12001 영어 총정리 1회 강의
. The _____ is the best section of the newspaper to read up on other people's problems and how they can solve them. d
(a) classified ads (b) editorial (c) obituary (d) advice column (e) cartoon
2. The troops were ______ to various parts of the country. a
(a) deployed (b) deplaned (c) depleted (d) deplored (e) deposited
3. South Wales has hundreds of misused coal mines, which are used as ______ for
criminals. b
(a) hermits (b) hangups (c) hangovers (d) hideouts (e) setbacks
4. The grieving seven-year-old boy attempted to ____ for his thoughtless misdeed. a
(a) alleviate (b) atone (c) alloy (d) altercate (e) exempt
5. The medical student had to brush up on the respiratory system before her oral exams. a
(a) bone up on (b) hand in (c) hand out
(d) sign up for (e) cut classes
6. Umberto asked the cashier for a(n) ________ because the sale item he wanted was all gone.
(a) refund (b) exchange (c) raincheck
(d) hunting for bargains (e) window-shop
7. Sarah enjoys going to ________ because there is always such a variety of food.
(a) pot lucks (b) doggy bags (c) leftovers
(d) junk food (e) barbecue
8. W: You look something different. Oh, your new haircut.
M: What do you think of my new haircut?
W: Let's see. Well.... it lives up to my expectations.
M: So you like it?
W: No, but I wasn't expecting much.
Q. How did the woman like his new hairstyle?
(a) She liked his new hairstyle. (b) It was a pleasant surprise for her.
(c) She didn't like it very much. (d) She was very pleased with his new hairstyle.
(e) She thought his new haircut is out of this world.
9. Producers of recycling paper hope to have the government's supports in legislating
(a) (b) (c) (d)
that kind of paper use in offices.
(e)
10. The Global Network Academy(GNA) is on-profit corporation whose long-term goal
(a) (b)
is creation a complete online accredited university.
(c) (d) (e)
11. The pressure to compete causes an American man being energetic, but it also
(a) (b) (c)
places a constant emotional strain on him.
(d) (e)
12. University of Wisconsin recently offered a Foundations of Rehabilitation course at
(a)
the undergraduate and graduate level in which exams were given by using floppy disks
(b) (c)
with the answers to return via e-mail to the instructor.
(d) (e)
13. More repressive governments in Asia look toward Singapore with envious eye. It is not hard to see why, under pressure to liberalize, they see a nation that has grown
rich while still maintaining tight social control and having the same ruling party for
36 years. "We should learn from their experience." China's aged strongman Deng
Xiaoping said in a speech two years ago. And when I asked a high-ranking
Vietnamese official what country he looked to as a model, he replied without
hesitation: "Singapore." To be sure, Singapore's relatively benign authoritarianism is a
far cry from the totalitarian rule of China or Vietnam.
Q. What is the writer's attitude toward Singapore's dictatorship?
(a) Ambiguous (b) Negative
(c) Envious (d) Positive (e) Dismissing
14. It's interesting to note that the two newly-discovered dinosaurs are unlike any others found in Africa, yet appear to be related to species that have been found _____. When dinosaurs ruled the earth over 200 million years ago, the seven continents as we know them made up one huge continent called Pangaea. This allowed land animals
to roam freely, which explains why dinosaurs from that time period look fairly similar.
(a) in America (b) in the American
(c) in South Africa (d) everywhere in the world (e) on Pangaea
15. Thank you for your letter dated April 10. The department committee has discussed your request and I'm delighted to inform you that the committee is ______ your admission to the Department of Engineering of the University. To make this official, however, please complete an application form at your earliest convenience and submit it to the Office of Graduate Studies, Department of Engineering.
(a) opposed to (b) unsure of
(c) concerned about (d) in favor of (e) prepared for
16. Of all the incurable diseases, the degenerative brain disorder known as Alzheimer's may be the crueliest, because it kills its victims twice. In Alzhermer's, the mind dies first: names, dates, the places - the interior scrapbook of an entire life - fade into
mists of nonrecognition. The simplest tasks - tying a shoelace, cutting meat with a
knife, telling time - become insurmountable. Then, _____________ . No longer able to
walk or control elemental functions, the victim lies curled in a fetal position,
gradually sinking into coma and death.
(a) the body dies (b) the consciousness dies
(c) the physical movement dulls (d) the other diseases follow it
(e) the patient feels extreme pain
17. The new focus on children's diets started when the American Heart Association considered statistical studies showing that U.S children have higher blood-cholesterol concentrations than do children of other populations. A prudent diet during childhood, the Association concludes, will reduce the risk of heart attack throughout life.
Q. What is the main topic of the talk?
(a) The prevention of heart disease. (b) Prudent diets for children.
(c) Childhood feeding habits. (d) The new focus on children's health
(e) The danger of cholesterol.
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Californians endured a five-year drought that gradually moved them toward a statewide crisis. People worried about the future as they watched the water tables drop drastically. Environmentalists, media, politicians, and conservation officials encouraged people daily to conserve as the picture of the future grew bleak.
Then, beginning in the first quarter of 1991, the rains came. Within a few weeks almost a foot of moisture dampened the Los Angeles area. Heavy moisture intermittently fell throughout the year and people celebrated the end to a demanding battle with nature.
Their prayers were answered. What a blessing! Right? Maybe. Maybe not. According to newspaper reports, one prominent official considered the rains a setback, even a disaster. From his perspective, the state was close to establishing a long-term conservation policy when the rains eased the crisis and interrupted water-saving plans.
Adversity can be the springboard for change. The Chinese symbol for crisis has a dual meaning; danger and opportunity. The key is to use the energy that adversity creates to generate long-term solutions and thereby capitalize on new or expanded opportunities.
18. "Bleak" in line 4 can be replaced by
(a) extraordinary (b) not hopeful (c) surprising (d) unpredictable (e) bizarre
19. When a five-year drought ended, one prominent official considered it "setback, even a disaster" because
(a) it helped establish a long-term water conservation policy.
(b) it interrupted long-term water conservation plans.
(c) it made them beware of a drought as well as flood.
(d) it was one of the most difficult disasters they had ever overcome.
(e) it was blocking their efforts to created non-disaster society.
20. The author mentions "the Chinese symbol for crisis"
(a) to tell the Chinese are skillful at making symbols
(b) to demonstrate adversity can be the springboard for change
(c) to show how much adversity the Chinese overcame
(d) to give an example of a famous chinese symbol
(e) to improve people's awareness about the importance of natural disaster
2001 영어 총정리 2회 강의
1. He is the one who made all this possible, so the ______ must go to him.
(a) appreciation (b) victory (c) premium (d) credit (e) merit
2. She was elected to the post of ______ governor for one term.
(a) ligament (b) lieutenant (c) depute (d) delegate (e) relegate
3. The pianist was able to _____ the music he had lost for some time.
(a) reverberate (b) retract (c) recapture (d) recapitulate (e) rescind
4. The First Amendment ensures that people can _____ the right to remain silent.
(a) epitomize (b) enervate (c) exercise (d) extenuate (e) execute
5. Did you notice how Kate ______ after her father in personality, but her mother in looks?
(a) resembles (b) takes (c) looks (d) keeps (e) seeks
6. Jane's head and neck hurt, and her nose is stuffy. She must _______________.
(a) be under the weather (b) be run-down (e) come down with a cold
(d) get a checkout (e) take a turn for the worse
7. Every month we have to plan our budget carefully in order to ___________.
(a) be broke (b) make ends meet (e) pick up the tab
(b) cost an arm and a leg (e) be a rip-off
8. W: Hi. I need to see a customer service manager.
M: What seems to be the problem, ma'am?
W: You've just lost my business, young man.
M: If you tell me what the problem is, maybe I can do something to help solve it.
W: All right. If you must know, I'll tell you. I purchased something by mail-order but I never received it.
M: Oh, really? _______________.
W: And this is the third time it's happened!
M: We're so sorry. I'll take care of it.
(a) What a nice surprise! (b) That's your fault. (c) It wouldn't be.
(d) Don't mention it. (e) You know what!
9. 문법적으로 옳은 문장을 고르시오. (사시 99)
(a) They are assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it.
(b) Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that English language is in a bad way.
(c) A man may take to drink because he feels to be a failure.
(d) Our civilization is decadent and our language--so the argument runs--must inevitably share in the general collapse.
(e) Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is not an instrument with which we shape for our own purposes.
10. 문법적으로 옳은 문장을 고르시오. (사시 99)
(a) A series of meetings were held recently regarding the crisis.
(b) They left early on the morning of Dec. 14 to the honeymoon.
(c) Plastics have a wide variety of industrial and commercial use.
(d) My father dissuaded me to take a job in another city.
(e) The total number of houses under water amounts to 1500.
11. 문법적으로 옳지 않은 문장을 고르시오.
(a) The Acme Travel Agency, which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened four new branches.
(b) As I was anxious to please him, I bought him a nice present.
(c) While admitting that he had received the stolen jewellery, he denied having taken part in the robbery.
(d) Although built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
(e) She lay awake all night, recalling the events of the day.
12. 문법적으로 옳지 않은 문장을 고르시오.
(a) The region produces some awful wines as well as good ones.
(b) My goldfish have died.
(c) The government, who are looking for a quick victory, are calling for a general election soon.
(d) They expect to be re-elected. A lot of people are giving them their support.
(e) The present government, which hasn't been in power long, is trying to control inflation. They aren't having much success.
13. C&M Supply company, in business since 1962, carries a complete line of the finest brand names of household appliances available. Should you require service on one of your appliances, we will make the necessary repairs and provide you with a one year guaranty on all parts replaced. As our way of welcoming you as a new customer, we have enclosed a certificate entitling you to a 10% discount on any purchase of new merchandise. Please come and visit us soon.
Q. Which of the following is true according to the advertisement?
(a) C&M Supply Co. sells office appliances and offers free repairs.
(b) Since 1962, C&M Supply Co. has been a leader in the appliance business.
(c) Appliances sold by C&M Supply Co. come with a one-year guaranty.
(d) With a certificate, new customers can buy new merchandise at 10% off.
(e) This company boasts more than 50 locations from cost to cost.
14. The first American union to successfully unite skilled and unskilled workers was the National Labor Union (NLU). William Sylvis, a former head of the iron-molders
union in Philadelphia, founded the NLU in 1866. Sylvis was a strong leader who
claimed to hold the union "more dear than I do my family or my life." Within five
years, the NLU boasted a membership of 600,000. That membership included all
kinds of workers, from industrial laborers to vegetable farmers. Instead of strikes,
the NLU urged workers to become more independent by forming cooperatives --
businesses owned and run by workers.
Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?
(a) The NLU was the first successful union founded in Philadelphia.
(b) William Sylvis was in the iron-molders union after 1866.
(c) Around 1870, sixty thousand workers belonged to the NLU.
(d) There were all kinds of workers including farmers in the NLU.
(e) Sylvis was dismissed because of his strong involvement with the union.
15. George Orwell's famous novel "1984" opens with its hero, Winston Smith, returning to his dirty tenement. Attached to a wall is a "telescreen." It is in essence a bilateral television, which is designed to watch Smith's every movement while barking government propaganda at him. It was naive of Orwell to believe that technology would become the tool of totalitarian dictatorship. Is there anyone who thinks that
the world would be a more democratic and freer world today if computers, fax
machines and the Internet didn't come into being: This is one that Orwell really did
get wrong.
Q. Which of the following best summarizes the above passage?
(a) Orwell criticized totalitarian dictatorship.
(b) Modern inventions are too exclusive.
(c) Technology does not contravene democracy.
(d) The Internet brings peoples together.
(e) Orwell did harm to us because he misguided us with his book "1984".
16. Terrorists in the years ahead will become less politically motivated and more attuned to religious, fanatical zealotry. Less concerned than ever about international repercussions, they will seek ways to reap mass casualties on an unprepared public. Peter Prebst, a specialist on international terrorism, says political terrorism is declining, supplanted by religiously motivated terrorist acts -- and the change spells trouble. In contrast to their politically motivated counterparts, terrorist groups inspired by religious ideology exhibit few self-imposed restraints. They actively seek to maximize the carnage, believing that only by annihilating their enemy may they fulfill the dictates of their guru or god.
Q. According to the passage, how are religious terrorists different from political ones? (a) International public opinion concerns them greatly.
(b) Their guru imposes strict restraints on their terror.
(c) They strive to kill the utmost number of their enemies.
(d) Due to their religion they seldom attack the general public.
(e) They believe that they are engaging in a crusade.
17. One of the cultural difference between Korea and America emerges in the issue of doctors informing their patients whether they have cancer. In America it is believed that the individual has the right to know what is wrong with him or her in order to decide what to do accordingly. In Korea, on the other hand, it is thought to be the duty of doctors or family members to protect patient form mental suffering.
Q. What do people in America do if a patient is suffering from cancer?
(a) They inform him of what decision to make.
(b) They inform him that he has cancer.
(c) They inform him only that he is ill.
(d) They inform his family of his illness.
(e) They try to hide the disease for fear the shock of the patient.
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-19)
The statistics on physical child abuse are alarming. Of the estimated hundreds of thousands of children battered each year by a parent or close relative, thousands die. For those who survive, the emotional trauma remains long after the external bruises have healed. Communities and the courts recognized that these emotional "hidden bruises" can be treated.
Often the severe emotional damage to abused children does not surface until adolescence or later, when many abused children become abusing parents. An adult who was abused as a child has trouble establishing intimate personal relationships, with a tendency to see all other adults as potential abusers. There men and women "cannot stand to be touched." Without proper treatment, they can be damaged for life.
The child and adolescent psychiatrist is able to treat the "whole child," including medical as well as psychological or emotional problems that have occurred as a result of the abuse. The family can be helped to learn new ways of support and communicating with one another. Through treatment the abused child begins to regain a sense of self-confidence and trust.
Battering is not the only kind of child abuse. Many children are victims of neglect, or sexual or emotional abuse. In all kinds of child abuse, the child and the family can benefit from the comprehensive evaluation and care of a child and adolescent psychiatrist.
18. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
(a) Establishing intimate personal relationships with abused children
(b) What causes child abuse?
(c) How serious is child abuse in this modern days?
(d) How to treat abused children
(e) The new ways of support and communication with abused children
19. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
(a) Abused children's psychological and emotional problems should be treated.
(b) All communities should care for abused children's activities.
(c) Abused children could be abusing parents.
(d) There are many ways we can do to relieve the desperate situation of children.
(e) Battering is not the only physical child abuse.
20. According to the third paragraph, how can the family help the abused children?
(a) by not battering them any more
(b) by showing them to a psychiatrist
(c) by supporting and communicating with them
(d) by sending them to any specialized treatment facilities
(e) by giving them a medical treatment
2001 영어 총정리 3회 강의
1. Sue is an ______ typist. She is fast and seldom makes mistakes
(a) effective (b) efficient (c) essential (d) eruptive (e) effervescent
2. Coffee is Brazil's most important export _______.
(a) product (b) produce (c) commodity (d) food (e) cuisine
3. The allies are at ______ with one another over which strategy to pursue.
(a) odds (b) least (c) ends (d) favor (e) even
4. Employers usually request that applicants supply the names and addresses of ____ in order to verify their work experience and performance.
(a) recommendations (b) reimbursement
(c) reconciliation (d) references (e) restitution
5. A: Although our latest model costs more, the benefits _______ any drawbacks.
B: Like what? The benefits to your pocketbook?
(a) suspend (b) ponder (c) obtrude (d) outweigh (e) pervade
6. Frances thought she'd be late to class, but she managed to get there _________.
(a) for good (b) day in and day out (c) in a while
(d) once and for all (e) on time
7. The roast leg of lamb and potatoes in the oven smell _____________.
(a) out of this world (b) out of blue (c) out of it
(d) out and away (e) the ins and outs
8. M: Did you see the list of books for this course?
W: Yes, Dr. Downs said he expects us to have the first five on the list. He
is going to discuss them in detail.
M: Are you gonna buy them?
W: I don't know. These books are expensive, and I don't have a lot of money on me.
M: ________________________
W: Sounds good.
M: Let's do this. I will buy three and you buy two of them.
W: I would rather do it this way: we pay fifty-fifty for the books.
(a) Let me treat you today. (b) I'd like to freeload.
(c) How about sharing with me? (d) I'll pick up the bill for you.
(e) I'm having a cash-flow problem too.
9. Internet is fast becoming _______ reservoir of knowledge ever known on this planet.
(a) larger (b) the larger (c) largest (d) the largest (e) more larger
10. The ancient Chinese, who were the first to use acupuncture, believed ______ sometimes too much or too little energy flowed through the human body, ______ caused pain or sickness.
(a) if -- which (b) that -- which (c) whether -- whose
(d) that -- that (e) what -- which
11. He can afford to live in the center of Paris, ________ apartments cost almost double those in the periphery.
(a) whose (b) of which (c) where (d) what (e) by which
12. When people travel abroad, it is sometimes difficult for them _________ to new foods and customs.
(a) assimilate (b) to assimilate (c) to be assimilated
(d) getting to assimilate (e) get assimilated
13. 다음 글을 읽고 내용의 흐름상 어색한 것을 고르시오.
Consumption of wholegrain foods, particularly breads and pasta, may protect against a variety of cancers, according to a study. (a) Researchers studied more than 10,000 hospital patients with a variety of cancers and almost 8,000 patients treated for non-cancerous conditions between 1983 and 1996 in northern Italy. (b) The results were inconclusive at best, so researchers are skeptical. (c) "High intake of wholegrain foods consistently reduced risk of cancer at all sites," the researchers wrote in The International Journal of Cancer. (d) Specifically. the researchers said a diet with many wholegrain foods lowered the risk of various cancers, including those affecting the digestive tract. (e) Risk of cancers of the upper respiratory tract, breast, prostate, ovary, bladder, and kidney were also reported to be low.
14. For 15 years, Regina Jennings mopped floors and dusted classrooms at West Virginia University, earning $10,000 per year as a custodian. So it came as a complete surprise to school officials when she recently donated $93,000 to the law school. John Fisher, dean of the College of Law, said, "Not only was her gift unexpected, it was incredibly _________ ."
15. All living organisms are the product of a "recipe" which uses genes to create the
final creature. The human body, for example, is the result of the combination of
100,000 genes. A gene is a biological instruction for a specific piece of the body: a
protein. For each gene, there is one _____ . That's how genetics works.
(a) creature (b) product
(c) protein (d) combination (e) inheritance
16. Steven Spilberg's first films were made at a time when directors were the most
important people in Hollywood, and his more recent ones at a time when marketing
controls the industry. That he has remained the most powerful film maker in the
world during both periods says something for his talent and his flexibility. No one
else has put together a more popular body of work, yet within the entertainer there is
also an artist capable of The Color Purple and Schindler's List. When entertainer and
artist came fully together, the result was E.T.(or the Extraterrestrial), a(n) ______ of
mass appeal and stylistic mastery.
17. Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was __________ some years ago, but
there are mixed feelings about it. Some people argue that it is the causal problems
which must be resolved: while others want its return as a _______.
(a) improved -- deterrent (b) abolished -- deterrent
(c) refined -- penalty (d) used -- penalty (e) abrogated -- exemption
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Before space exploration, Mars was considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life. Astronomers thought they saw straight lines crisscrossing its surface. This led to the popular belief that irrigation canal on the planet had been constructed by intelligent beings. In 1938, when Orson Welles broadcasted a radio drama based on the science fiction classic War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells, enough people believed in the tale of invading Martians to cause a near panic.
Another reason for scientists to expected life on Mars had to do with the apparent seasonal color changes on the planet's surface. This phenomenon led to speculation that conditions might support a bloom of Martian vegetation during the warmer months and cause plant life to become dormant during colder periods.
In July of 1965, Mariner 4, transmitted 22 close-up pictures of Mars. All that revealed was a surface containing many craters and naturally occurring channels but no evidence of artificial canals or flowing water. Finally, in July and September 1976, Viking Landers 1 and 2 touched down on the surface of Mars. The three biology experiments abroad the landers discovered unexpected and enigmatic chemical activity in the Martian soil, but provided no clear evidence for the presence of living microorganisms in the soil near the landing sites. According to mission biologists, Mars is self-sterilizing. They believe the combination of solar ultraviolet radiation that saturates the surface, the extreme dryness of the soil and the oxidizing nature of the soil chemistry prevent the formation of living organisms in the Martian soil. The question of life on Mars at some time in the distant past remain open.
Other instruments found no sign of organic chemistry at either landing site, but they did provide a precise and definitive analysis of the composition of the Martian atmosphere and found previously undetected trace elements.
18. What is the main idea of the passage?
(a) Scientist provided the beginnings and ends of life through space exploration.
(b) Mars is the best candidate for the next planet to live in.
(c) Planetary exploration has many virtues for human beings.
(d) Scientists haven't discovered the possibility of other beings on Mars.
(e) Explorations of Mars improved practical applications on Earth.
19. According to the third paragraph, all of the following factors prevent the formation of life on Mars EXCEPT
(a) too much solar ultraviolet radiation (b) the extremely dry soil
(c) the oxidizing nature of soil chemistry (d) too many artificial canals
(e) the self-sterilizing conditions of Mars
20. This passage probably continues with a discussion of
(a) other explorations of Mars
(b) explorations of other planets
(c) comparison Mars and Earth
(d) new discovery of Mars' chance of life
(e) composition and makeup of Martian atmosphere
2001 영어 총정리 4회 강의
1. The flow of _____ chemicals into the water supply is a major health problem.
(a) noxious (b) recalcitrant (c) obnoxious (d) odoriferous (e) perverse
2001 영어 총정리 4회 강의
2. They had launched the satellite, which later ______ away from its set.
(a) deflected (b) deranged (c) detracted (d) detonated (e) demented
3. There's not a lot of _______ for educational reform.
(a) momentum (b) exodus (c) cavalry (d) direction (e) decline
4. The chairperson is so ______ about the way the meeting is run that it is virtually impossible to please him during the conference.
(a) vulnerable (b) favorable (c) snobbish (d) fastidious (e) trenchant
5. It's time Wilma stop _______ and tell her friend that their relationship has ended.
(a) keeping up (b) making up (c) breaking up
(d) dragging her feet (e) burn the midnight oil
6. Despite limited practice sessions, opening night at the theater went off _________.
(a) in a jam (b) in a bind (c) in hot water
(d) without a hitch (e) in dire straits
7. Ann was sorry that she didn't meet you for lunch today. It completely _________.
(a) faded away (b) slipped her mind (c) popped into one's head
(d) kept in mind (e) remained on the tip of her tongue
8. W: Would you tell me about the contract?
M: Well, the rent must be paid at the end of every month. You need to pay
a one month security deposit before you move in.
W: Is the contract for just one year?
M: Yes, but you can renew it after a year.
Q. What did the man say?
(a) He said that the woman can't live there more than one year.
(b) He said that the woman can renew the contract.
(c) He said that a security deposit is paid every month.
(d) He said that the fee for renewal should be paid immediately.
(e) He said that she can live there on the condition that no other leaser appears.
9. 다음 우리말을 영어로 옮길 때 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. (사시 2000)
달에는 원자력의 생성에 필요한 것을 포함하여 지구에서 찾아 볼 수 있는 모든 원소가 있다고들 한다.
(a) People say that the moon holds all the elements finding on earth, including elements for generating of atomic energy.
(b) It is said that the moon contains all the elements found on earth, including those required to generate nuclear energy.
(c) It is told that the moon has all the elements found on earth, including those required for generation of nuclear energy.
(d) It is argued that the moon keeps all the elements found on earth, including elements for generating of atomic energy.
(e) They say that the moon possesses all the elements found on earth, including those that are necessary for generating for nuclear energy.
10. 지난 반세기 동안에 우리는 바다에 대해서 그 이전까지의 오랜 역사를 통해서 우리가 알았던 것보다 더 많은 것을 알게 되었다. (사시 99)
(a) More has been learned about the nature of the ocean in the last half-century than during all preceding history.
(b) Nothing has been learned about the nature of the ocean about fifty years ago.
(c) We have learned as much about the nature of the ocean in the last half-century as we learned during all preceding history.
(d) Fifty years go, we did not learn about the nature of the ocean.
(e) We have learned more about the nature of the ocean during all preceding history than in the last half-century.
11. 새로운 기업들의 성공으로, 한국은 노동시장을 그토록 경직하게 해왔던 종신고용의 붕괴를 맞게 될 것이다.
(a) Because several new firms have succeed, South Korea will see the collapse of the all-life employment what had made their labor market so rigid.
(b) With the success of new firms, South Korea is seeing a collapse of the lifetime employment that has made its labor market so rigid.
(c) As several new firms have succeed, South Korea is going to see the collapse of the lifelong employment which has made it's labor market so rigid.
(d) With the success of new firms, South Korea is seeing the collapse of the lifetime employment that has made its labor market so rigid.
(e) If several new firms succeed, South Korea will come closer to the collapse of the lifetime employment that has made its labor market so rigid.
12. 그 물건을 많이 샀더라면 돈을 많이 벌 수 있었을텐데, 그 기회를 놓쳤군.
(a) If I had bought much of that stuff, I could earn much money.
(b) If I bought lots of the item, I would have a great deal of money. I just missed the boat.
(c) If I bought much of the item, I would have earned a lot money.
(d) If I had bought lots of the item, I would have had much money.
(e) I missed the chance to earn lots of money by buying much of those item.
13. Well, as I said before, impeachment is a process that eats its children. On the surface, it looks like a simple legal issue, but it sets new precedents and changes the face of politics forever. Andrew Johnson 's impeachment led to a series of Republican presidents. Threats of impeachment against Richard Nixon forced him to resign. The recent impeachment of Bill Clinton deeply divided the nation and will have a strong effect on the 2000 elections.
Q. What is most important about impeachment?
(a) It causes lasting changes. (b) It hurts the president.
(c) It divides the public. (d) It happens very rarely. (e) Nothing
14. People tend to desire fulfillment and interest in their lives. When their lives lack
these things, a cult can seem appealing. Cults offer apparent friendship to those who
feel lonely; family to those who want family; and a sense of belonging and identity to
those who lack these things. Anyone feeling particularly alone and in need of
structure is particularly vulnerable to the draw of a cult. Cults can therefore be
dangerous in their most extreme forms because followers often allow the cults to take
control of their actions and decisions. They allow the cult to dictate every detail of
their daily lives, thoughts and actions. People become trapped because they have
surrendered their free will and cannot make the tough decision to leave.
Q. What can be inferred from the above passage?
(a) Cults provide social networks and support for lonely people.
(b) Cults are a very widespread phenomenon.
(c) Cults pose a threat to people in emotional crisis.
(d) Cults are a popular forum for social interaction.
(e) Cults are the last resorts for the disheartened people.
15. American children grow up in a culture where violence is pervasive in movies,
television dramas and even song lyrics. But psychologists Joanne Cantor and Barbara
Wilson report that many children trace their fears about life to ____________ . "As
children begin to understand the differences between fantasy and reality, the news
becomes more frightening," they say. "Their reactions of fright are _______ by the
fact that children, much more than adults, are likely to believe what they see on the
television news."
(a) nightmare -- remitted (b) TV cartoons -- aggravated
(c) fantasies -- alleviated (d) television news -- amplified
(e) CD games -- accelerated
16. (a) After years of controversy and debate, the Japanese anthem and rising sun flag
won a Parliamentary vote Thursday that would make them the official national
symbols. (b) Despite opposition from liberal and leftist parties that claim the symbols
are a throwback to Japan's pre-World War II nationalism, (c) the bill giving them legal recognition was approved 403-86 in the 500-member lower house of Parliament.
