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동사의 불규칙 변화표입니다. 반드시 암기해야 합니다.
※불규칙동사변화표
arise - arose - arisen
생겨나다, 일어나다, 나타나다;
(…의 결과로서) 생기다, (…에) 기인하다
awake - awoke(awakened) - awoken
깨어나다, 일어나다, 눈뜨다
be(is, am, are) - was(were) been 이다, 있다, 되다
bear - bore - born(borne) 참다, 낳다, 나르다
beat - beat - beat(beaten) 치다, 때리다
become - became - become ~가 되다, 어울리다
begin - began - begun 시작하다
behold - beheld - beheld 주시하다, 보다
bend - bent - bent 구부리다
bet - bet(betted) - bet(betted) 치다
bid - bid - bid 값을 매기다, 명령하다
bind - bound - bound 묶다, 매다
bite - bit - bitten 물다
bleed - bled - bled 피 흘리다
blow - blew - blown 불다, 폭파하다
break - broke - broken 깨다, 어기다
breed - bred - bred 키우다
bring - brought - brought 가져오다, 야기하다
build - built - built 짖다, 건설하다
burn - burnt(burned) - burnt(burned) 태우다
burst - burst - burst 터트리다
bust - busted(bust) - busted(bust) 파산, 파멸하다(시키다), 망치다
buy - bought - bought 사다
cast - cast - cast 던지다
catch - caught - caught 잡다
choose - chose - chosen 고르다, 선택하다
cling - clung - clung 들러붙다, 집착하다
come - came - come 오다
cost - cost - cost 비용이 들게 하다
creep - crept - crept 기어가다
cut - cut - cut 자르다, 삭감하다
deal - dealt - dealt 다루다, 거래하다
dig - dug - dug 파다
dive - dived(dove) - dived 다이빙, 잠수, 돌진하다
draw - drew - drawn 당기다, 그리다, 끌다
drink - drank - drunk 마시다
drive - drove - driven 운전하다, 추진하다
dwell - dwelt(dwelled) - dwelt(dwelled) 거주하다
eat - ate - eaten 먹다
fall - fell - fallen 떨어지다, 몰락하다, 하락하다
feed - fed - fed 먹이다
feel - felt - felt 느끼다
fight - fought - fought 싸우다
find - found - found 찾다, 알다
fit - fit - fit / fit - fit(fitted) - fit(fitted)
적합하다, 어울리다, 맞다
flee - fled - fled 도망치다
fling - flung - flung 내 던지다
fly - flew - flown 날다
forbid - forbade - forbidden 금지하다
forget - forgot - forgotten 잊다
forgive - forgave - forgiven 용서하다
freeze - froze - frozen 얼리다
get - got - got(gotten) 갖다, 얻다, 취하다
give - gave - given 주다
go - went - gone 가다
grind - ground - ground 갈다
grow - grew - grown 자라다, 키우다
hang - hung - hung 매달다, 걸다 /
hang - hanged - hanged 목 매달아 죽이다
hear - heard - heard 듣다
hide - hid - hidden 숨기다
hit - hit - hit 치다, 때리다, 히트하다
hold - held - held 잡다, 지탱, 유지, 개최하다
hurt - hurt - hurt 부상 입히다
keep - kept - kept 유지하다, 키우다
kneel - knelt(kneeled) - knelt(kneeled) 무뤂 꿇다
knit - knit(knitted) - knit(knitted) 짜다
know - knew - known 알다
lay - laid - laid 놓다, 낳다, 눕히다
lead - led - led 이끌다, 지도하다
lean - leaned(leant) - leaned(leant) 기울다
leap - leapt(leaped) - leapt(leaped) 뛰다, 도약하다
learn - learned(learnt) - learned(learnt) 배우다
leave - left - left 떠나다, 남겨두다, 물려주다
lend - lent - lent 빌려주다
let - let - let 놓다, 시키다
lie - lay - lain 눞다, 놓여 있다
light - lit(lighted) - lit(lighted) 밝히다
lose - lost - lost 잃다
make - made - made 만들다
mean - meant - meant 의미하다
