줄이나 끈을 뜻하는 rope와 string,cord,cable,silk,thread의 어원에 대하여 논리적으로 증명한다.

[나비우스]

rope (n.)

Old English rap "rope, cord, cable," from Proto-Germanic *raipaz 

(source also of Old Norse reip, West Frisian reap, Middle Dutch, 

Dutch reep "rope," Old Frisian silrap "shoe-thong," 

Gothic skauda-raip "shoe-lace," Old High German, German reif "ring, hoop")

l이나 r앞에는 kh가 생략이 되었으니 복원하면

공식이다.외워라~

khrope 

끌어삐(끌어버려의 경상도사투리)-->어원

cable 케이블 의 어원은?

잡을--->어원

줄의 용도도 잡는 것이다.

끄는 것이 당기는 것이다.

이게 바로 줄의 용도다.

그럼 ring의 어원은?

r이니까 kh붙이면

khring

굴은 구른 구르다 동그랗다는 고리 모양을 말한다.

그럼 cord는 어떻게 설명이 되나?

cord 

1. 끈, 노끈, 줄   2. = flex   3. = corduroy

끌다-->어원

줄의 용도 끄는 것 당기는 것이라 했다.

국어사전

끌다 

1. 바닥에 댄 채로 잡아당기다. 

2. 바퀴 달린 것을 움직이게 하다.

 3. 짐승을 부리다.

영어사전

끌다 

1. (마차·수레·자동차 등을) pull, draw; (무거운 것을) haul; (운전하다) drive

string 역시 마찬가지다.

근육이 당기면 땡기면 팽팽해지거나 긴장되어 뭉치게 된다.

string에 긴장이라는 뜻도 있다.

댕기다의 어근 댕- (어원)

당기다의 어근 당- (어원)

탱탱한의 어근 탱-(어원)

기타줄을 튕기다 할때 튕-

현악기 줄은 팽팽하다.

팅길때 그런 긴장감을 느낄 수가 있고 튕길때 그 줄이 바이브레이션을 

일으키며  떨리는 것이다.

어원을 이해하기 위한 기초 발음연습하자!

발음연습 1

din 불어에서 뎅

tin 불어에서 텡

pin 불어에서 펭

한자로 팽팽할,긴 긴장할,긴 緊 이다.

북경어 진 chin  jin 등으로 발음이 된다.

받침 n<-->ng 비음호환 

원래 r발음이 탈락된 것이다.

-ng에서 n이 탈락하기도 하거나

r에서 ㅎ발음이 ㅍ으로 되기도 하고 ㅋ으로 변하기도 한다.

ㅋ<-->ㅎ<-->ㅍ<-->ㅂ 호환

tiv은 팁-->딥-->집-->깁 

우리말 깁다의 어근 깁-이다.

deep의 어원 딮다-->짚다-->깊다 와 같은 발음현상이다.

짜집기 짜깁기 

짜깁기가 표준어이며 사투리는 짜집기이다.

이 흔적이 알타이어에 있다.

꿰다 꿰뿌-->꿰어버려의 경상도사투리 

알타이어에 공통적으로 있는 말이다.

국어사전

꿰다 

1. 실이나 끈 따위를 구멍이나 틈의 한쪽에 넣어 다른 쪽으로 내다. 

2. 옷이나 신 따...

영어사전

꿰다 

1. (구멍에) thread, string   

2. (꼬챙이 등에) skewer   

3. (자세하게 알다) be familiar wi..

Meaning: "silk" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ùp`u

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *kUṗV

Meaning: a k. of berry

Indo-European: *keub-

 

Proto-IE: *keub-

Meaning: a k. of thorny plant

Baltic: *kaũb-r=

Germanic: *xiup-ō(n-) f., -an- m.

Russ. meaning: растение (колючий куст)

References: WP I 380 f

Altaic: *ki̯ùp`u

Kartvelian: *ḳupxa (*ḳwapx-)

 

References: ND 985 *[ḳ]uʔbE 'thorn' (IE + incorr. Kartv., Alt. + Sem.).