(d) The bill must still be approved by the upper house of Parliament, but that vote
is largely a formality. (e) Pacifists said they would continue consenting.
17.
Dear Dr. Hendricks:
Thank you for referring Mrs. Jones to my legal practice. I will serve her with diligence. I consider your referral to be an act of trust by a fellow professional whose standards have been an example in our community for many years. Should any of my clients have need of pediatric care, I will not hesitate to recommend you to them, not simply as a return favor but out of respect for the exceptional care you provide.
Sincerely,
George Bacon
Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the above letter?
(a) The two men have been close friends for many years.
(b) Mr. Bacon takes care of Dr. Hendricks' legal matters.
(c) Mrs. Jones is a neighbor of Dr. Hendricks.
(d) Mrs. Jones is in need of legal advice.
(e) Dr. Hendricks was responsible for Mr. Bacon's operation.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Unlike earlier campaigns, the 1960 presidential campaigns featured the politically innovative and highly influential series of televised debates in the contest between the Republicans and the Democratics. Senator John Kennedy established an early lead among the Democratic hopefuls and was nominated in the first ballot at Los Angeles convention to be the representative of the Democratic party in the presidential elections. Richard Nixon, then serving as vice president of the United States under Eisenhower, received the nomination of the Republican party. Both Nixon and Kennedy campaigned vigorously throughout the country, and then took the unprecedented step of appearing face-to-face debates on television. Political experts contend that the debates were a pivotal force in the elections. In front of a viewership of more than 100 million citizens, Kennedy masterfully overcame Nixon's advantage as the better-known and more experienced candidate and reversed the public perception of him as too inexperienced and immature for the presidency.
18. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
(a) Television debates have long been a part of campaigning.
(b) Kennedy was the leading Democratic candidate in the 1960 presidential election.
(c) Kennedy defeated Nixon in the 1960 presidential election.
(d) As a matter of fact, Kennedy was very experienced and mature.
(e) Television debates were influential in the result of 1960 presidential election.
19. The author states that 1960 presidential election was politically innovative because (a) Kennedy won the Democratic presidential fairly easily.
(b) The public firstly gave their endorsement to the fresh and young candidate.
(c) Nixon was then vice president under Eisenhower.
(d) The presidential campaign debate was first televised.
(e) Nixon was defeated despite his many years of experience.
20. Which of the following in NOT mentioned about John. F. Kennedy?
(a) He was nominated on the first ballot.
(b) He was serving as vice president.
(c) He campaigned strongly all over the country.
(d) He was the Democratic party's candidate for presidency.
(e) His television campaign was very successful.
2001 영어 총정리 5회 강의
1. The United States _______ the U.N. Security Council to impose trade sanctions against Iraq for failing to cooperate with U.N. arms inspectors.
(a) called for (b) called up (c) called off (d) called forth (e) called back
2. Internet tools ______ anyone to find and retrieve almost instantly new information, data, images, and even software.
(a) competent (b) enact (c) capable (d) enable (e) facilitate
3. The new goals set by the new president seemed _______ to the employees.
(a) untouchable (b) irresponsible
(c) unreachable (d) tangible (e) intractable
4. Manufacturing is dematerializing. We are witnessing the ____ of goods and services. It is forcing a reconceptualization of what we mean by the terms 'production' and 'product.'
(a) constriction (b) convergence (c) divergence (d) coincidence (e) merger
5. A: Thank you, ________.
B: It was nothing. What are friends for?
(a) mister (b) buddy (c) crony (d) associate (e) Sir
6. A: What's wrong with your right leg?
B: It's ______. That's all. It's going to be all right.
(a) asleep (b) spraining (c) broken (d) being shattered (e) loud
7. A: Then, do you want me to give you a morning call?
B: It won't work. I usually sleep like a _________ .
(a) dog (b) log (c) frog (d) body (e) cinch
8. A: How are things going?
B: Things have been quite _______. I've been so busy lately.
(a) hectic (b) hallow (c) hefty (d) hermetic (e) harrowing
9. Everyone will require to wear the uniform while on duty whether he or she works at
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
the front counter, the drive-through window or the hall.
10. It is sometimes difficult for young people to find someone marry, so some of them
(a) (b)
have turned to computer dating or putting personal ads in the newspapers.
(c) (d) (e)
11. Time reports that on any given day, 70 million Americans _________ some physical activity designed to get them or keep them in shape.
(a) engage (b) engage in
(c) will engage in (d) will be engaged (e) have engaged in
12. The market acceptance of the new computing device depends on the _______ of _____ software.
(a) available - applicable (b) availability - application
(c) available - applicant (d) availability - applicate (e) application - available
13. In a health care jitter that has hundreds of thousands of _____ Americans scrambling for insurance, scores of managed care plans will either quit or sharply reduce their Medicare coverage at year's end. About 444,000 seniors in 30 states will be forced to confront-yet again- one of the most difficult dilemmas of their latter years: how to select and receive affordable, comprehensive health care.
14.
Your extensive analysis of the economic woes in eastern Germany failed to emphasize the obvious: wages in Germany are way too high. Having worked for American, Asian and German companies, I was flabbergasted to discover how much the average German worker gets for working less than 40 hours a week. Unemployment is a simple issue of supply and demand: if there are too many workers, the price of labor has to fall. Germany's unions and politicians must realize that this problem will not be solved by further reducing working hours without wage cuts or by making bigger welfare payments to the unemployed: it will be solved only by creating flexibility in labor pricing and working hours such that companies find it affordable to ______________.
RICHARD JALICHANDRA Budapest
(a) pay more wages (b) reduce working house
(c) hire more employees (d) finance welfare payments
(e) provide dependable allowance
15. In a sign that the region's economic recovery has finally reached long-depressed
working-class neighborhoods in central Los Angeles County, rents in the mid-cities
climbed sharply this year, outpacing the rent increases for most of Southern California. While the gains herald good news- more jobs, better pay and an increasingly confident work force- they also hint at a looming apartment shortage that is further expected to drive up rents and eventually reduce housing choices for the region's poorest.
Q. Rising rents is a good news because
(a) it helps the construction industry. (b) it reflects a strong economy.
(c) it causes poor people to move out. (d) it raises the quality of housing.
(e) it causes poor people to move in.
16. Man's chief purpose is the creation and preservation of values. That is what gives
meaning to our civilization, and participation in this is what gives significance,
ultimately, to the individual human life. Only in so far as values are fostered through
art, religion, science, love and domestic life can men effectively use the machines and
powers that enabled them to tame nature and secure human existence from the worst
outrages and accidents that forever threaten it. Civilization, our very capacity to be
human, rests on that perpetual effort.
Q. What does civilization depend upon?
(a) The machines (b) The powers that make us tame nature.
(c) Domestic life (d) Our effort to foster values.
(e) Human ingenuity
17. Despite these difficulties with the idea of a static and unchanging universe, no one in the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, or early twentieth centuries suggested that the universe might be evolving with time. Newton and Einstein both missed the chance of predicting that the universe should be either contracting or expanding. One cannot really hold it against Newton, because he lived 250 years before the observational discovery of the expanding of the universe. But Einstein should have known better. The theory of general relativity he formulated in 1915 predicted that the universe was expanding. But he remained so convinced of a static universe that he added an element to his theory to reconcile it with Newton's theory and balance gravity.
Q. Which of the following is not true about the passage?
(a) The author finds excuses for Newton.
(b) The author both praises and criticizes Einstein.
(c) The author believes the universe is expanding.
(d) The author endorses Einstein's theory of relativity.
(e) Einstein thought the universe is expanding.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Man, said Aristotle is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex _________. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another.
Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition came to be called the "state," and the rules that maintained it, the "law." With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.
18. The best expression of the main idea of this article is
(a) oppression and society (b) the evolution of man
(c) man's animal instincts (d) the basis for social order
(e) a history of violence and strife
19. What is the most suitable for the blanks
(a) congregation (b) urbanization
(c) civilization (d) globalization (e) hierarchy
20. According to the article, man's uniqueness is attributed to the fact that he is
(a) evolving from a simpler to a more complex being
(b) a social animal
(c) capable of noting his own progress
(d) capable of inflicting injury and causing violence
(e) able to survive by forming groups with allegiance to one another
2001 영어 총정리 6회 강의
1. Payout ratio refers to the percentage of a firm's profits that is paid out to shareholders in the form of _________ .
(a) properties (b) equities (c) dividends (d) stocks (e) payroll
2. The nurse _______ medicine to the patient when he could no longer stand the pain.
(a) administered (b) assigned (c) alloted (d) awarded (e) applied
3. The law does not recognize this type of evidence, and _____ lies the problem.
(a) hereby (b) herein (c) hereof (d) hereupon (e) herefrom
4. Money has been changing from a standard unit of value--a fixed and limited asset, a substantial and absolute "truth"--into something ethereal, ________, and electronic. Money is now an image.
(a) virulent (b) virile (c) voluminous (d) volatile (e) voluptuous
5. I am really exhilarated that I am going to be promoted. I think I deserve it because I've been __________.
(a) working my fingers to the bone (b) up to my knees in work
(c) in work (d) at work (e) out of work
6. W: I think you shouldn't beat around the bush in this heart-to-heart talk.
M: Well, don't worry. I will be frank and boil the long story down.
(a) avoid giving a clear answer (b) let your hair down
(c) get things of your chest (d) put your cards on the table (e) double cross
7. M: I was really disappointed with what George did to me. He let the cat out of the bag. And I didn't totally expect that.
W: People have said that about him. I mean, he is somebody who easily blows the whistle on the people who're trusting him.
(a) spilt the beans (b) blew over
(c) was stuck (d) jumped to conclusions (e) use his noodles
8. What is false account for the colloquial expression?
W: You know that Jimmy's just gone under the knife for a tumor in his left leg?
M: Of course, I knew that. His wife went to pieces.
W: Why was that?
M: It was because the doctors were confidential. She thought Jimmy went from bad
to worse. She really went nuts at that moment.
W: Oh, she's gone too far. Everyone knows that Jimmy will be out of the woods soon.
M: I thought so. Jimmy's wife is too timid.
I think she should keep a stiff upper lip in the situations like that.
(a) go under the knife - have surgery (b) go to pieces - go into parts
(c) go from bad to worse - deteriorate (d) out of the woods - no longer in danger
(e) keep a stiff upper lip - keep reticent
9. Various animal have shells that keep themselves from growing beyond a certain size.
(변시 99) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
10. The salmon and the carrier pigeon can find their way home as we cannot: they
(a) (b)
have, as it was, a practical memory that man cannot match. But their actions always
(c) (d)
depend on some form of habit: on instinct or on learning, which reproduces by rote a
(e)
train of known responses. (변시 99)
11. I have described imagination as the ability to make images and to move them about
(a)
inside one's head in new arrangements. This is the faculty that is specially human, and
(b) (c)
it is the common root in which science and literature both spring and grow and flourish
(d)
together. (변시 99)
(e)
12. We the faculty take no pride in our educational achievements with you. We have
(a)
prepared you for a world that does not exist, indeed, that cannot exist. You have spent
(b) (c)
four years supposing that failure leaves no record. But starting now, in the world which
(d) (e)
you go, failure marks you. (변시 99)
13. The scientist who created Dolly the cloned sheep is to move into human cloning
next. Ian Wilmut was in talks with a company funding a team expected to begin an
embryo clone project within weeks, for therapeutic research. Asked if he felt
comfortable about creating a human embryo clone, Wilmut, from the Roslin Institute
in Edinburgh, replied: "________" He added: "I clearly understand that to some people
it's deeply offensive and I think it's very important that it is a social decision that's
taken.... but yes, I personally would be prepared to do that because these are
frightening diseases."
(a) Yes, I do. (b) No, I don't.
(c) I don't know. (d) Yes and no. (e) Absolutely not.
14. Perhaps the most famous costume in film history is Chaplin's "Charlie the tramp"
outfit. The costume is an indication of both class and character conveying the complex mixture of vanity and luster that makes Charlie appealing. The moustache, derby hat, and cane all suggest the meticulous gentleman. The cane is used to give the impression of self-importance as Charlie strolls confidently before a hostile world. But the baggy trousers, oversized shoes, and too-tight coat all suggest Charlie's
insignificance and poverty. Chaplin's view of mankind is symbolized by that costume:
vain, absurd, and -finally- poignantly vulnerable.
Q. Which of the following best summarizes the above passage?
(a) Charlie's costume shows both his class and character, and man's general nature.
(b) Charlie's costume makes him appealing despite the vanity of his complex character.
(c) Charlie is a character who wants to be dignified by wearing his shabby costume.
(d) Charlie wanted to convey the voice of the lower classes by wearing their clothes.
(e) Charlie was a very meticulous gentleman.
15.
Dear Mr. Schults:
Mr. Ron Johnson gave us your name as a reference. Would you please answer the following questions concerning his employment with you?
1. Did he supervise other employee? Would you rate him highly as a
supervisor?
2. Was he responsive for any cash funds? How responsible was he?
3. Mr. Johnson indicated that he left your firm for a job that would
pay more. Was there any reason you did not attempt to retain him
on your staff?
Finally, would you recommend him for a job with us in a managerial position. Your comments will be kept in the strictest confidence.
Sincerely,
Charles Herman Personnel Manager
Q. Why did Mr. Herman write this letter to Mr. Schultz?
(a) Because he knew him personally.
(b) Because he wanted him to recommend new employees
(c) Because he was given his name by Mr. Johnson.
(d) Because he thought he was a good supervisor.
(e) Because he regarded him responsible.
16. How can the world best handle the major crises it will face in the next century? A
report released this month by the United Nations Development Program, Global Public
Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, says the ideal approach is through increased global teamwork, to ensure that both rich and poor can enjoy such basic entitlements as education, human rights, financial stability and a clean environment. Among the report's proposals: creating a global library to make information on subjects like tropical diseases and agriculture easy to tap into, with those who benefit the most paying a small fee.
Q. Which proposal is specifically suggested in this paragraph?
(a) By relieving the burden of tax for the poorest.
