-Huey Wong, PX Scientific Advisory Board member

Reishi extract used by Wang et al. in their 2002 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]
   

     Studies of immuno-modulating and antitumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi)
         polysaccharides: Functional and proteomic analyses of a fucose-containing
                         glycoprotein fraction responsible for the activities.

                                                 ABSTRACT

A fucose-containing glycoprotein fraction which stimulates spleen cell proliferation and cytokine
expression‎‍ has been identified from the water-soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Proteomic
analysis of mouse spleen cells treated with this glycoprotein fraction showed approximately 50%
change of the proteome. Further studies on the activities of this glycoprotein fraction through
selective proteolysis and glycosidic cleavage indicate that a fucose containing polysaccharide
fraction is responsible for stimulating the expression‎‍ of cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-2 and INFgamma.

Journal reference:
Ma J, Ye Q, Hua Y, Zhang D, Cooper R, Chang MN, Chang JY, Sun HH. New lanostanoids from the mushroom
Ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Natural Product, 2002 Jan;65(1):72-5.

Study focus: Three new active reishi compounds identified by PX scientist.

Reishi mushroom extract used by Ma et al. in their 2002 publication: ReishiMaxGLp [PX (Provo, UT)]

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