Meaning: silk, mulberry

Russian meaning: шелк, тут

Turkic: *Kɨp

 

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fabric

Russian meaning: ткань

Khakassian: xɨp 'lining, covering'

Yakut: kɨbɨas 'шерсть оленя ранним летом'

Kirghiz: qɨpɨq 'kerchief, sash'

Bashkir: qɨptɨr 'перешитая в подборку (о шубе)'

Balkar: qɨppa 'skein, clew'

Comments: VEWT 265.

Mongolian: *kib

 

Proto-Mongolian: *kib

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: silk

Russian meaning: шелк

Written Mongolian: kib, kijib (L 465)

Middle Mongolian: kip (HY 'boiled silk cloth' 23, SH), kib (IM) 'lining'

Khalkha: xiv

Buriat: xib

Kalmuck: kib, kiwŋ

Ordos: keb 'bad quality silk'

Comments: KW 233.

Tungus-Manchu: *kupen

Korean: *kīp

 

Proto-Korean: *kīp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: silk

Russian meaning: шелк

Modern Korean: kīp

Middle Korean: kīp

Comments: Nam 82, KED 282.

Japanese: *kùpá

Comments: SKE 113. Cf. also Mong. köbüŋ 'cotton' ( > Oyr. köböŋ, Tuva xöveŋ, Khak. köböŋ etc., see ЭСТЯ 5, 108-109 (with some confusion of this root and Turk. *köpe 'cloth' < *k`ŏ̀p`e q. v. and Turk. *köp- 'swell, foam' < *k`óp`i q. v.); > Man. kubun id., see Doerfer MT 102). In fact, it would be tempting to consider Mong. *kib as a Turkic loanword (despite the fact that the Turk. *Kɨp is not widely spread and late attested, it cannot be < Mong.), because Mong. -i- is not quite regular here, while köbüŋ is a perfect phonetic match.

Proto-Dravidian : *tiv-/*tīg-

Meaning : 1 creeper 2 wire 3 thread

Proto-South Dravidian: *tiv-/*tīg-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *tiv-/*tīg-

Meaning : creeper; wire

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tivavu

Tamil meaning : bands of catgut for a yāṛ

Tamil derivates : tīn-toṭai string of a lute, lute

Kannada : tīge

Kannada meaning : a creeping plant, vine, tendril on spray, the string of a lute, wire

Number in DED : 3269

Proto-Telugu : *tīg-

 

Proto-Telugu : *tīg-

Meaning : wire, string of a musical instrument, a creeping or climbing plant, creeper, vine, a necklace of gold wire

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tī̃ga

Dialectal forms (1) : tī̃giya

Dialectal forms (2) : tī̃ge

Number in DED : 3269

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tīg, *tiv

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tīg, *tiv

Meaning : creeper

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : tīg

Parji : tiv "thread"

Poya Gadba : tīg

Number in DED : 3269

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tiv-

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tiv-

Meaning : creeper

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : tiva

chrin  이나 chring ㅊ 발음은 ㅌ발음의 변형이다.

그러니까 영어의 st-는 ㅌ-->ㅊ의 과도기나 ㅌ-->ㅅ의 과도기발음으로 

이해할 수가 있다.

긴 은 낀 이며 끈 과도 같은 것이다.

용수철이나 봄의 뜻으로 사용하는 spring 역시 r을 생략하고 보면 핑 팽 팽창하다

할때 팽이다.

영어의 어원이 되는 thread는  인도 드라비다어에 있다는 사실.

산스크리트어와 더불어 드라비다어는 고대 한국어이다.

Meaning : "thread" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *čàraḍ-

Meaning : thread, cord

Proto-South Dravidian: *Saraḍ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *sarapaṇ-i

Meaning : a k. of chain

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : carappaṇi

Tamil meaning : gold neck-chain inlaid with diamonds

Tamil derivates : carappaḷi id., gold necklet

Malayalam : sarappaḷi

Malayalam meaning : a gold chain of several rows round the neck

Kannada : sarapaṇi, sarapaḷi, sarpaḷi

Kannada meaning : a chain, a kind of collar or necklace

Tulu : sarapaḷi, sarapaṇi, sarpaḷi, sarapoḷi

Tulu meaning : a chain of any metal

Proto-Nilgiri : *Sar-pVḷĭ-

Number in DED : 2358

Proto-Telugu : *trāḍ-

 

Proto-Telugu : *trāḍ-

Meaning : cord, rope, twine, string, thread

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : trāḍu

Number in DED : 2356

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tāḍ-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tāḍ-

Meaning : rope

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : tāḍ

Naikri : tāṛ

Number in DED : 2356

Notes : Cf. PDR *ćarac-.

