press의 어원은 알타이어에서,按 누를 안,누를,압 壓 押 은 인도 드라비다어에서 차용했다.누르다는 알타이어에서 찾음!

[나비우스]

영어 press

인도계열언어 

벵골어 Prēsa

펀자브어 Praisa

r의 ㅎ이 약화되면 pas= bas= bak

터키어 누르다

1.Basmak 2.bastırmak

몽골어 누르다

1.дарах. 2.ялах.

압박

국어사전

압박 (壓迫) [압빡] 

压迫 [yāpò]

1. 강한 힘으로 내리누름. 

2. 기운을 못 펴게 세력으로 내리누름.

영어사전

압박 (壓迫) 

1. (물리적) pressure, press, pressurize   

2. (심리적, 정신적) pressure, press, pressure

밀어붙이다 [미러부치다] 

1. 한쪽으로 세게 밀다. 

2. 여유를 주지 아니하고 계속 몰아붙이다.

영어사전

밀어붙이다 

1. (한쪽으로 세게 밀다) push   

2. (계속 몰아붙이다) push ahead (with)

박다= 받다=밭다=붙이다

push = 박 迫 

おす : 밀다, 누르다, 붙이다

밀다=붙이다

치고받다

치다=받다

치고받다

서로 말로 다투거나 실제로 때리면서 싸우다.

격투기 선수들이 경기에서 치고받다.

너희들, 나이가 몇 살인데 치고받고 싸우니?

술에 취한 사람들이 치고받으며 싸우고 있다.

동네 아이들이 싸움이 나서 치고받았다.

치고박다

‘서로 말로 다투거나 실제로 때리면서 싸우다’는 뜻으로 ‘치고박다’를 

쓰는 경우가 있는데 이는 ‘치고받다’를 잘못 쓰는 말로 ‘치고받다’가 

표준어입니다.

 치고받다 ( O )

치고박다 ( X )

출처: http://jsix.tistory.com/1135 [제이식스]

울고불고

울다=불다

按 누를 안

按 [àn]  

1. [동사] (손이나 손가락 등으로) 누르다.

누를,압 壓 押 역시 인도 드라비다어에서 차용했다.

일본어에서는 압을 아쯔 라고 하지.

근본은 제대로 이해하자!

한자는 산스크리트어와 드라비다어 그리고 알타이어 공통어근에서 만들어진다.

밭-->앝-->앋-->알-->안 

Proto-Dravidian : *am-

Meaning : to press down

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

 

Proto-South Dravidian: *am- ~ *am-ŋ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *am- ~ *am-ŋ-

Meaning : to press, sink

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : amuŋku (amuŋki-)

Tamil meaning : to sink, be pressed down, crushed (as by a weight), mashed (as ripe fruit)

Tamil derivates : amukku (amukki-) to crush, press, squeeze (as a fruit, a boil), press down, press in or under (as a vessel into water), overcome, repress; n. pressure (as in a nightmare), thing that compresses, incumbent weight; amukkan_, amukki nightmare

Malayalam : amuŋŋuka

Malayalam meaning : to sink, settle, be squeezed (as hand in hand)

Malayalam derivates : amukkuka, amakkuka to press down, squeeze, knead, turn food in mouth; amaŋŋuka to be pressed down; amukkam, amukkal, amukku, amakku the act of pressing down, squeezing, compressing; ampikkuka to press down; ammuka to be pressed, subside

Kannada : amugu, avugu

Kannada meaning : to yield to pressure (as the surface of a ripe fruit or tumour)

Kannada derivates : amuku, amiku, avuku, avuŋku to press or hold firmly, squeeze, trouble; avuŋku pressing or holding firmly; amucu, avacu, avucu to press, hold firmly, confine, embrace

Tulu : avuŋkuni, auŋkuni

Tulu meaning : to press down

Tulu derivates : amepuni, amaṭupattuni to press, hold in the arms, hug; avumpuni to press

Proto-Nilgiri : *amǝ-g-

Notes : In DEDR 169 this stem is frequently confused with *amai- ~ *amar- 'to be united, join, crowd together', right down to several forms included in both entries at the same time. Nevertheless, although some semantic contamination is possible, and both stems may be related on some higher level, they are clearly distinguished in SDR at least, and I prefer to only include forms with final -ŋ- (-k- in the corresponding transitive stem) here, as well as the possibly archaic monosyllabic suffixless variant (as seen in Mal. ammuka).

Number in DED : 0169

Proto-Telugu : *an-c- ~ *am-k-

 

Proto-Telugu : *an-c- ~ *am-k-

Meaning : to oppress, afflict

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : ancu

Additional forms : Also (K) avukku to yield to pressure; adj. weak (of wall or soil)

Notes : Telugu ancu < *am-c- (regular assimilation).

Number in DED : 169

Notes : Most frequently met in the nasal/velar combination type (intr. *am-ŋ-, tr. *am-k-); Telugu and Malayalam, however, preserve the suffixless form. // Present in 2/6 branches.