(b) By consolidating the collaboration among the nations.
(c) By ensuring the basic rights to everyone.
(d) By establishing a library.
(e) By encouraging traffic of information
17. CIA Director John Deutch has warned that hostile foreign governments and pesky hackers, who seek to tap into, and perhaps disrupt, classified military databases and networks, threaten U.S. national security. "We have evidence that a number of countries around the world are developing the strategies and tools to conduct information attacks," Deutch reported. He also said that cyberwar could threaten civillian government and private sector information transactions, too. "My greatest concern is that hackers, terrorist organizations, or other nations might use information warfare techniques as part of a coordinated attack designed to seriously disrupt the computer systems U.S. businesses and government agencies increasingly rely on," he said.
Q. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
(a) How to Cope with Information warfare
(b) Organized Attacks by terrorists and Hackers
(c) How to Balance the Merit and Demerit of the Internet
(d) Cyberwar -- Growing Threat to the U.S.
(e) Excessive Dependence on Computer System in the U.S.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
The activities of civilized man have caused the most terrible destruction of nature and more often than not the destruction of people and their culture. In any modern city of today, the consumerist culture exhibits an insatiable and immoral appetite to plunder and to devour the natural world. This culture, which we call civilization, has been the cost of the native peoples and all other beings living with nature. And now, even at the cost of the future generation. Perhaps, the way out of this suicidal course for humanity is a return to nature. But this is not so easy, as the civilized world has lost their vital links with nature. Today human consciousness has become more and more distant from nature. The civilized world has much to learn from the way of life of the native tribal peoples. Only they have been successful in living with harmony and peace along side the nature throughout many generations. Unfortunately though, what is happening, instead, is they are continually confronted everywhere with a technological and cultural invasion, causing destruction in the name of a development, which they cannot comprehend.
18. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
(a) We have always lived in consumerist culture.
(b) We should define the concept of civilization in a very different way.
(c) The native tribes would be collapsed due to the destruction of nature.
(d) We should learn how to live with nature for the now and future generation.
(e) We should conserve the natural resources at the expense of our future generation.
19. The author mentions "tribal peoples" because
(a) they are our direct ancestors.
(b) their consciousness also was distant away from nature.
(c) they lived in harmony and peace with nature.
(d) they turned over the destroyed nature to us.
(e) they are endangered by the civilized Western invaders.
20. Which of the following best describes the author's tone?
(a) placid (b) concerned (c) disinterested (d) cynical (e) solicitous
2001 영어 총정리 7회 강의
1. A: I want to ________ this money.
B: Do you want to put it in your savings account.
(a) endorse (b) deposit (c) reserve (d) save (e) withdraw
2. A: What is the cause of his death?
B: The ______ report gave the cause of his death as poisoning.
(a) dichotomy (b) bisection (c) autopsy (d) corpse (e) check-up
3. Trade with the United States provided him with a _______ livelihood.
(a) lucrative (b) destitute (c) lubricious (d) bulky (e) sumptuary
4. For most people the easiest way to experience _______ reality is to go to a
video arcade and try out their 3D games.
(a) virtuous (b) visionary (c) visual (d) virtual (e) veritable
5. The company president _________ to shareholders that profits were down 25 percent.
(a) kept up with (b) broke the news (c) got wrong
(d) got the message (e) made sense
6. Whenever my parents fly back home after visiting me, I feel blue for a while.
(a) am down in the dumps (b) grinned from ear to ear (c) become a tear-jerker
(d) am a happy camper (e) am in seventh heaven
7. The World Bank has helped countries of East Asia ______ over the effects of the region's financial crisis.
(a) come (b) pass (c) make (d) get (e) give
8. What is NOT true account for the colloquial expressions?
W: Jack. I am surprised that you're still drinking here.
M: I hate myself for having to drown my sorrows in this dirty bar when I am in a jam.
W: Don't worry too much about that. I know that you used to be a jack-of-all-trades and top-notch in everyone of them.
M: What does that have to do with what I am now? Look at me now. I am just like a bum.
W: No, Jack. You really are a high-brow, but right now, you are just having a tough break. That's all.
(a) drown my sorrows - drink liquor to forget unhappiness
(b) in a jam - in trouble
(c) Jack-of-all-trade - person who can do many kinds of jobs or work
(d) high-brow - intellectual
(e) tough break - bliss; felicity
9. There are also private employment agencies in many cities. They, too, help people
find jobs, but they cost money; when a worker gets a job through a private agency,
(a) (b) (c)
a fare is charged for the agency's work. (세무사 99)
(d) (e)
10. As slavery rapidly entrenched itself in the plantation colonies during the earlier
(a)
years of the eighteenth century, it forced England colonists to come to grips with
(b) (c)
novel problems which were arisen from the very nature of the institution. (세무사 99)
(d) (e)
11. Of nearly approximately 5,000 stars visible to the naked eye only several hundred
(a) (b) (c) (d)
have proper names. (세무사 99)
(e)
12. The river in West Pakistans supplies water to the nearby tillers living in the river
(a) (b)
basin, but they can not irrigate the famine areas 200 miles away. (세무사 99)
(c) (d) (e)
13. "Personality, in our sense, is a Shakespearean invention, and is not only Shakespeare's greatest originality but also the authentic cause of his perpetual pervasiveness." So Harold Bloom opines in his outrageously ambitious Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. This is a titanic claim. But then this is a titanic book, wrought by a latter-day critical colossus and he has made us wonder whether his vision of Shakespeare's influence on the whole of our lives might not be simply the sober truth. Shakespeare is a feast of arguments and insights, written with engaging frankness and affecting immediacy. Bloom ranges through the Bard's plays in the probable order of their composition, relating play to play and character to character, maintaining all the while a shrewd grasp of Shakespeare's own burgeoning sensibility.
Q. How can you best summarize this article?
(a) Shakespeare is a prolific hero and has the extremely perspicacious insight into
the world.
(b) Shakespeare is the most influential artist in the field of play.
(c) Shakespeare is the precursor of incorporating all the epitomes of modern
people.
(d) Shakespeare is a latter-day critical colossus.
(e) Herold Bloom is a latter-day critical colossus.
14. A very representative painting from this collection is "Red Hands." Based on Kang's own hard life, this painting of a nude, squatting women with crimson-red hands expresses sorrow, regret and loneliness. The picture seems to want to step out of its canvas boundary and into real life to carry its message. The dark, gloomy background heightens the sense of resignation. It meditatively approaches sorrow and pain, showing that a certain kind of peacefulness exists __________ . The painting gives the viewers the opportunity to reflect upon their own sorrow.
(a) beyond delight (b) beyond sadness
(c) inside the world (d) inside one's mind (e) below the screen
15. Korea's current economic policy direction is often summed up as "Four plus One,"
which represents the implementation of sustained reform in four sectors (financial,
corporate, public and labor) and the market liberalization policy, which embraces
globalism and openness. Accordingly, Korea attaches high value to the role of
international investors in supporting _________________________. The government
stands ready to treat foreign investors (creditors included) fairly and to preserve a
level playing field for business opportunities.
(a) social infrastructure improving and consumer market protecting
(b) corporate sector restructuring and capital market deepening
(c) less free market system and labor flexibility
(d) public sector organizing and financial institutions renovating
(e) conglomerate corroborating and small business boosting
16. In the five years since the world summit on population in Cairo, the planet's
population has increased by another 400 million. The reason for this large growth in
population is because the number of women of childbearing age is increasing rapidly,
a crucial demographic factor known as "population momentum". An unprecedented 1
billion teenagers are just entering their reproductive years. In 70 developing nations
more than 40 percent of the population is under 15. The only way to curtail new
population explosion is to offer these teenagers education, contraception, and a large
piece of the economic pie.
Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?
(a) 5 years after the world summit on population in Cairo, the world's population has become 400 million.
(b) Growth of the world's population has slowed down since the Cairo summit.
(c) "Population momentum" is responsible for the large growth in population.
(d) The number of teenagers is decreasing in 70 developing nations.
(e) Population explosions can be prevented by providing education, medicine and
food.
17. The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total
change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social
framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already
independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not
breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.
During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing.
Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the
more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. The United States based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode
Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials,
everywhere ousted, were replaced by a homegrown governing class, which promptly
sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.
Q. What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?
(a) The transport of prisoners to Australia.
(b) The creation of new state governments.
(c) The secession campaign of the South.
(d) Events leading up to the American Revolution.
(e) How Canada and the United States became friends.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
The world above the forest floor can be observed by all of us. Rarely, however, do we take the time to notice the teeming life and bustling activity that occurs beneath the ground we walk on.
Of all soil-dwelling creatures, the most abundant are mites and springtails, insect-like creatures that literally eat their way through caverns of subterranean vegetation. The tiny, eight-legged mites lay their eggs on plant matter, which their larvae eat and convert into fresh soil. The bright-colored springtails are named for their ability to leap long distances during their search for decomposed plant matter to eat.
Both mites and springtails are prey to a host of soil-dwelling predators. They thus anchor one end of the food chain that extends to higher forms of forest "lowlife," such as moles that feed on earthworms and shrews that eat beetles.
Those mammals, in turn, dig tunnels that function as underground byways for other subterranean species. Hibernating chipmunks, turtles, and salamanders sift and mix the soil when they burrow to winter dens. Cottontails and gray foxes excavate shallow dens as sanctuary from predators and harsh weather, while gray squirrels, hiding acorns for the lean season, further blend the earth. From microbe to people, thousands of species work the land upon which all life depends.
18. According to the passage, all of the following are true about mites and springtails EXCEPT
(a) they make soil fresh
(b) they resemble insects
(c) they form the lower end of the food chain
(d) they hibernate for the winter
(e) they are two among the most abundant
19. An example of predator and prey given in this passage is
(a) mites and springtails (b) turtles and salamanders
(b) moles and earthworms (e) gray squirrels and acorns
(e) cottontails and gray foxes
20. According to the author, the contribution that all the animals mentioned in the passage make to their habitat is
(a) they form the food chain (b) they work the soil
(c) they find safety in the soil (d) they convert plant material to new earth
(e) they sift and mix the soil when they burrow to winter dens.
2001 영어 총정리 8회 강의
1. When you want to purchase a(n) _____, you do not need a doctor's prescription.
(a) narcotic (b) antidote (c) over-the-counter drug
(d) powerful anesthetic (e) first-aid kits
2. A: My check to the grocery store _______. I was fined $20.00!
B: Did you forget to put money in your account?
(a) rebounded (b) deposited (c) endorsed (d) bounced (e) erased
3. We should increase our efforts to devise ways of ________ oil in order not to
burden future generations.
(a) reserving (b) conserving (c) preserving (d) observing (e) keeping
4. If you tell us which bank you use, we can ____ the money directly into your account.
(a) express (b) telegram (c) wire (d) consign (e) render
5. Whenever Dale's mother-in-law comes to visit, she always sticks her nose into everything.
(a) butts into (b) storms off (c) minds her own business
(d) is a pain in his neck (e) drives her crazy
6. Frank denies stealing, but I can't prove it, so I'll have to _____ him ___________.
(a) give, a break (b) bet, on it (c) give, the benefit of the doubt
(d) give, a green light (e) take, a dim view of
7. The lost boy __________ and found his way to the nearest police station.
(a) lost his cool (b) kept his wits (c) was level-headed
(b) held his ball in (e) became lost cause
8. What is not true account for the colloquial expression?
W: Mr. Jordon. I've been expecting you. Why don't you have a seat here?
M: Thanks. Ms. McCarthy.
W: Mr. Jordon. I've gone through your resume. You graduated from a top university with a good marks. Also, I've found that you are a brain.
M: Thanks for the acknowledgement. I've just been making my own way so far.
W: That's terrific. What we need for the company is someone who has his feet on the ground and keeps his nose to the grindstone.
M: As I mentioned, I've been on the ball all my life. And I think I can be the cream of the crop at this firm.
W: Well, I think you've got this job in the bag.
(a) making one's own way - rely on one's own ability
(b) have one's feet on the ground - be stable and balanced; be as solid as a rock
(c) keep one's nose to the grindstone - always work hard; be diligent (eager-beaver)
(d) on the ball - be persevering
(e) in the bag - certainly
9. The Orange Country office of the Internal Revenue Service ______ free tax advice and assistance to individuals living in Orange County ______ the week of February 17.
(a) will be offering -- during (b) will provide -- for
(c) is going to start -- on (d) is supposed to have -- since (e) will offer-- at
10. We have to look at the handicapped as a people who can overcome their difficulties
(a) (b) (c) (d)
with the necessary assistance and willpower.
(e)
11. The government, which is anxious to reach a satisfactory balance in international
(a) (b) (c)
information flow, had undertaken a wide-ranging program to nurture the database
(d) (e)
industry.
12. In every group there are persons who, secretly aware of their own inadequacies,
(a) (b) (c)
wanted to stand in your way and prevent you from making progress.
(d) (e)
13. For the first time, scientists have created a cancerous human cell by genetically
altering a normal one in the laboratory--a breakthrough that could speed the
development of drugs that wipe out tumors. Researchers know that cancer is caused
by genes turned bad, and they have been trying to develop drugs that fix these flaws.
But up to now, they have been fumbling in the dark: They aren't sure exactly which
combinations of flaws cause the many types of cancer. And they do not know
precisely which drugs repair which faulty genes. Now, with this latest breakthrough,
they will be able to create specific genetic flaws in the lab and then try to find drugs
that work. Moreover, they can use this breakthrough to work backwards and
determine which flaws cause which types of cancer.
Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) Scientists have made a breakthrough that can wipe out tumors.
(b) Scientists have turned cancerous cell normal by using gene engineering
(c) Genetic Engineering will be used to identify some of the major changes that cause cancer.
(d) Cancer is caused by genetically modified food.
(e) Scientists succeeded in developing genes that can fix cancerous flaws.