어근 thr는 슬 실 즐-->줄 등으로 쓴다.실,사 絲

트르 뜨르 시르 시르 실흐 실크 silk 

실타래 할때 타래 역시 트르 타리 타래의 변형음이다.

(실을)뜨다 의 뜻도 있다.

뜨래 뜨해 뜨개 뜨개질 

뜨개질할때  코 라는 말을 쓴다.

어원은 인도 드라비다어에 있다.

우리의 정체성을 알 수 있게 하는 것이다.

Proto-Dravidian : *kō-

Meaning : to string, insert, thread

Proto-South Dravidian: *kō-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *kō-

Meaning : to string, thread

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kō (-pp-, -tt-), kōr (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to string (as beads, flowers), insert, thread (as a needle), arrange, reduce to order

Tamil derivates : kōppu stringing, threading, inserting, arrangement, order, decoration; kōvai, kōrvai stinging, filing, arranging, string of ornamental beads; kōtai garland

Malayalam : kōkka, kōrkka

Malayalam meaning : to string together (as a garland, pearls, beads), thread a needle

Malayalam derivates : kōccil what appears like a string, pod, legume; kōppu order, arrangement; kōva, kōrva what is strung together; kōrmpal, kōmpu string of pearls, bunch of things

Kannada : kō (kōd-, kōt-)

Kannada meaning : to string (pearls, beads, etc.) upon a thread, thread; be threaded, be entered

Kodagu : koya- (koyap-, koyat-)

Kodagu meaning : to string

Tulu : kōpè

Tulu meaning : a string of fruits, fish, etc.

Tulu derivates : gōpuni to hold fast, join; gōpu a thin girdle; gōmpè a string of fruits, fish, etc.

Proto-Nilgiri : *kōv-

Number in DED : 2176

Proto-Telugu : *kōv-

 

Proto-Telugu : *kōv-

Meaning : a string, as of pearls, etc.

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kōva

Dialectal forms (1) : krōva

Number in DED : 2176

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kō-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kō-

Meaning : to string

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kōnz- (kōnst-), (Pat.) gōnzeng "to string, thread"

Naikri : kōnj- "to string, thread"

Parji : kōp- (kōt-)

Number in DED : 2176

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sǝ̆ (r-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew, tendon, thread

Chinese: 絲 *sǝ silk, thread.

 

Character: 絲

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ

Western Han Chinese: sǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Chinese: sjɨ

English meaning : silk

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шелковая нить; шелк; шелковый; 2) нити; проволока; паутина; струйки; тонкие стружки; 3) струна; струнные музыкальные инструменты; 4) одна стотысячная; сотая часть миллиметра; ничтожное количество, иота; 5) тонкий узор; тонкий; 6) думы, вм. 思

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ti. External data suggest rather *shǝ for OC; however, no modern dialect has preserved a special reflex of this phoneme (initial ch-).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 1495

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 絲

MC description : 止開三平之心

ZIHUI: 4828 0427

Beijing: si_ 11

Jinan: si_ 11

Xi'an: si_ 11

Taiyuan: si_ 1

Hankou: si_ 11

Chengdu: si_ 11

Yangzhou: si_ 11

Suzhou: si_ 11

Wenzhou: si_ 11

Changsha: si_ 11

Shuangfeng: si_ 11

Nanchang: si_ 11

Meixian: si_ 11

Guangzhou: ši 11

Xiamen: si 11

Chaozhou: si_ 11

Fuzhou: si 11

Zhongyuan yinyun: si_ 1

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 8256

Karlgren code: 0974 a-c

Vietnamese reading: to'

Shijing occurrences: 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 24.3, 27.3_, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 58.1

Tibetan: rca, rcad vein, root.

Kachin: lǝsa³ a tendon, sinew.

Lushai: tha sinew, tendon, KC *Vr-tha.