Proto-Dravidian : *aẓ[ú]nd- (caus. *aẓ[ú]t-)

Meaning : to press down; to dip, immerse

Proto-South Dravidian: *aẓut-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *aẓ[u]nd-

Meaning : to be pressed or immersed (as cloth)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : aẓuttu (aẓutti-)

Tamil meaning : to press down, press hard, make firm, compact, insist on, plunge, immerse; n. pressure, imprint

Tamil derivates : aẓuttam hardness (as of wood), closeness of texture as of cloth, durability, emphasis, profoundness in one's mental application; aẓuntu (aẓunti-) to become pressed, be impressed, become firm, compact, persist, be immersed

Malayalam : aẓuttu

Malayalam meaning : strong texture, pregnant speech, full of dregs

Malayalam derivates : aẓuttuka to fix, set; aẓuntuka to be immersed, plunge, sink

Kannada : aẓdu, addu, ajju, eddu

Kannada meaning : to immerse, dip, dye; sink in a fluid

Kannada derivates : addayisu to immerse, put into; addike, adduge immersion

Tulu : arduni

Tulu meaning : to wash or bleach clothes

Proto-Nilgiri : *aǯ- (?)

Notes : Kota aj- is a good match semantically, but unclear phonetically (a unique case of the development *-ẓ[u]t- > -j- in this language). The stem formally looks like a complex one, with the suffix *-nd-, but the simple root is not attested.

Number in DED : 0285

Proto-Telugu : *add-

 

Proto-Telugu : *add-

Meaning : to dip, dye, print with colours; (B also) to press gently, blot (ink)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : addu

Additional forms : Also addakamu chintz-printing, dying with colour; addincu to get or have dyed

Number in DED : 285

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ad-p- (?)

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ad-p-

Meaning : to blot

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kondekor Gadba : addap-

Number in DED : 285

Notes : Gadba addap- is quite probably a borrowing from Telugu, which makes the stem reconstructible on the SDR-Telugu level. See also notes on PDR *aẓ- 'to pervade (as taste)'. // Present in 3/6 branches.

Proto-Dravidian : *āṇ-

Meaning : 1 to press against 2 to support

Proto-South Dravidian: *āṇ-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *āṇ-

Meaning : to lean, support

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : āṇam

Tamil meaning : support

Tamil derivates : āṇi support, basis

Malayalam : āṇam

Malayalam meaning : support

Kannada : ān, ānu

Kannada meaning : to be upheld, rest on, lean against, recline on, lean, bend, support (as the head), bear, endure, suffer

Kannada derivates : ānike, āŋke, aŋke leaning on, a staff to lean upon; ānisu to bend or hold towards, make lean against, cause to recline on, cause to be upheld, protect; ānu leaning on; āpu an object to lean on, refuge, protection

Tulu : ānipuni

Tulu meaning : to make lean

Number in DED : 0408

Proto-Telugu : *ān-

 

Proto-Telugu : *ān-

Meaning : to lean, recline, be a support, lean or recline on

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ānu

Additional forms : Also ānincu to place or lay so as to lean against, lean (tr.), support; ānika support, prop, strength

Number in DED : 408

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *āN-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *āN-

Meaning : to help

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kondekor Gadba : ān-ēr- "to come to help"

Number in DED : 408

Proto-North Dravidian : *ān-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *ān-

Meaning : to lean against, press

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ānnā "to cause pain by being pressed against the skin (as gravel on the road, a knot in the mat)"

Malto : ān_ṛeṭe "to lean or rest on pillows"

Additional forms : MLT may not belong here.

Number in DED : 409

Proto-Dravidian : *ot_-

Meaning : to press, squeeze together

Proto-South Dravidian: *ot_-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *ot_-

Meaning : to press, squeeze

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : or_r_u (or_r_i-)

Tamil meaning : to press, hug close, stamp (as a seal), press down, press upon, attack, apply fomentation; n. fomentation

Tamil derivates : ottu (otti-) to place in contact with, foment; or_r_aṭam, ottaṭam, ottaṇam fomentation

Malayalam : ottanam

Malayalam meaning : fomentation

Malayalam derivates : ottal fomenting

Kannada : ottu

Kannada meaning : to press together, press, squeeze, shampoo, press down, impress (as a seal), push, subdue, harass, stress, foment; n. state of being pressed, etc., a mass

Kannada derivates : ottike pressing; ottuha rubbing, shampooing; ottaḍa, ottala, ottaḷa fomentation, pressure; ottarisu to subdue

Kodagu : ott- (otti-)

Kodagu meaning : to press, squeeze

Kodagu derivates : ottāya urging

Tulu : oṭṭuni

Tulu meaning : to press

Tulu derivates : ottuni to press, shampoo, seal, stamp; be close, thickset; ottu closeness, thickness; ottā̆ya force, compulsion; ottāvuni to cause to press, be impressed or sealed; ottele oppressor

Proto-Nilgiri : *ot- (*-t_-)

Number in DED : 1021

Proto-Telugu : *ott-

 

