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From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their propounding of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery's westward expansion that took form in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet these two expressions of hostility to slavery were often closely related not only in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to regard the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation. |
비록 미국 혁명당시(American Revolution)와 1820년대 남부지방에서 노예 폐지의 감정(abolitionist feeling)이 격해졌지만(getting stronger), 노예 폐지운동(abolitionist movement)은 1830년대까지는 호전적인 개혁운동(militant crusade)으로 넘어가진(coalesce into) 않았다. 그 이전 10년 동안, 북쪽의 많은 지역은 제조 산업(manufacturing )과 상업(commerce)의 활발한 전개와 관련해서(associated with) 사회적 붕괴(social disruption)를 경험하면서(underwent), 강력한 복음주의적 종교운동(powerful evangelical religious movements)이 사회에 영적 방향(spiritual direction)을 심어주기(impart) 위해 발생했다. 죄스러운 관행(sinful practices:노예제도)에 종지부를 지기 위한 도덕적 의무(moral imperative)와 사회에서 하나남의 의지를 떠받치기(uphold God's will) 위한 개인의 책임감(responsibility)을 강조하면서, 제 2차 위대한 각성(Second Great Awakening)이라고 불리게 된 Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, 그리고 Charles G. Finney와 같은 설교가들은 절제(temperance), 평화주의(pacifism) 그리고 여성의 권리(women's rights)와 같은 다른 개혁을 외치는 운동(reforming crusades) 뿐 아니라 나중에 일어나게 되는(emergence) 노예제도 폐지에 주된 동인(major impetus)을 제공하는 1820년대의 거대한 종교적 부활(massive religious revivals)을 이끈다. 1830년대 초기까지 신앙부흥운동에 영적 영감을 얻은 Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur 그리고 Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr. 모두 “즉각적 노예 해방(immediate emancipation)”을 주장한다(take up the cause of).
Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufacturing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights. By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of "immediate emancipation." |
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