14. American attitudes toward alcohol are paradoxical: we focus almost exclusively on
abstinence, yet we frequently drink to excess. (a) Every year $2 billion is spent
advertising and promoting alcohol's intoxicating nature, at the same time $10 billion is
used to treat people who can't handle their liquor. (b) On average, we are drinking
less these days, but we're drinking worse. (c) Many social organizations are now
helping people who are alcoholics, drug abusers and sufferers of family violence. (d)
Individual consumption has declined 20 percent since 1980, (e) but the number of
alcoholics and alcohol abusers--problem drinkers who have social, legal, or family
problems as a result of their drinking--hasn't decreased.
15. Some experts believe that childhood is the ideal time to begin learning another
language. They speak of peak periods, and say that the younger a child is, the more
easily she will learn. While this may be true in an environment where the learner is
submersed in the language, there is little evidence to support this claim when it
comes to child and adult language learners in the classroom. ___________, adult
learners have many advantages ____ younger learners: better memories; more efficient
learning strategies; and so on.
(a) As a matter of fact -- over (b) For example -- against
(c) As long as -- over (d) Actually -- than
(e) In fact -- as
16. Proponents of doctor-assisted suicide, or euthanasia, argue that sparing terminally ill
people tremendous physical and emotional torment is an act of mercy. No reasonable
person, they say, should object to someone helping another to die when prolonging
life only extends suffering. Under such conditions, ____________ should give way to
compassion. Opponents, however, argue that it would be unwise not to weigh very
carefully the reservations of many generations of religious, medical and moral leaders.
The legitimization of euthanasia will open other doors that society has long kept
firmly shut. The concern of doctors must be how best to prolong and enhance life,
__________.
(a) personal anguish -- and console people for their pain
(b) usual practices -- not how to end it
(c) financial concerns -- but should consider the mores
(d) causal reasoning -- and how to make people fit
(e) ethical restrictions -- not how to end it
17. Such deadlocks usually can be avoided. Negotiations often get stuck on a single
point. When this happens, move on. Find as many areas of agreement as you can.
Then return to the problem issue. Sometimes, however, deadlocks can't be broken.
Recognizing your options can increase your negotiating power. Imagine you're at a car dealership. Ask yourself. If I don't buy this car, what are my alternatives? They could include going to another dealer, buying a different model, fixing up your old car. Any time you create a better alternative for yourself, the "best deal" you're offered _______.
(a) is too good to be true (b) may not be good enough
(c) is always the worst (d) is not to be struck
(e) is always the best
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Economists have received the unfair reputation of being unable to agree on anything. The image of economists in disagreement is part of our folklore. An English commentator wrote: "If parliament were to ask six economists for an opinion, seven answers could come back--two no doubt from the volatile Mr. Keynes." The London Times laments the "rise in skepticism about what economists can tell us." and Business Week complains about "the intellectual bankruptcy of the economic profession."
The image of widespread disagreement among economists is overrated. The results of a survey of 100 professional economists confirm that there is considerable agreement among economists about what can be done (positive economics), especially in a microeconomic context. However, there is more disagreement over what ought to be done. Questions of what ought to be done (Should we equalize the distribution of income? Should we increase defense spending?) require moral and political value judgments on which individuals naturally differ. Finally, disagreement among professional economists receives more publicity than other scientific professions, which contributes to the false image of economists in disaccord.
While disagreements in other sciences are as strong or even stronger than in economics, these disagreements are less visible to the public eye. Theoretical physicists have disagreed about the physical nature of the universe since the foundations of physics, but this scientific controversy is understood by only a few theoretical physicists.
It doesn't require much disagreement to bring economic disputes to the public's attention. Everyone is interested in economic questions: Will inflation accelerate? Will I lose my job? Why is the price of gasoline rising so fast? Why are home mortgages so hard to come by? Economists do disagree, particularly on some big macroeconomic issues. But often what the public perceives as disagreements over positive economics are really disagreements over what ought to be. In general there is more agreement than disagreement among economists.
18. According to the passage, the commentator mentions Mr. Keynes as noted for his
(a) good sense (b) inconsistency of opinions (c) predictability
(d) clairvoyence (e) greediness
19. According to the passage, positive economics is
(a) an attempt to convince disgruntled economists
(b) statements in microeconomics about what is possible
(c) a study about how much help an economist give for economic problems
(d) financial statements showing gain
(e) results of economic survey
20. According to the passage, which of the following statements describes disagreements between theoretical physicists?
(a) They are fairly recent situations.
(b) They are not easily understood by non-physicists.
(c) They continuously seek counsels from economists.
(d) The public follow them intensely.
(e) They are not worthy of publication.
2001 영어 총정리 9회 강의
1. Please __________ the quarterly progress report to your next e-mail communication.
(a) assemble (b) append (c) associate (d) affiliate (e) adhere
2. The U.S. and Cuba were _______ in a dispute over the extradition of Cuban citizens.
(a) violated (b) embroiled (c) moderated (d) annihilated (e) solicited
3. The value of foreign currencies _________ depending on the strength of their economy at any given time.
(a) fluctuates (b) flutters (c) flickers (d) flaps (e) flatters
4. I can't understand a word you're saying. Stop _________ and enunciate clearly.
(a) articulating (b) mourning (c) mumbling (d) moaning (e) mixing
5. The elderly couple's adopted son received the lion's share of the estate, while two nephews received smaller portions.
(a) drop in the bucket (b) majority (c) rideshare
(d) bargain-hunter (e) daydream
6. Temur's friends waited __________ for him to appear at the surprise birthday party.
(a) on pins and needles (b) on edge (c) on credit
(d) on the double (e) on the same wavelength
7. The supervisor immediately regretted talking about the possibility of employee layoffs. What a(n) _____________ !
(a) skeleton on his closet (b) slip of the tongue (c) tough cookie
(d) real sport (e) coincidence
8. What is NOT proper account for the colloquial expressions?
M: I am so surprised that such a supervisor like him was born on the wrong side of
the tacks.
W: I was too at first. But, as you know, all of us in the department take our hats of
to him, because he's been a go-getter, and come a long way in the company.
M: Yeah, I think so. He must have batted a thousand. For that age, he still have a
good head on his shoulders in the work.
W: You're right. He's the one who's succeeded all the way from the bottom even though he had two strikes against him.
(a) the wrong side of the tracks - the poor social class
(b) take one's hats off to somebody - show respect
(c) bat a thousand - achieve a thousand record
(d) have a good head on one's shoulders - be lenient
(e) have two strikes against someone - be in an adversity
9. Although certain features of human behavior are known to have a genetic basis, but
(a) (b)
it is impossible to assess the effects of the environment on the expression of the many
(c) (d)
genes that influence behavior.
(e)
10. Because of longer life expectancy and a decline in the birth rate, the number of
(a)
people aged 75 years and older in the U.S. will grow at a rate two-and-a-half times
(b) (c)
those of the national average over the next two decades.
(d) (e)
11. Computer operation is based on math, and truly understanding computers requires
(a) (b) (c)
some fairly sophisticated mathematic and scientific concepts.
(d) (e)
12. The more a robot can be programmed regarding its domain of activity, the best it
(a) (b) (c)
can perform that activity without frequent human intervention or reprogramming.
(d) (e)
13. Early in the 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency formally classified secondhand tobacco smoke as a human carcinogen. The report concluded that environmental smoke is a serious health risk for nonsmokers, responsible for many adult deaths through lung cancer annually, and increased respiratory infections in young children. The Environmental Protection Agency also suggested that employers could be legally liable if they knowingly expose workers to a health hazard.
Q. Why would employers adopt the no-smoking policy?
(a) They want a smoke-free workplace.
(b) Thy can be sued for neglecting an unhealthy environment.
(c) They feel danger from smokers.
(d) They fully understand the health risk of secondhand smoke.
(e) They can be provided with financial support.
14. Members of the Group of Seven which is comprised of leading industrialized nations moved Thursday to reassure the Brazilian government of their international support for its economic reform package in the wake of Wednesday's financial turmoil. Finance ministers of the G-7 have been in close contact since the Brazil crisis erupted Wednesday. And although they have not gone as far as to issue any joint statements on the Brazilian situation, comments from individual members suggest that they were in agreement with what attitude they should take.
Q. What is likely to be the best title for the news?
(a) Brazil assured of G-7 support.
(b) Conjuring up Brazil's decrepit economy
(c) Brazil's financial turmoil.
(d) Brazil's economic reform package.
(e) The relationship between Brazil and G-7.
15. Children should be exposed to a wide variety of things, places and people. Reading
a book about a farm isn't nearly as educational as visiting a real farm where your
child can hear chickens cluck, smell hay, and pat a horse or a cow. Your child will
find seeing these things in books later on more exciting and interesting because
_____________________. You should remember the importance of keeping a balance
between reading with real-life experiences.
(a) reading books is a way to experience life
(b) they will have real meaning for him/her
(c) real-life experience can be expensive
(d) everyone enjoys seeing farm animals
(e) s/he has already learn them with various materials
16. Seeking to further discredit U.S. allegations that it stole American nuclear weapons
technology, China said Thursday that its scientists had long ago developed their own
neutron bomb. China ________ its first neutron bomb 11 years ago, something widely
known in the international community. However, in keeping ____ the secretive nature
of China's military establishment, apparently no public announcements were made by
officials or the state-run media.
(a) expanded -- with (b) exploded -- with
(c) bursted -- up (d) fulminated -- from (e) launched -- down
17. The political sex scandal has been the top news story for a month now, and many
people are starting to say they just wish it would end. For some people, the original
interest in the president's personal life has now turned to disgust. For others, there
has always been an idea that they don't need to know. Most people agree that the
true nature of the scandal is just another political battle between the two major
parties. Still, as long as people continue buying newspapers with headlines about the
scandal, the press will continue to report on it, regardless of whether readers say
they've had enough of it.
Q. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
(a) People's opinions about the scandal are mostly negative.
(b) People like reading newspapers.
(c) The scandal has been consuming people's minds.
(d) People's lives are often scandalous.
(e) Scandal should never appear in the political scene anymore.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Medical research on the prevention of strokes has recently made several breakthroughs. The researchers studied strokes that are caused by an irregular heart rhythm that produces blood clots. When those clots get lodged in an artery that supplies blood to the brain, they reduce blood flow and produce a stroke. Up to 75,000 Americans who have strokes each year suffer from irregular heart rhythms. The use of the blood- thinning drug warfarin cuts the risk of a stroke by 67 percent. The data also suggest that aspirin is effective and is a reasonable alternative. Doctors might feel more comfortable prescribing aspirin because of the slight possibility that warfarin may lead to internal bleeding.
In separate studies with patients with severe narrowing of the carotid artery, one of the most common causes of a stroke, a form of surgery now exists which effectively prevents strokes. The surgery involves the removal of a portion of the carotid artery in the neck when it is partially blocked by cholesterol deposits. When the blocked portion has been removed, the artery is reconnected with an artificial tube or a vein from elsewhere in the body.
The research on stroke prevention has showed such dramatic results that doctors have abruptly halted the studies in order to make the information immediately available to all patients.
18. What does this passage mainly discuss?
(a) Surgery to prevent strokes (b) Prudent diets for heart disease
(c) Strokes and their causes (d) New measures for preventing strokes
(e) Medication for stroke victims
19. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true of the drug warfarin?
(a) It might possibly lead to internal bleeding
(b) It has been effective in preventing strokes.
(c) It has been used in research studies on people with irregular heartbeats.
(d) Aspirin can be used as an alternative for it.
(e) It eliminates cholesterol deposits in arteries.
20. According to the article, the data about aspirin suggest that
(a) it is not as useful as warfarin
(b) it is linked to internal bleeding
(c) it could be used instead of warfarin
(d) it is a substitute for surgery of the carotid artery
(e) it narrows the carotid artery
2001 영어 총정리 10회 강의
1. The attorney is ________ debater; he ______ the cross-questioning of the Supreme Court Judge.
(a) a forceful--anticipates (b) an inept--dreads
(c) an intelligent--enjoys (d) a fatigued--ignores
(e) a preposterous--arbitrate
2. I made a(n) _________ effort to repair the leak but I soon realized that I would have to call a plumber.
(a) acrid (b) static (c) vindictive (d) vindicative (e) tentative
3. Poor _______ conditions in the refugee camps led to widespread disease.
(a) salubrious (b) nutritious (c) crippled (d) compounded (e) sanitary
4. Many people argue about whether or not life support should be used to ________ a terminal patient's life.
(a) delay (b) expand (c) extenuate (d) prolong (e) elongate
5. She is queer. She told you that you had a nice dress, but when you left the party, she said that you're too chubby for that dress. She is _______
(a) through the grapevine (b) two-faced
(c) stabbed me in the back (d) tip her off (e) sail into
6. When I asked where Mary was, her assistant said that she was at an important business meeting, even though Mary wasn't back from lunch. She tried to ____ for her.
(a) cover up (b) blow the whistle
(c) bark up the wrong tree (d) feel it in her bones (e) eavesdrop
7. When the president comes here, I want all of you to behave well. If you ________, you will get what you deserve.
(a) wear the pants (b) step out of line
(b) lose track of (d) chew the fat (e) settle down
8. She bought a pricy diamond ring, but it turned out that it was not a ________.
(a) con (b) real McCoy
(c) cold turkey (d) bonanza (e) tearjerker
※ Choose the best translation of the following.
9. 역사에서 우연이 어떤 역할을 한다는 것에는 의심할 여지가 없다. (지방고등고시 97)
(a) It is undoubtedly true that the chance plays a role in history.
(b) It is undoubtedly right that any chance plays some part in history.
(c) It is unquestionably true that chance plays some action in history.
(d) There is no room for doubt that chance plays some part in history.
(e) There is no room for suspicion that a chance plays a role in history.
10. 제아무리 재능이 있다해도 한 인간이 봉사정신이 없다면 존경받을 가치가 없다. (“)
(a) Whatever a talented person a man may be, he does not deserve to be respected if he has no service mind.
(b) Whatever a competent person a man may be, he is not to be respected if he has no public spirit.