Lepcha: so

Kiranti: *sǝ́

Comments: BG: Dimasa rada, Bodo roda, rota; Mikir artho; Chang hau; Kanauri sā; Rgyarung -rtse. Sh. 52; Ben. 109.

국어사전

실타래 

[명사] 실을 쉽게 풀어 쓸 수 있도록 한데 뭉치거나 감아 놓은 것.

Chinese: "緊" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kĭn ( ~ -ŋ, -ɫ)

Meaning: tie, bind

Chinese: 緊 *kinʔ to bind tight.

 

Character: 緊

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kinʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kín

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjín

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjín

Middle Chinese: kjín

English meaning : fast, durable [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) туго связать, скрутить; тугой, плотный; тесный; близкий; крепко-накрепко; 2) настоятельный; срочный, экстренный; важный; 3) напряженный; критический; запутанный

Comments: Also used as a loan for 堅 *kīn q. v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 1878

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 緊

MC description : 臻開三上軫見

ZIHUI: 4868 2121

Beijing: ćin 2

Jinan: ćiẽ 2

Xi'an: ćiẽ 2

Taiyuan: ćiŋ 2

Hankou: ćin 2

Chengdu: ćin 2

Yangzhou: ćĩ 2

Suzhou: ćin 2

Wenzhou: ćiaŋ 21

Changsha: ćin 2

Shuangfeng: ćin 2

Nanchang: ćin 2

Meixian: kin 2

Guangzhou: kan 21

Xiamen: kin 2

Chaozhou: kiŋ 21

Fuzhou: kiŋ 2

Shanghai: ćiŋ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: kiǝn 2

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 8277

Karlgren code: 0368 g

Jianchuan Bai: ćɨ̃3

Dali Bai: ćɨ3

Bijiang Bai: gɨ̃1

Burmese: khjań to tie, bind; thread

Comments: Luce 61.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sVr (?)

Meaning: thread

Chinese: 線 *s[a]rs thread.

 

Character: 線

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sars

Classic Old Chinese: sanh

Western Han Chinese: sanh

Eastern Han Chinese: sjanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjèn

Middle Chinese: sjèn

English meaning : thread [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нить; леска; проволока; нитяный; вязаный; 2) линия; черта; трасса; линейный; 3) перен. нить; конец клубка; подход, ключ (напр. к вопросу)

Comments: Hsieh-sheng and Sino-Viet. suggest rather an OC form like *sors, which would
normally yield MC sjwèn, in which case loss of labialisation in MC would be 
secondary. On the other hand, the Sino-Viet. form can go back to a dialectal MC
*sjwèn with secondary labialisation on analogy with 泉 (MC ʒjwen, q.v.). The 
choice between OC *sars and *sors is thus not quite clear. A more usual writing
of this word (since Tang) is **. The same word with the specialized meaning 
'gland' is now written as 腺.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

 

Number: 2046

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 線

MC description : 山開三去線心

ZIHUI: 4775 1887

Beijing: śian 3

Jinan: śiã 3

Xi'an: śiã 3

Taiyuan: śiɛ 3

Hankou: śian 3

Chengdu: śian 3

Yangzhou: śî̃ 3

Suzhou: sî 31

Wenzhou: śi 31

Changsha: siẽ 31

Shuangfeng: śî̃ 31

Nanchang: śiɛn 31

Meixian: siɛn 3

Guangzhou: šin 31

Xiamen: sian 31 (lit.); san 31 (lit.); suã 31

Chaozhou: suã 32

Fuzhou: siaŋ 31

Shanghai: sî 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: sien 3

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 5510

Karlgren code: 0237 e

Vietnamese reading: tuyến

Tibetan: sran-bu thread, yarn.

Comments: Luce 61. Hsieh-sheng and the Sino-Viet. form tuyến suggest rather an OCh. form like *sors, which would normally yield MCh. sjwèn, in which case loss of labialisation in MCh would be secondary. On the other hand, the Sino-Viet. form can go back to a dialectal MCh. sjwèn with secondary labialisation on analogy with 泉 (MCh ʒjwen, q.v.). The choice between OCh. *sars and *sors is thus not quite clear. Cf. Austric: PAA *sVr 'to thread', PAN *SuRSuR.

발음연습 2

甲 갑옷,갑

대부분 이런 규칙이니 예를 이 글자로 잡아봤다.