meet - met - met 만나다
mishear - misheard - misheard 잘못 듣다
mislead - misled - misled 잘못 인도하다
misread - misread - misread 잘못 읽다, 오해하다
mistake - mistook - mistaken 실수하다, 잘못 알다
misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood 오해하다
mow - mowed - mowed(mow) 잔디를 깎다
overdraw - overdrew - overdrawn 너무 당기다, 과장 묘사하다, 초과 인출하다
overeat - overate - overeaten 과식하다
overhang - overhung - overhung 돌출하다,
위에 걸리다, 임박하다
overhear - overheard - overheard 건너 듣다,
우연히 듣다
overthrow - overthrew - overthrown 굴복시키다,
전복하다, 뒤엎다
pay - paid - paid 지불하다, 갚다
plead - pled(pleaded) - pled(pleaded) 청원하다
prove - proved - proven(proved) 증명, 검증하다
put - put - put 놓다
quit - quit(quitted) - quit(quitted) 중단하다
rebuild - rebuilt - rebuilt 재건하다
rewind - rewound - rewound 다시 감다
rewrite - rewrote - rewritten 다시 쓰다
rid - rid - rid 제거하다
ride - rode - ridden 타다, 태워다 주다
ring - rang - rung 종을 울리다
rise - rose - risen 상승, 증가, 떠오르다
run - ran - run 뛰다, 달리다
say - said - said 말하다
see - saw - seen 보다
seek - sought - sought 추구하다
sell - sold - sold 팔다
send - sent - sent 보내다
set - set - set 놀다, 정하다
sew - sewed - sewn(sewed) 바느질하다
shake - shook - shaken 흔들다
shear - sheared - shorn(sheared) 자르다, 깎다
shed - shed - shed 흘리다, 튀기다
shine - shined(shone) - shined(shone) 빛나다, 비치다
shit - shit(shat) - shit(shat) 대변을 보다
shoot - shot - shot 쏘다, 촬영하다
show - showed - shown(showed) 보여주다
shrink - shrank(shrunk) - shrunk 오므라들다, 줄다
shut - shut - shut 닫다
sing - sang - sung 노래하다
sit - sat - sat 앉다
slay - slew - slain 도살하다
sleep - slept - slept 자다
slide - slid - slid 미끄러지다
sling - slung - slung 내던지다, 투석기로 쏘다
slit - slit - slit 잘라내다, 개봉하다, 째다
smell - smelled(smelt) - smelled(smelt)
냄새를 내다
speak - spoke - spoken 말하다
speed - sped(speeded) - sped(speeded)
속도를 내다
spell - spelled(spelt) - spelled(spelt) 철자를 쓰다, 마술을 걸다
spend - spent - spent 쓰다, 소비하다
spin - spun - spun 짜다, 잦다
spit - spit(spat) - spit(spat) 침 뱉다
spill - split - split 엎지르다, 쏟다
spoil - spoiled(spoilt) - spoiled(spoilt) 망치다
spread - spread - spread 확산되다, 퍼지다
spring - sprang(sprung) - sprung 솟아나다,
튀어 오르다
stand - stood - stood 서다, 주장하다, 참다
steal - stole - stolen 훔치다
stick - stuck - stuck 들러붙다, 딱딱하게 하다
sting - stung - stung 찌르다, 쏘다, 자극하다
stink - stank(stunk) - stunk 냄새가 나다, 악취가 진동하다
strive - strove - striven 분투하다, 애쓰다
strike - struck - struck(stricken) 치다, 파업하다
string - strung - strung 줄을 묶다
swear - swore - sworn 맹세하다, 서약하다
sweep - swept - swept 싹쓸다
swell - swelled - swollen(swelled) 부풀다, 붇다
swim - swam - swum 수영하다
swing - swung - swung 흔들리다, 그네 타다
take - took - taken 취하다, 갖다, 가져가다
teach - taught - taught 가르치다
tear - tore - torn 눈물을 흘리다, 찢다
tell - told - told 말하다
think - thought - thought 생각하다
throw - threw - thrown 던지다