(c) Whatever an able person a man may be, he does not deserve to be respected if he has no working mind.
(d) However competent a man may be, he is not to be respected unless he has no public spirit.
(e) However talented a man may be, he does not deserve to be respected unless he has public spirit.
11. 공고가 일찍 나지 못한 까닭에 강의에 온 사람이 생각보다 적었습니다. (행시 97)
(a) Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held so late.
(b) It was announced that the lecture was held so late as more people to attend.
(c) Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early announcement.
(d) Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have attended the lecture.
(e) The lecture, being announced lately, draw more poeple than expected.
12. 총장님께서 오늘 밤 10시에 방송에 출연하신다고 합니다. (행시 97)
(a) They say that the President will go on the air tonight at 10 o'clock.
(b) It is said that President will be showing an aired program tonight at 10 o'clock.
(c) I heard that the President would be broadcasted at 10 o'clock.
(d) The President is said to be in the broadcast at 10 o'clock.
(e) The President say that he will be broadcasted tonight at 10 o'clock.
13. New technologies and new institutions are combining to substantially alter these four traditional sources of competitive advantage. Natural resources essentially drop out of the competitive equation. Being born rich becomes much less of an advantage than it used to be. Technology gets turned upside down. New product technologies become secondary: new process technologies become primary. And in the twenty-first century, the education and skills of the work force will end up being the dominant
competitive weapon.
Q. Which of the following statements cannot be inferred from the passage above?
(a) The education and skills of the work force was not a major competitive weapon.
(b) Natural resources were included in the competitive equation.
(c) The education and skills of the work force will be the dominant competitive force.
(d) Product technologies were primary.
(e) Four traditional sources of competitive advantage are no longer advantages.
14. 순서대로 맞게 배치한 것은?
A. Researchers who studied tooth enamel from the fossilized remains of hominids called Australopithecus africanus found the chemical signature of foods that grew on the open plains as well as in the forest.
B. The ancestors of modern humans were more than tree-climbers, according to a new
study.
C. The ape-like creatures millions of years ago probably also caught and ate small animals even before the invention of stone tools.
D. It is thought that this higher-protein food may have played a role in the revolution of the larger brain of modern humans.
E. This study indicates the species fed on high protein animal foods, perhaps insects or small mammals.
(a) A-C-D-B-E (b) B-C-E-A-D
(c) D-C-B-A-E (d) D-E-B-A-C (e) B-C-A-E-D
15. MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a flavor enhancer found in many prepared foods.
Scientists are not sure exactly how MSG works, but they suspect that it somewhat
increases the number of nerve impulses that allow us to taste things. Several years
ago, public pressure blocked manufacturers from using MSG in baby foods. Studies
had shown that large amounts of MSG destroy brain cells in mice. After eating large
amounts of MSG, some people get a burning sensation in the neck and forearms,
tightness in the chest, and a headache.
Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) There has been no scientific research providing the noxiousness of MSG.
(b) MSG is a kind of chemical produced in our body to taste things.
(c) A small amount of MSG has no influence on humans.
(d) MSG can be harmful to us when taken in large amounts.
(e) MSG has never used in baby foods.
16. In marine habitats, a number of small creatures are involved in a "cleaning
symbiosis." At least six species of small shrimp, frequently brightly colored, crawl over fish, picking off parasites and cleaning injured areas. This is not an accidental
occurrence, because fish are observed to congregate around these shrimp and stay
motionless while being inspected. Several species of small fish (wrasses) are also
cleaners, nearly all of them having appropriate adaptations such as long snouts,
tweezer-like teeth, and bright coloration. Conspicuous coloration probably
communicates that these animals are not prey.
Q. What is the topic of this passage?
(a) Marine life.
(b) Why fish need to be cleaned.
(c) How certain sea creatures clean other fish.
(d) How fish are adapted to be cleaners.
(e) The symbiosis of marine animals
17. In 1989, the age of our solar system's sun was calculated to be 4.49 billion years old. This was about 200 million years younger than previous estimates. (a) The Earth is said to be youngest planet in the solar system. (b) The sun probably was formed by the condensation of hydrogen mixed with small amounts of helium and other
substances that had been manufactured in the body of other stars before the creation
of the sun. (c) This condensing 'cloud' of gases not only led to the creation of our
sun, but to the rest of the solar system as well. (d) The hot dense gas at the core of
the cloud became the sun, (e) while the cooler less dense outer portion of the cloud gave birth to the planets.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
The killer sea waves known as tsunamis are so quiet in their approach from afar, so seemingly harmless, that until recently their history has been one of surprise attack.
Our in the middle of the ocean, the distance between tsunami wave crests can be 100 miles and the height of the waves no more than three feet: mariners can ride one and suspect nothing. At the shoreline, the first sign is often an ebbing of the waters that leaves fish stranded and slapping on the bottom. However, this is not a retreat but rather a gathering of forces. When the great waves finally do strike, they rear up and batter harbor and coast, inflicting death and damage.
These seismic sea waves--or tidal waves, as they are sometimes called--bear no relation to the moon or tides. And the word "tsunami," Japanese for "harbor wave," relates to their destination rather than their origin. The causes are various: undersea or coastal earthquakes, deep ocean avalanches or volcanism. Whatever the cause, the wave motion starts with a sudden jolt like a whack from a giant paddle that displaces the water. And the greater the undersea whack, the greater the tsunami's devastating power.
In 1883, Krakatoa volcano in the East Indies erupted, and the entire island collapsed in 820 feet of water. A tsunami of tremendous force ricocheted around Java and Sumatra, killing 36,000 people with walls of water that reached 115 feet in height.
In 1946 a tsunami struck first near Alaska and then, without warning, hit the Hawaiian islands, killing 159 people and inflicting millions of dollars of damage. This led to the creation of the Tsunami Warning System, whose nerve center in Honolulu keeps a round-the-clock vigil with the aid of new technology. If the seismic sea waves are confirmed by the Honolulu center, warnings are transmitted within a few hours to all threatened Pacific points. While tsunami damage remains unavoidable, lives lost today are more likely to be in the tens than in the thousands. Tsunamis have been deprived of their most deadly sting--________.
18. The author's main point in this passage is that
(a) seismic sea waves today are carefully monitored and cause less damage than in the past
(b) tsunamis can do little damage when they strike
(c) there is little possibility of avoiding
(d) we need better equipment to track the movements of tsunamis
(e) tsunamis and their origin are ambiguous
19. According to the passage, seismic sea waves
(a) are easily detected by fishermen
(b) are named "tsunami" for the origin of the wave in the harbor
(c) are called tidal waves because of their relation to the moon
(d) originate far from the place where they strike
(e) are started from the harbor as its name implies
20. What is the most appropriate for the blank?
(a) disturbance (b) casuality (c) fatality (d) fang (e) surprise
2001 영어 총정리 11회 강의
1. Even when he is loaded down with stress, he always has a cool, calm _______.
(a) composure (b) extraneousness (c) perturbation (d) extrovert (e) exotic
2. If you are having problems with your boss, I'd be happy to ______ on your behalf.
(a) interfere (b) interrupt (c) intrude (d) intervene (e) interdict
3. He is a modest, mild-mannered man, without a trace of _______ .
(a) self-confidence (b) self-denial
(c) self-importance (d) self-help (e) self-reliance
4. The _________ contraction and relaxation of muscles appeared to have a beneficial
effect on blood circulation.
(a) alternative (b) alteration (c) altercation (d) alternate (e) altruistic
5. The president has vowed to carry _______ with the bombing campaign regardless of
public opinion.
(a) out (b) up (c) on (d) over (e) off
6. The Russian government is trying desperately to ________ an agreement to
finance its debts.
(a) make up (b) hand over (c) sign up (d) work out (e) look over
7. Tickets for tomorrow's game are all sold ________.
(a) up (b) through (c) out (d) back (e) away
8. M: How are you doing for time? There's such a lot of traffic.
W: There's plenty of time, no problem.
M: What are those warning lights, why are they flashing?
W: Oh-oh- twenty miles an hour speed limit. There must be a hold-up on the bridge.
M: A hold-up? You mean a robbery?
W: No, much worse! Either there's been an accident, or they're repairing the road.
M: Do you think that's worse than a robbery?
W: It is from our point of view.
Q. According to the dialogue, what is true?
(a) The woman committed a robbery. (b) There is a traffic accident on the bridge.
(c) An accident is worse than a robbery. (d) The traffic is very heavy.
(e) People are repairing the road.
※ Select the part which is not acceptable for standard written expression. (세무사 2000)
9. In Mexico, Rousseau's mind had stored with an exotic imagery of birds, beasts and
(a)
flowers, and when, twenty years later, he began to paint, he painted these tropical forest
(b) (c)
scenes, direct from memory, and in his memory, these elements had arranged
(d) (e)
themselves in bold decorative designs.
10. This week a fundamentalist group will launch an attack on McCain's tax-and-
(a)
budget plan, which would require that stock or items donating to charity be valued at
(b) (c) (d)
their purchase price, not their presumed current market price.
(e)
11. It is not surprising, then that Maya civilization collapsed around A,D, 900 and that
(a)
nothing comparing reappeared in the depleted area, where slash-and-burn cultivation
(b) (c)
now supports a sparse population. In contrast to the Mexican highlands, the Maya state
(d) (e)
rose just once and fell forever.
12. In our modern world, every one of us must eat, drink, and inhale carcinogens, and one out of four alive people today will develop cancer as a result. It has therefore
(a) (b) (c)
become more practical than fatalistic to familiarize ourselves with the old much-debated
(d)
issues surrounding this disease.
(e)
13. When the Los Angeles earthquake destroyed billions of dollars worth of property, the California state government looked to the federal government for financial aid for the quake's victims. This is just one example of why a strong, central government is needed. States alone cannot handle significant local emergencies, so the federal government must step in.
Q. Why should we have a strong central government?
(a) California is in the middle of a crippling recession.
(b) The states aren't capable of dealing with significant catastrophes.
(c) Some states need constant subsidy from the federal government.
(d) Earthquakes always cause lots of damage.
(e) The interests of the few should come below the interests of the many.
14. The World Wide Web may be the most complete realization of the Internet to date.
It was developed in the early 1990s at the European Center for Nuclear Research as a
medium through which scientists in Geneva could share information. It has since
evolved into a medium that consists of text, graphics, audio, animation and video. The
address of a website usually begins with http://www. The World Wide Web is a
graphical environment that can be navigated through hyperlinks. From one site you
click on hyperlinks to go to any number of related sites.
Q. Which of the following is the topic of the above passage?
(a) the advantage and future of the WWW (b) the origin and features of the WWW
(c) how to use the WWW (d) the history of the WWW
(e) the developer of the WWW
15. The five republics of Central Asia emerged from the ruins of the Soviet Empire as
fledgling nation states. Though the countries share strong commonalities of geography,
culture, and history, each has a unique topography, resource base, political climate,
and potential for economic development. Each must come to grips in its own way
with the demands of nationhood and establish independent relationships with Russia,
the larger region, and the world community.
Q. What is the attitude of the writer to Central Asian nations?
(a) Pessimistic (b) Condescending
(c) Optimistic (d) Neutral (e) Eulogic
16. The stages of life, from birth to death, may seem controlled by biology. However, the way we think about life's stages is shaped by society. During the Middle Ages, for example, children were expected to act just like little adults. Adolescence became a
distinct stage of life only recently, when a separate teenage subculture began to
appear. Until then, young people were "children" until about age 16, when they went
to work, married, and had their own children. Today, "young adulthood" has become
a new stage of life, stretching from about age 20 to 30.
Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?
(a) The stages of life are shaped by means of social theories.
(b) Children under age 16 were neglected during the Middle Ages.
(c) Adolescence wasn't regarded as one stage until recently.
(d) Young adulthood is distinct, but without its own subculture.
(e) Young adulthood is ambiguous, but has its own subculture.
17. Following Sarajevo and Srebrenica, Kosovo has entered the long and bloody list of
tragedies that bring dishonor to the outgoing 20th century. (a) Faced with Milosevic`s
stubborn policy of ethnic cleansing for Albanians, no self respecting government or
nation could knowingly violate the Biblical injunction: "Thou shall not stand idly by."
(b) Critics of the attacks on Milosevic say that sending our army to the former
Yugoslvia is in America's national interest. (c) From the economic or geopolitical
viewpoint, the critics may have a point. (d) But a nation is great not because of its
wealth or its military might; (e) its greatness is measured by the way it uses or abuses its wealth and power.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Many people are unaware of how many of the products we use every day come from petroleum and natural gas. In the United States each family of four uses more than two tons of petroleum products annually. That's almost 1200 lb of chemicals each year for every man, woman, and child in the United States--a staggering total of 225 billion pounds of chemicals from petroleum, and to a lesser extent, natural gas.
Of the vast amount of petroleum and natural gas we consume, more than 90 percent is burned as fuels. Only about 5.5 percent is used for the manufacture of petrochemicals by the chemical industry. These petrochemicals vary widely in their functions and include such products as drugs, detergents, rubber, paints, fertilizers, dyes, perfumes, explosives, food preservatives, artificial sweeteners, and agricultural chemicals. Finally, about 1.5 percent of the oil and natural gas is used as raw material for plastics. This small percentage translates into the production of billions of pounds of polymers that yield many different and useful products.
In post-World War II years, the United States was flooded with domestic and imported items of extremely low cost, low quality, and limited lifetime. This led to the image of "cheap plastics" with low durability. Today, however, the image of plastics has changed. Plastics perform an extremely broad range of functions, from heart valves and artificial kidneys to ski boots, nonstick surfaces, super glues, and spacecraft parts, and they compete with natural products in durability. No other materials except plastics could perform all these different functions.
Plastics are replacing more and more parts of your car. The use of 1 lb of plastic can replace an average of 3.5 lb of metal in an automobile. An automobile with 400lb of plastic substituted for metal will weigh about 1000 lb less, which increases its gas mileage by about 3 mi/gal. The fuel savings are estimated to be about 160 million barrels of oil annually. That's more than the total amount used by the chemical industry as raw materials to make the polymers. As another example, synthetic polymer fibers are commonly used in fabrics, for both economical and practical reasons. If the world's synthetic fibers were replaced by cotton, this would require an additional 40 million acres of farmland.