한자상고음 찾으면 crab 으로 나온다.

우리말 기준에서 말하면

r발음은 현대로 오면서 축약 없어진다.

고대음로 가면 r을 복원해야 한다.

그러니 string 역시 현대로 가면 r을 탈락시키면 현대음에 가깝다.

그래서 띵 땡 땅 당 등의 발음이 된다.

st-는 t에서 s로 가는 과도기적 발음이다.

ㅌ-->ㅊ-->ㅅ

ㅌ-->ㄷ

ㅌ-->th번데기-->ㅅ

Proto-Altaic: *tằnŋù

Meaning: to bind, rope

Russian meaning: связывать, веревка

Turkic: *daŋ-

 

Proto-Turkic: *daŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bind together

Russian meaning: связывать

Karakhanid: taŋ- (MK)

Middle Turkic: taŋ- (Abush., Sangl.)

Sary-Yughur: taŋ-

Turkmen: daŋ-

Oyrat: taŋ-

Yakut: taŋ-

Dolgan: taŋ- 'to put on'

Tuva: doŋ-na-

Kirghiz: taŋ-

Kazakh: taŋ-

Karakalpak: taŋ-

Comments: VEWT 461, EDT 514, ЭСТЯ 3, 145-146, Stachowski 216. Turk. > Kalm. tan- 'to plait, knot'.

Tungus-Manchu: *daŋ-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *daŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tight, bound tight, stuffed tightly

Russian meaning: тугой, плотно набитый

Evenki: daŋama

Literary Manchu: dan 'trap, snare'

Comments: ТМС 1, 196. Cf. also Man. deŋnex́en 'strips (on footwear)' (ТМС 1, 235).

Korean: *tan

 

Proto-Korean: *tan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bundle

Russian meaning: связка

Modern Korean: tān

Middle Korean: tan

Comments: Liu 197, KED 393.

Japanese: *tùnà

 

Proto-Japanese: *tùnà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rope

Russian meaning: веревка

Old Japanese: tuna

Middle Japanese: tùnà

Tokyo: tsuná

Kyoto: tsúnà

Kagoshima: tsuná

Comments: JLTT 556.

Comments: SKE 254-255, ЭСТЯ 3, 146. Cf. *t`úŋi.

우리말에 동여매다 는 말이 있다.

동여 는 무슨 말일까?

아래 어원자료를 보면 bind라는 뜻인 것이다.

Proto-Altaic: *t`úŋi ( ~ -o-)

Meaning: rope, to bind

Russian meaning: веревка, привязывать

Mongolian: *tüŋge

 

Proto-Mongolian: *tüŋge

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: strap, tether

Russian meaning: ремешок, путы

Written Mongolian: tüŋge

Khalkha: tüŋge

Buriat: tüŋge 'straps for bootlegs'

Kalmuck: tüŋgǝ

Comments: KW 415.

Korean: *toŋ-

 

Proto-Korean: *toŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bundle 2 to bind

Russian meaning: 1 связка 2 обвязывать, связывать

Modern Korean: toŋ 1, toŋ'i- 2

Middle Korean: toŋ 1

Comments: Liu 232, KED 484, 493.

Japanese: *túnk-

 

Proto-Japanese: *túnk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bind together, join

Russian meaning: связывать, соединять

Old Japanese: tug-

Middle Japanese: túg-

Tokyo: tsùg-

Kyoto: tsúg-

Kagoshima: tsúg-

Comments: JLTT 772.

Comments: Mong. > Evk. tuŋa, tuŋi. Cf. *tằnŋu.

string (n.)

Old English streng "line, cord, thread, string of a bow or harp," in plural 

"tackle, rigging; lineage, race," from Proto-Germanic *strangiz 

(source also of Old Norse strengr, Danish streng, Middle Dutch strenge, 

Dutch streng, Old High German strang, German Strang "rope, cord"), 

from *strang- "taut, stiff," from PIE root *strenk- "tight, narrow." 

Gradually restricted by early Middle English to lines that are smaller 

than a rope. Sense of "a number of objects arranged in a line" first recorded late 15c.

영어사전

string 

1. 끈, 줄   2. (여러 개의 사물을 함께 엮어 놓은) 줄   3. 일련