Proto-Telugu : *ott-

Meaning : to press, squeeze, foment, urge, produce a mark on a surface by pressure; n. pressure, denseness; close, thick, dense

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ottu

Additional forms : Also ottaḍamu fomenting, pressing gently

Number in DED : 1021

누르다 

눌러

Proto-Altaic: *nuli

Meaning: to rob, oppress

Russian meaning: подавлять, угнетать, грабить

Turkic: *julɨ-

 

Proto-Turkic: *julɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to pillage, attack 2 thief, scoundrel

Russian meaning: 1 грабить, нападать 2 вор, бродяга, голодранец

Old Turkic: julɨ- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: julɨ- (MK) 1

Tatar: jolqɨš 2

Khakassian: čulɣus (Sag.), čulɣas (Koib., Kach.) 2

Shor: čulɣuš 2

Tuva: čul- 1

Kirghiz: ǯulu-š- 'to fight (of women)'

Bashkir: jolqoš 2

Comments: EDT 919. Should be separated from *jol- 'pick out' (v. sub *ńŏ̀lo).

Mongolian: *nölüɣe

 

Proto-Mongolian: *nölüɣe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: influence

Russian meaning: влияние

Written Mongolian: nölüge (L 594)

Middle Mongolian: nüles-kui 'humanity' (HY 49)

Khalkha: nölȫ

Buriat: nülȫ(n)

Kalmuck: nölȫn (СЯОС)

Dagur: nulē (MD 200)

Korean: *nùrɨ́-

 

Proto-Korean: *nùrɨ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to press, repress

Russian meaning: давить, подавлять

Modern Korean: nūrɨ-

Middle Korean: nùrɨ́-

Comments: Liu 162, KED 357.

Proto-Altaic: *pằsi

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *pV[z]V ?

Meaning: to crush, split

Indo-European: *bhes- (Pok. 145-146)

Altaic: *pằsi

Uralic: *paśV (*paśkV)

 

Kartvelian: *bez-

Comments: Cf. *ṗVšV

References: МССНЯ 358, ND 279 *b[a]hźV 'strike, thump' (Kartv. + Ur. + Arab. bhz-).

Meaning: to press, pinch

Russian meaning: давить, сдавливать (пальцами)

Turkic: *bas-

 

Proto-Turkic: *bas-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to press

Russian meaning: давить

Old Turkic: bas- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bas- (MK)

Turkish: bas-

Tatar: bas-

Middle Turkic: bas- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bɔs-

Uighur: bas-

Sary-Yughur: pas-

Azerbaidzhan: bas-

Turkmen: bas-

Khakassian: pas-

Oyrat: bas-, pas-

Chuvash: pos-

Yakut: battā-

Dolgan: battā-

Tuva: bas-

Tofalar: ba's-

Kirghiz: bas-

Kazakh: bas-

Noghai: bas-

Bashkir: baɵ-

Balkar: bas-

Gagauz: bas-

Karaim: bas-

Karakalpak: bas-

Salar: pas-

Kumyk: bas-

Comments: EDT 370-371, VEWT 64, TMN 2, 245-6, ЭСТЯ 2, 74-77, Лексика 393, 571, Федотов 1, 448, Stachowski 55. Turk. > Mong. basu- > Man. basu-, see TMN 2, 246, Doerfer MT 135.

Tungus-Manchu: *pasu-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pasu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to press, pinch

Russian meaning: давить (пальцами, рукой)

Evenki: hasu-

Even: as asъ̣qlan (Ol.) 'handful'

Negidal: xas-

Ulcha: pasala-

Nanai: pasoala-

Solon: asụ-xụ 'handful'

Comments: ТМС 2, 318.

Korean: *ps-kí-

 

Proto-Korean: *ps-kí-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to press, hold tight, compress

Russian meaning: давить, сжимать

Modern Korean: k:ī-

Middle Korean: pskí-

Comments: Nam 80, KED 262.

Japanese: *pìsà- / *pǝ̀sǝ̀-

 

Proto-Japanese: *pìsà- / *pǝ̀sǝ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: thin

Russian meaning: тонкий

Old Japanese: p(w)oso-

Middle Japanese: fòsò-

Tokyo: hosói

Kyoto: hósò-

Kagoshima: hosó-

Shuri: Fi_́s-

Hateruma: pi_̀šà-

Yonakuni: xi_̀tc-

Comments: JLTT 828. Ryukyu dialects reflect a variant *pìsà-, cf. Shuri Fí_s-, Hateruma pì_šà-, Yonaguni xì_tč-.

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 68, 280, Дыбо 13. In Jpn. 'thin' < 'pressed, compressed'. The root is actively interacting with *pĭ̀sa and *p`i̯úsa q. v. The vowel variation in Japanese dialects may point to a variant *pằse.

Proto-Altaic: *pĭ̀sa ( ~ p`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to insert, press between

Russian meaning: вставлять, зажимать с двух сторон

Tungus-Manchu: *pisa-

Korean: *ps-kì'ú-

Japanese: *pàsàm-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss. Mergers of this root with *pằsi and *p`i̯úsa q. v. were possible.