Certainly the use of polymer plastics will increase. One can expect to find more applications in home construction and furniture because of the unlimited design freedom of plastics. Plastics will be used more in drink containers and food packaging. The 700 billion gallons of liquids consumed each year in the United States will find their way to the comsumer more and more in plastic bottles. Diseased or malfunctioning parts of the body will be replaced by specialized plastic components to a greater degree. We are indeed becoming a plastic society.
18. What does this passage mainly discuss?
(a) Production of petroleum and natural gas (b) Plastics and plastic products
(b) New uses of plastic in automobiles (d) The future use of plastics
(e) The versatility of petrochemicals
19. The author believes that the use of plastics in home construction and furniture will increase because plastics
(a) are relatively inexpensive (b) come in decorative colors
(c) are incredibly strong (d) are relatively recent development
(e) lend themselves to flexibility in design
20. Which of the following devices does the author use to present information about plastic products?
(a) Enumeration (b) Metaphor (c) Appeal to experts (d) Comparison (e) Examples
2001 영어 총정리 12회 강의
1. Only the most _______ people are willing to risk their lives to reach the top
of Mount Everest.
(a) intrepid (b) interminable (c) tremulous (d) capricious (e) doleful
2. Arturo Toscanini once _________ a famous opera singer with a sarcastic remark that there were for him no stars except those in the heavens.
(a) cowed (b) favored (c) sided (d) screened (e) wailed
3. The front porch really compliments the ________ of your house.
(a) value (b) facade (c) function (d) structure (e) artifact
4. The theory of our justice system seems to be that incarcerating ____ in the company of their fellows will somehow teach them ethical standards, but experience shows that people tend to become ______ those with whom they most closely associate.
(a) felons--angry with (b) malefactors--interested in
(c) unfortunates--marked by (d) defendants--marked by
(e) criminals--more like
5. A: Could you please ______ the noise down? I'm trying to relax.
B: Sorry, I didn't realize we were talking so loud.
(a) shut (b) take (c) put (d) hold (e) lower
6. A: So far I have given you general information on the project.
B: Thank you. Now please go _____ the details.
(a) on (b) about (c) into (d) upon (e) below
7. A: I'm going to _______ up Jackie tonight. Want to come?
B: Sure, I haven't seen her in ages.
(a) show (b) pass (c) run (d) look (e) drop
8. A: Careful! That car almost hit you. Stay out of the road.
B: You're right. That was a ________ call.
(a) close (b) dangerous (c) near (d) worried (e) short
9. Banks are installing next-generation ATMs that are capable of making change,
(a) (b)
cashing checks down to penny, dispenser everything from stamps, traveler's checks,
(c) (d)
movie tickets, and local store coupons to up-to-the-minute bank statements.
(e)
10. People become more productive when they stay on the same company for a long
(a) (b)
time because they learn how to do their job better, how to reduce costs and improve
(c) (d) (e)
quality.
11. Tropical forests equip precious medicines, food crop varieties, habitat for rare birds
(a) (b) (c)
and other wildlife, and the means of survival for hundreds of millions of people.
(d) (e)
12. The Trade and Investment Commission announced last Wednesday that 29,378 units imported by Monterey Motor Company ________ last year.
(a) are sold (b) had sold (c) had been sold (d) have sold (e) was sold
13. Physiologists, working with both human and animal subjects, have learned much
about the neural processes that take place between the ear and the brain.
Psychologists construct and test conceptual models of the perception process.
Psychoacousticians focus on the perceptual effects of various sounds, and attempt to
build theories based on the responses of many subjects. Computer Scientists and
Engineers have built computer models to make predictions from and test various
theories. Musicians, from earliest times, have been concerned ______________; they
have (consciously or not) exploited the properties of the auditory system.
(a) to do with their ability to feel music
(b) with how the listener perceives music
(c) about their living conditions
(d) over the integrity of their music
(e) that they can be replaced by various scholars
14. Given the ailing state of the Korean economy with it's rising unemployment, falling
production levels and high interest rates, the President of Korea has made attracting
foreign direct investment (FDI) one of his adminstration's top priorities. Under the
current conditions imposed by the IMF in return for it's bail-out package, FDI is
considered essential for the recovery of the economy. ________, not everyone
supports the president's campaign to attract FDI. ______, according to the American
Chamber of Commerce (Amcham) the government's task is difficult because 'it
requires leading the Korean people, from bureaucrats to chaebol leaders and
consumers, to a change in attitude and belief'.
(a) Strangely - On the other hand (b) Unfortunately - Indeed
(c) Nevertheless - However (d) Therefore - To make matters worse
(e) In a nutshell - On the contrary
15. From the lunch counter sit-ins and bus boycotts to the historic freedom march from Selma to Montgomery, this fine volume shows how ______ Americans from every walk of life fought an inspiring battle for "liberty and justice for all."
16. The United States felt fairly secure in the world of 1938. Neither of the great
totalitarian political forces of the century, Fascism nor Communism, was a threat.
__________ France and Britain continued to stand against Hitler and the Nazis, the
United States had nothing to fear militarily from Germany. Elsewhere,
anti-Communism was triumphing in Spain, while in central and eastern Europe
governments hostile to the Soviet Union continued to contain Communism.
(a) Whether or not (b) So long as
(c) In addition to (d) But (e) No matter how much
17. Every dieter knows the difficulty of keeping weight off once you've lost it. Recent
research has discovered the reason for this. After weight loss, the body burns fewer
calories. In fact, of two people of the same weight, the one who recently lost weight
will burn many fewer calories than the one who hasn't lost weight. This is because
dieting causes the body to enter what researchers call "starvation mode." Even exercise is less effective after dieting. The result is that after dieting, people eat sensibly and exercise, but begin gaining weight once again. Researchers are now searching for a way to circumvent this process.
Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?
(a) People becomes more susceptible to illness after dieting.
(b) Dieting causes the body to conserve calories.
(c) People lose weight more easily after dieting.
(d) People have more energy after dieting.
(e) After weight loss, the body burns more calories.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
There is reason today to reflect on the state of higher learning in America in its mission to teach the ordinary student to be a cultured person. The trouble is not simply that the sciences have displaced the humanities. The humanities, as currently taught and studied, are as much addicted to specialized scholarship as are the scientific departments to highly specialized research. The trouble rather is that the broadly educated generalist has become _____________. The ever-increasing specialization of knowledge in all fields has almost completely displaced the generalist.
In most of our colleges, the elective system reigns supreme. Its only requirement-- the choice of a major in one field of subject matter and a minor in another--compels students to specialize before they have acquired the general cultivation that would acquaint them with the ideas and disciplines that are the components of human culture.
18. What is the author's attitude in the passage toward higher education in America?
(a) Understanding (b) Disinterested
(c) Disapproving (d) Emotional (e) Supercilious
19. What is the tone of the passage?
(a) Neutral (b) Concerned (c) Descriptive (d) Inspirational (e) Instructive
20. What is the most appropriate for the blank?
(a) a much praised species (b) an invaluable species
(c) rare species (d) an endangered species (e) a rare species
2001 영어 총정리 13회 강의
1. Before the Industrial Revolution, the earth was once ________ with natural resources.
(a) plenary (b) prodigality (c) fluid (d) replete (e) divine
2. The government is expected to ________ a statement concerning the current
economic crisis.
(a) argue (b) issue (c) pronounce (d) economize (e) relay
3. I need to cancel my _______ of the local newspaper since I have been transferred to the New York office.
(a) refund (b) validation (c) expiration (d) subscription (e) lethargy
4. A: I hate this diet. I'm not losing weight fast enough.
B: You've got to _________ if you want to see results.
(a) persevere (b) pervade (c) sojourn (d) obstinate (e) fatuous
5. A: How did the grand opening of your new store go?
B: It went really well. Everything went off without a ________ .
(a) dent (b) scrape (c) block (d) hitch (e) breeze
6. A: What happened to the couple? They seemed to be very unhappy.
B: Yeah. They _____ up getting divorced.
(a) made (b) took (c) turned (d) wound (e) got
7. A: Don't worry and just __________ !
B: Thank you. I'll be courageous from now on.
(a) give it a rest (b) get out of here
(c) go for it (d) under the knife (e) knock it off
8. A: Did you get the number?
B: Yes, but let me jot it _________ before it slips my mind.
(a) in (b) up (c) down (d) on (e) through
※우리말을 영어로 가장 잘 번역한 것을 고르시오. (문제 9-12 행시 2000)
9. 졸업 후에 나는 신문 기자가 되기 위해 플로리다로 떠났다.
(a) After graduation, I left for Florida to be a newspaper reporter.
(b) After graduation, I was left to Florida to be a newspaper reporter.
(c) After graduated, I was headed for the Florida to be a newspaper reporter.
(d) After graduation, I headed to Florida to being a newspaper reporter.
(e) After graduating, I was headed the Florida for being a newspaper report.
10. 광고가 없다면 신문이 유지될 수 없다.
(a) A newspaper pay down the balance with advertisements.
(b) A newspaper cannot pay its way without advertisements.
(c) We cannot retain a newspaper to pay for no advertisements.
(d) We cannot pay up a newspaper without obtaining advertisements.
(e) We can hardly pay away a newspaper by our advertisements.
11. 난방이 수리될 때까지 한 시간을 기다린 후에야 문제토론을 위해서 방에 들어갈 수 었다.
(a) After waiting an hour for the heating to be fixed, we were able to enter the room to discuss the problem.
(b) After waiting an hour for the heating to be fixed, we were able to enter into the room to discuss about the problem.
(c) After an hour we waited for the heating to fix, we were able to enter into the room to discuss about the problem.
(d) After waiting an hour for the heating to fix, we were able to enter into the room to discuss the problem.
(e) After an hour we waited for the heating to be fixed, we were able to enter into the room to discuss the problem.
12. 진지한 과학도가 된다고 해서 과학 이외의 것들에는 전혀 관심이 없는 매우 지루한 사 람이 되는 것은 아니다.
(a) To be a serious science student does not mean to be a very bored person with no interests other than science.
(b) Being a serious science student does not mean being a very boring person with no interests other than science.
(c) To be a serious science student does not mean being a very boring person with no interests other than science.
(d) Being serious science student does not mean being very boring person with no interests rather than science.
(e) Being a serious science student does not mean being a very bored person with no interests rather than science.
13. Almost two centuries ago, the University of London developed the idea of distance
learning or home study. And until the early 1990s, distance learning was pretty much
done the same way using books and the postal service. Nowadays, with a computer
and a modem people can earn their degrees through the Internet. The sending and
receiving of instructions, tests, assignments, and feedback are almost instantaneous,
providing a level of interaction never before imagined in distance learning.
Q. Which of the following best summarizes the above passage?
(a) The Internet has made distance learning obsolete.
(b) The University of London were the pioneers of Internet education.
(c) Accredited On-line university is in fashion worldwide.
(d) College degrees must be earned through home study.
(e) The Internet has made distance learning more interactive.
14. A few hundred kilograms of a properly "weaponized" bacterial preparation, carefully
dried and milled to a precise particle size, has the potential to wipe out the
inhabitants of an entire city in a single strike. A nuclear bomb in the hands of a
deranged person has long been the stuff of nightmares, but the materials needed to
make such a device are hard to obtain and exceedingly tricky to assemble.
Q. Why are biological weapons so dangerous?
(a) Because they are more powerful than nuclear weapons.
(b) Because they are most deadly.
(c) Because they are easy to transport.
(d) Because they are inexpensive.
(e) Because they are easy to produce.
15. As you all know, we need to reach a consensus on how to cut operation costs. Increased automation as well as downsizing both have their merits. But without acceptance and agreement by our employees, we risk causing low morale in the workplace. An acceptable solution might be to stop new hiring as well as to update our computer system. This would allow us to keep costs at a minimum without laying anyone off. I'd like each of you to express yourself on this topic, and hopefully we can reach an agreement.
Q. What does the speaker want the people in the meeting to do?
(a) Brainstorm about effective ways to lay off workers.
(b) Have a good discussion about the unemployment problem.
(c) Reach a unanimous approval on new hiring.
(d) Come to a consensus on the best way to cut back costs.
(e) Come up with an idea of the best way to boost product sales.
16. Ordinary people are scared of unknown things, especially contagious diseases. They
do not know how most diseases develop and spread, so it is almost natural that they
be frightened. Because of their unfounded fear, people can show pitiless attitudes
towards victims of disease, not realizing that they themselves may someday turn out
to be the victims. Sometimes they fire them from their jobs, evict them from their
apartments, and deny them transportation services. In the plague epidemics a few
hundred years ago, people simply covered the doors and windows of the victims'
dwellings and just left them to perish inside. They did this, all in an effort to protect
themselves from unknown dreadful killers.
Q. Which of the following best summarizes the above passage?
(a) Diseases can be prevented if proper precautions are taken.
(b) It is difficult to find treatment for fast-spreading epidemics.
(c) Special transportation services should be provided for the sick.
(d) We should pay close attention to our fitness.
(e) Groundless fear may lead to cruel behavior towards victims of disease.
17. 다음 글을 읽고 내용의 흐름상 어색한 것을 고르시오.
There has been many other side developments of music like gypsy music, brass band
music, accordion music--but nothing with the great attraction and drive of jazz. (a) Nor has any form of music ever had so much written about it both critically and
historically. (b) Yet, despite all this, it can be analysed easily and clearly. (c) It is in
part music for dancing, but it is more than that. (d) It is the popular music of the
people. But lots of people do not like it. It has steady unbroken rhythm, but so do
marches. (e) It coexists with popular songs of the moment, but much of it has no
words.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the home of his maternal grandfather, the Reverend A.D. Williams. The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community, so many people's lives centered around the church. He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social advancement of blacks. M.L. grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it.