thrust - thrust - thrust 밀치다, 쑤셔 넣다
unbind - unbound - unbound 풀다,
understand - understood - understood 이해하다
undertake - undertook - undertaken 떠맡다
unwind - unwound - unwound 풀다
uphold - upheld - upheld 올리다, 들다, 떠받치다
upset - upset - upset 뒤엎다, 전복시키다
wake - woke(waked) - woken(waked) 일어나다
wear - wore - worn 입다, 닳다
weave - wove - woven 짜다, 엮다, 엮어 내다
wed - wed(wedded) - wed(wedded) 결혼하다
weep - wept - wept 울다
wet - wet(wetted) - wet(wetted) 젖다
win - won - won 이기다
wind - wound - wound 감다
withdraw - withdrew - withdrawn 철수, 철회하다
wring - wrung - wrung 비틀다, 비틀어 때다
write - wrote - written 쓰다
※불규칙 동사의 규칙
AAA형
burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shed, shut, spilt, spread, thrust
ABC형
begin, drink, swim, sing (sang-sung),
bear, wear, tear, swear (bear - bore born)
rise, write, drive, strive (strove-striven),
bite, hide (bite - bit - bitten)
sow, show (show - showed-shown),
choose-chose-chosen
fall-fell-fallen,
freeze, weave (freeze - froze - frozen)
tread-trod - trodden
blow, fly(flew-flown)
shave, swell(swelled-swollen)
shake, take, mistake (shake - shook-shaken)
ABB형
bring, buy, fight, think (brought - brought)
sell, tell (sold - sold)
bleed, feed, speed, ( bled - bled)
build, rebuild (built - built)
lay, pay, say (laid - laid)
keep, sleep, weep, (kept - kept)
catch, teach. (caught - caught)
wind, find, bind (wound - wound)
spend, send, lend, bend (spent - spent)
hear, (heard - heard)
hold, (held - held)
leave, lose, mean, welcome, win, shine(shone, shined), fly(fled), sit
과거형 만들기
A. - stop[beg, drop, nod, stir, slur, fur =단모음+단자음] +자음추가+ed
B. - occur[admit, omit, defer, prefer, deter...= 2음절어 뒷 강세] + 자음추가ed = occurred
cf. enter[offer, visit..= 2음절어 앞 강세] +ed = entered
C. - picnic[mimic, traffic..] -- ic[ik] + ked = picnicked
※혼동스런 동사
awake - awoke - awoken 깨우다, 일어나다, 자각하다
awaken - awakened - awakened 자각하다, 깨다, 자각하다, 일어나다
arise - arose - arisen 생겨나다, 발생하다
arouse - aroused - aroused 깨우다, 자극하다
bind - bound - bound 묶다, 매다
bound - bounded - bounded 튀다
fall - fell - fallen 떨어지다
fell - felled - felled 배어 쓰러뜨리다
find - found - found 찾다, 알다, 발견하다
found - founded - founded 설립하다
fly - flew - flown 날다
flee - fled - fled 도망치다
hang - hung - hung 걸다, 매달다
hang - hanged - hanged 목매달아 죽이다
lie - lied - lied 거짓말~, 거짓말하다
lie- lay - lain 눕다, 놓여있다,
lay - laid - laid 눕히다, 놓다, 낳다
rise - rose - risen 떠오르다, 상승하다
raise- raised - raised 올리다, 인상~,승진시키다
sit - sat - sat 앉다,
seat - seated - seated 앉히다,
wake - woke - woken 깨우다, 깨다, 일어나다
waken - wakened - wakened 깨우다, 깨다, 일어나다
wind - winded - winded 바람 불다
wind - wound - wound 감다, 꼬불꼬불하다
wound - wounded - wounded 부상 입다
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