능형근

[문형철]

 - 견갑골 불안정때 흔히 위축되는 근육

1. 능형근은 목디스크가 있을때, 일자목일때, midthoracic kyphosis 일때 흔히 아프다.

2. 전거근의 길항근이므로 흔히 통증발생

3. 능형근은 견갑골 후인의 주동근

4. 능형근이 견갑거근과 동시에 작용하면 견갑골은 상방, 내전방향으로 근육작용

5. 목디스크(dorsal scapular nerve C4,5)로 능형근이 마비되면 견갑골 불안정성은 심해짐. 

panic bird...

The rhomboid muscles, (/ˈrɒmbɔɪd/) often simply called the rhomboids, are rhombus-shaped muscles associated with the scapula and are chiefly responsible for its retraction. It is supplied by Dorsal Scapular nerve. There are two rhomboid muscles:

대능형근

The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. In human anatomy, it acts together with the rhomboid minor to keep the scapula pressed against thoracic wall and to retract the scapula toward the vertebral column.^[1]

The rhomboid major arises from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2 to T5 as well as the supraspinous ligament. It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle. ^[2]

Rhomboideus major muscle

The rhomboid major is considered a superficial back muscle. It is deep to the trapezius, and is located directly inferior to the rhomboid minor. As the word rhomboid suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped. The major in its name indicates that it is the larger of the two rhomboids.

The rhomboid major helps to hold the scapula (and thus the upper limb) onto the ribcage. Other muscles that perform this function include the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor.

Both rhomboids (major and minor) also act to retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column.

The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the scapulae) are the serratus anterior and upper and lower fibers of the trapezius. If the lower fibers are inactive, the serratus anterior and upper trapezii work in tandem with rhomboids and levators to elevate the entire scapula.

The rhomboid major, like the rhomboid minor, is innervated by the ventral primary ramus via the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).^[2] Both rhomboid muscles also derive their arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery.

If the rhomboid major is torn, wasted, or unable to contract, scapular instability may result. The implications of scapular instability caused by the rhomboid major include scapular winging during scapular protraction, excessive lateral rotation and depression of the scapula, as the antagonistic action of the rhomboid major is absent. With scapular instability, movement in the upper extremity is limited as the scapula cannot guide the desired movement of the arm and shoulders. Pain, discomfort, and limited range of motion of the shoulder are possible implications of scapular instability.

Treatment for scapular instability may include surgery followed by physical therapy. Physical therapy may consist of stretching and endurance exercises of the shoulder. Pilates and yoga have been also suggested as potential treatment and prevention of scapular instability.

소능형근

In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. Located inferior to levator scapulae and superior to rhomboid major, it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall. It lies deep to trapezius but superficial to the long spinal muscles.^[1]

능형근의 기시, 종지

The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, and from the intervening supraspinous ligaments. ^[1] It is inserted into a small area of the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine. ^[2]

Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as an antagonist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the levator scapulae muscle to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula. ^[3]

The nerve supply comes from the dorsal scapular nerve, with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6. ^[4] The rhomboid minor gets its arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery.

능형근 Trp 탐구

능형근 강화운동법

에반스의 능형근 isolated stretching

[heoss]

감사합니다.