M.L.'s childhood was not especially eventful. His father was a minister and his mother was a musician. He was the second of three children, and he attended all-black schools in a black neighborhood. The neighborhood was not poor, however. Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolized achievement for Atlanta's black people. It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owned or black-operated businesses and services. Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district _______. Dr. King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites.
18. What is this passage mainly about?
(a) The prejudice that existed in Atlanta
(b) M.L's family
(c) The neighborhood King grew up in
(d) Miserable childhood of M.L
(e) Martin Luther King's childhood
19. Blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT ___________.
(a) dentistry (b) banks (c) law (d) jewelry (e) medicine
20. What is most relevant for the blank?
(a) retarded (b) palpitated (c) absconded (d) vilified (e) thrived
2001 영어 총정리 14회 강의
1. After several decades of peace, the little country grew ________ about defense and
let its army slowly drift away.
(a) complaisant (b) complainant (c) complacent (d) compliant (e) comparable
2. The ________ counterfeit tried to pass a $20 bill printed on only one side!
(a) inept (b) unseemly (c) shabby (d) uncivil (e) erudite
3. Calm down, everyone. Let's not have this meeting _________ into a fistfight.
(a) degenerate (b) decay (c) decrease (d) dedicate (e) demise
4. The civil servant was found guilty of having accepted ______ funds from the large corporations.
(a) slush (b) contraband (c) legitimate (d) transparent (e) iniquitous
5. A: Neil says he has to work late again.
B: I think that excuse is ________ thin.
(a) getting (b) wearing (c) turning (d) going (e) becoming
6. A: Sarah got another promotion.
B: No doubt her previous experience gives her a big advantage _______ the other candidates.
(a) against (b) over (c) above (d) to (e) behind
7. A: Since I transferred to this school, I've felt a little left out. It's not easy being the ______ man out.
B: Forget about it, just be yourself. Being a part of the in-crowd is not all it's cracked up to be.
(a) alone (b) odd (c) thronged (d) deserted (e) lonely
8. A: How would you _____ your steak?
B: Medium, please.
(a) want (b) like (c) wish (d) hope (e) get
9. Nearly one in five Americans over age 60 regularly takes pills for pain, and a quarter
(a) (b) (c)
of them damage side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness and complications of the
(d) (e)
stomach.
10. Environmentalists insist what we stop the multi-national construction companies
(a)
from scouring the globe for profit at the risk of social and environmental upheaval.
(a) (b) (d) (e)
11. At Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, the ancient remains of many animals are
(a) (b)
left part unexcavated so that visitors can see how their fossilization occurred.
(c) (d) (e)
12. The other earthquake shook central Italy, destroying the dome of a medieval clock
(a) (b)
tower and several other buildings which had been damaged in a deadly twin tremble
(c) (d) (e)
last month.
13. Science is predominated by a mechanistic view of the world, thanks to the early
work of several men. Descartes instilled in humanity the beliefs that people had the
ability to unravel the mysteries of their world, thereby becoming its ________. Newton
provided them with the means to do so. He discovered the mathematical method of
describing mechanical motion, and postulated that one single physical law could
account for both the movement of celestial bodies and also an apple dropping from a
tree to the ground.
(a) masters (b) servants
(c) students (d) citizens (e) vagrant
14. The majority of men are as uninterested in the workings of nature in general as they are in the processes taking place in their own bodies. For many there is something indecent and unnatural in trying to understand the world in which they live. For these the glories of a sunset fade before an explanation of how these gay colours are produced; a description of the wonderful growth of a baby from the fertilized egg is something horrible, to be thrust away and kept from contemplation like thoughts of death. Yet these same individuals accept without question the ________ of scientific advances - new drugs to cure their ills; improved modes of transport on sea and land and in the air; foods preserved by modern methods; fluorescent lighting; the radio and television, and so on.
(a) role (b) side-effects
(c) fruits (d) continuity (e) axiom
15. (a) Our primary purpose is not to define irreversible coma as a new criterion for
death. (b) There are two reasons why there is need for a definition :
(c) Improvements in resuscitative and supportive measures have led to increased
efforts to save those who are desperately injured. (d) Sometimes these efforts have
only partial success so that the result is an individual whose heart continues to beat
but whose brain is irreversibly damaged. (e) The burden is great on patients who suffer permanent loss of intellect, on their families, on the hospital, and on those in need of hospital beds already occupied by these comatose patients. Obsolete criteria for the definition of death can lead to controversy in obtaining organs for transplantation.
16. (a) Prometheus has been a favorite subject with the poets. (b) He is represented as
the friend of mankind, who interposed in their behalf when Jove was incensed against
them and who taught them civilization and the arts. (c) But as, in so doing, he
followed the will of Jupiter, he drew down on himself the anger of the ruler of gods
and men. (d) Jupiter had him chained to a rock on Mount Caucasus, where a vulture
preyed on his liver, (e) which was renewed as fast as devoured.
17. The shrapnel shell was used extensively in World War I. This particular shell
contained musket balls and black powder. The shell was exploded by a time fuse in
midair, and _____________________________. Each of these small pieces could kill or
severely injure a person. Shrapnel proved especially effective against groups of soldiers who were very near each other. Because a great deal of the fighting in World War I was done by individual soldiers rather than airplanes or more sophisticated bombs, shrapnel was an important weapon.
(a) it was named for its inventor, Henry Shrapnel
(b) it contained many small fragments
(c) it has proven to be more deadly
(d) the tiny balls were thrown out in all directions
(e) it became obsolete because of its inconvenience
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Family systems therapy was developed in the 1950s as a response to individual
therapy. Freudian analysis, the classic approach, treats the individual in a vacuum, as
if a person has an emotional problem within himself or herself. Family systems
theorists say that the individual doesn't exist alone emotionally but in a dynamic
relationship with other family members. This means that emotional problems exist not
inside the person who happens to exhibit or experience the problem but among all
family members. Everyone in the family maintains problem behavior, such as that of
an alcoholic father or depressed mother or runaway son. They don't do this because
they want or need to, but because their "common sense" responses to the problem are also part of the problem. The wife who empties her husband's bottles of scotch, the husband who suggests his wife go on antidepressants, and the parents who send their run away son to therapy to "get fixed" are all trying to be helpful. But they're only making the problems worse, partly because these "solutions" _____ the person's
symptom is the problem. Instead of looking for factors in the family system that are
producing the person's anxiety or depression, they try to get rid of the symptom.
18. What is the author's apparent opinion of family systems therapy?
(a) supportive (b) cautious (c) critical (d) emotional (e) intense
19. What can NOT be the example of underlined "common sense" responses?
(a) To empty her alcoholic husband's bottles of scotch
(b) To suggest his depressed wife go on antidepressants
(c) To send their runaway son to therapy to "get fixed"
(d) To find factors in the family atmosphere causing a person's problem
(e) To get rid of the problematic symptom of an individual
20. What is most pertinent for the blank?
(a) explicate (b) denote (c) imply (d) implore (e) prove
2001 영어 총정리 15회 강의
1. Appreciating the service, he left a more than appropriate _____ for the waitress.
(a) gratuity (b) grudge (c) gratification (d) grubbiness (e) ingratiating
2. When you buy an electronic appliance, you must check the _________ period.
(a) after-service (b) funding (c) warranty (d) proof (e) guarantee
3. A year is but a blink of an eye when thought of in terms of _________.
(a) split second (b) chronicle (c) eternity (d) anachronism (e) synchronism
4. The National Assembly ______ approved the new law.
(a) dissidently (b) unilaterally (c) unanimously (d) individually (e) munificently
5. It is a good idea to _______ your order well in advance as delivery can often take months rather than weeks.
(a) make (b) do (c) place (d) take (e) have
6. Congress is expected to ________ the health care legislation when they return to
Washington after the Labor Day holidays. President Clinton still vowing to push the
legislation through this year.
(a) take away (b) take in (c) take to (d) take up (e) take down
7. A key ingredient in bringing ______ change in troubled youth is finding good role models who can work with them.
(a) around (b) across (c) over (d) about (e) down
8. What is NOT true account for the colloquial expressions?
M: So, Ann. Please tell me more about Mike, will you? You told how Mike used to play hooky, because he felt under the weather every now and then.
W: Yeah. I didn't mean to spill the beans about his staying away from work. One day, Mike came to me and said that he had to hang in there, so, he could bring home more of the bacon.
M: So, what did you reply to that?
W: I said that was good thinking, and in the long run, you would be sitting pretty in the company. Since then, Mike has been an eager beaver, and has never been goofing around. Now, he is not a clockwatcher. Even if extra work occurs, he would help.
M: So, as his friend, you can really count on him now?
W: Of course.
(a) feel under the weather - feel exhausted, tired, and unpleasant
(b) hang in there - have a composition
(c) bring home the bacon - earn the family income
(d) goof around - be lazy; sluggish; listless; remiss
(e) clockwatcher - a person who leaves the workplace in a hurry
9. Almost everybody would agree to the idea that everyone should be given an equal
(a) (b) (c)
chance to succeed, but our reality is far from one.
(d) (e)
10. Getting a higher degree by farthering their education or obtaining credentials doesn't
(a) (b) (c)
always make them more lucrative.
(d) (e)
11. If much of life is seen as a race where a person must compete with others, then he
(a) (b) (c) (d)
must run the race in order to success.
(e)
12. The death by firearms is growing at an alarming rate as children have easy access
(a) (b) (c) (d)
to firearms and try imitating their television and movie heroes.
(e)
13. Postdoctoral researchers are invited to apply to AUSM's (America University School of Medicine) studies of the linguistic development of children with profound hearing impairment who use cochlea implants. Candidates should hold a PhD in either linguistics, speech, hearing sciences, or experimental psychology. They should also possess a strong background in clinical linguistics, syntactic/morphological acquisition and development or psycholinguistics. Candidates are expected to exhibit a strong research record in the application of linguistic theory toward clinical or developmental concerns, as well as practical experience in clinical or developmental data acquisition. Salary is $25,000 per year, and the position is limited to two years.
Q. Which is correct according to the speaker?
(a) Educational qualification includes a doctorate degree in medicine.
(b) This position is suitable for people seeking a permanent job.
(c) A successful applicant will be responsible for the cochleae implanting of patients.
(d) Candidates should show many publication records related to clinical linguistics.
(e) More perquisites than salary will be provided.
14. Deciding when to prick a bubble is indeed devilishly hard. But that is no reason for
inaction. Instead, it argues for acting pre-emptively to prevent a bubble inflation in the first place - as the Bank of England recently tried to do by raising interest in
response to rising house prices, ______________. The bank sensibly wants to prevent
a repeat of the late-1980s housing bubble. And its action also belies the claim that it
is politically impossible to raise interest rates without hard evidence of rising inflation.
(a) as if it fears the ongoing inflation
(b) even though inflation was below its target
(c) as quick as possible
(d) like a hawk taking on small preys
(e) as quickly as possible
15. The computer has a number of advantages over normal classwork. It offers privacy,
which relieves learners from the fear of being ridiculed for their mistakes by their
classmates. It allows learners to work on their own and, more importantly, _________ .
This is valuable not only for those who are slow learners, but also for the better
pupils who always finish early and need extra materials to challenge them. The
computer is patient and will tirelessly go over the same points as long as it is
necessary. Finally the computer is consistent, unbiased and has no "off days."
(a) without a teacher (b) for themselves
(c) at their own pace (d) in seclusion (e) in repetition
16. American artist Georgia O'Keefe attracted much attention when the first of her many floral scenes was exhibited. Everything about these paintings - their color, size, point of view, and style - overwhelmed the viewer's senses, just as their creator had intended. In one of her familiar poppies, O'Keefe directed the viewer's eye down into the poppy's center, much as the flower naturally attracts an insect for reproduction purposes. By contrasting the light tints of the outer ring of petals with the darkness of the poppy's center, the viewer's eye is pulled beelike into the heart of the flower. The overwhelming size and detailed interiors of O'Keefe's flowers give an effect similar to the photographer's close-up camera angle.
Q. According to the author, what makes viewer's eyes turned to the poppy's center?
(a) Its color (b) Its size (c) Its style (d) Its angle (e) Its exceptionality
17. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is
too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. (a) But I think
that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and
heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness. (b) We imagine ourselves to be more
similar to animals than we actually are. (c) Animals live on impulse, and are happy
as long as external conditions are favorable. (d) If you have a cat it will enjoy life if
it had food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles.
(e) Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their
basis in instinct.
※다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (문제 18-20)
Korea's report card for its three-year stand-by agreement with the International Monetary Fund was handed out yesterday: Valedictorian, graduating with an "A".
But the IMF attached caveats to its praises by urging the corporate sector to continue reducing its debt levels and for banks to get tougher in making loans, or face the likelihood of another bankng crisis.
"Corporate leverage levels are still too high and banks are still lending to nonviable companies," said David Coe, the IMF's senior representative in Seoul, at a press conference to commemorate the Dec. 3 ① of the nation's three-year stand-by agreement with the IMF. "Failure to correct such lingering problems could result in yet another banking crisis, which would result in Koreans having to cough up more money to fix the financial sector,"
Thus, the nation's high marks should be viewed as ② to other crisis-affected economies, the official said.
18. 빈 칸 ①에 알맞은 단어는?
(a) commencement (b) initiation (c) inauguration (d) expiration (e) valediction
19. 빈 칸 ②에 알맞은 단어는?
(a) absolute (b) consummate (c) unequivocal (d) provisional (e) relative
20. 윗 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
(a) 한국은 4년 전 12월 3일 IMF와 협정을 체결했다.
(b) 한국의 고질적인 문제는 모두 교정되었다.
(c) IMF는 한국에 대해 칭찬과 경고의 말을 동시에 남겼다.
(d) 경제 위기를 맞았던 국가들 중 한국이 제일 먼저 IMF 체제를 벗어난 것은 아니다.
(e) 재벌 개혁이 한국의 급선무이다.