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의문사절 예문
By positioning herself close to me, she knows [where I am] and [when I move],
[What researchers found] was “perfectly consistent /with what we know about how wealthy Jews disposed /of their dead
/in the time of Jesus.”
We know [what happened] /when Mr. Smith went to Washington. But what about when Mr. Moore went to Chicago?
Prudence means practical common sense, taking the trouble /to think out [what you are doing and what is likely to come of it].
* 타동사구 think out 의 목적If not, what changes do you wish you could make?
.........형........명
For moods will change, whatever view reason takes.
........................................형.......명
He has room for people /with very little sense, but He wants every one to use [what sense they have].
의문부사
How thrilling is the work of a dentist who spends his days drilling and filling?
부......형
Why do you think I’m wonderful, all of a sudden?
That’s why those of us in two-parent families must reach out in Christian love to single moms and their children.
동격으로 쓰인 의문사절 (형역으로 쓰인 what 절)
* 동격절로 쓰인 what 절; 앞 명사의 내용설명이니 형역으로 친다
I have no idea //what tomorrow may bring.
no idea = what tomorrow may bring
Paul had no idea //what the road to Damascus held for him that day /when God interrupted Paul’s life /with His blinding love.
여기서 what 절은 동격명사절로 앞 명사를 설명하는 형용사적인 역할을 한다
no idea = what the road to Damascus held for him that day
................o..........s...................... v
that 절을 써 본다면 완전절로 해야한다
no idea that [the road to Damascus] [held] [something for him] /that day
동격 형용사절
I want to know [the reason //why you took my book]. 비표준이나 인정되는 의문사를 쓴 표현법
I want to know [the reason //that you took my book]. 표준 표현법
How important you consider a race /to be influences how hard you will run it, and determines the goals you set in order to win that race.
부역도 하는 의문사절?
의문사절이 명사 역할만 하는줄 알면 곤란한게
동격으로 쓰이면 동격 명사절은 역할상 형역이 되고
형용사의 내용설명이면 형용사를 수식한다는 면에서 부사 역할로 된다
가. 형용사 설명/수식 부사역할
1. If we videotaped ourselves, would we be pleased by what we saw?
2. Be careful /what you say in the presence of your babies.
Be careful what you think, because your thoughts run your life.
1번은 전치사 by 의 목적이니 명사역할이 분명한데
2번은 형용사 careful 을 설명하는 content clause 내용 설명절로 쓰였으니
형용사를 수식한다는 면에서 역할상 부사 역할이라 하겠다
이는 동격절이 앞 명사를 설명하니 형역이 되는 구조와 비슷하다
I have no idea //what tomorrow may bring.
* 관계대명사절은 불완전 문장으로 앞 명사를 수식하며 선행사가 종절에서 구조상의 한 역할을 하나
동격절은 완전문으로 앞 명사를 수식하며 선행사는 종절에서의 역할이 없음
나. 문장 전체 수식 부사역할의 의문사절;
의문대명사의 이해
1. An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in order to ask a question.
의문사/의문대명사란 의문문을 만들기위해 쓰이는 대명사를 말한다
2. Some of them refer only to people, like "who" and others refer to people and objects, etc like "what".
who는 사람대신 what 는 사람과 물체에 쓴다
They do not distinguish between singular and plural, so they only have one form.
What time is it?
4.. 종류
ㄱ. In modern English there are five interrogative pronouns: 의문사 5 개
what, which, who, whom, and whose.
***Note that all five words may also be used as relative pronouns.
A relative pronoun may be found in a question; an interrogative pronoun is found only in a question.
의문사 뿐만아니고 관계대명사로도 쓰이나 의문사는 오직 의문문에 쓰인다
In addition, these pronouns may take the suffixes -ever and -soever. 어미가 붙을 수도 있다
Examples; What did you say? Who said that?
ㄴ. 주격, 목적격, 소유격이 있다
As we can see in the next table, these pronouns could act as a subject, object or possessive in a sentence.
Subject Object Possessive
who whom whose
which
that
ㄷ. WHAT can be used to ask about objects or people. 사람과 사물에 다 쓴다
For example:
* What time is it? => it is what time (noon).
* What is your name? => my name is what.
* What do you want? => you want what.
*What do you think of your ice-cream? you think what of your
ice-cream? 요건 이상해요 공식대로 않되요 왜냐면 what 이 실상은 how 대신 쓰인거니 I think my
ice-cream tastes good.
ㄹ. WHICH can be used to ask about objects or people. 사람, 사물에 다 쓰임
For example:
* Which chair are you talking about? => you are talking about which chair.
* Which jumper do you like? => you like which jumper.
* Which is your mother? => your mother is which.
ㅁ. WHO can be used to ask about people 사람에게만 쓰임
For example:
* Who are you?
* Which is your mother?
* Who has been sitting in my chair?
ㅂ. WHOSE can be used to ask about a possession relation. 소유에 관한것
For example:
* Whose is this book? => This is whose (her)
* Whose car did you drive here? => you drove whose (her) car here.
ㅅ. WHOM can be used to ask about people.It is less usual and more formal than "who"
For example: 목적격이나 구어체에서는 who 로 많이 쓴다
* Whom did you phone? => you phone whom (him)
* For whom will you vote? =>you vote for whom (him)
***NOTE: Either "which" or "what" can also be used as an interrogative adjective,
ㅇ. which 나 what 가 의문형용사로도 쓰인다
and that "who," "whom," or "which" can also be used as a relative pronoun. 관계대명사 처럼 쓰인 의문사
For example:
* The man whom she chose will do a wonderful job.
The man (whom she chose) will do a wonderful job.
s v o
whom = the man
whom she chose => she chose whom (= the man)
s v o
의문문 예문;
more examples;
Who dislikes mice?
Mice are disliked by whom?
Whose mice are those?
What does Suki dislike?
Which small rodent terrifies Suki ?
When does Suki usually see mice?
Where do the mice actually live?
Why is Suki is so afraid of them?
How does Suki react if she sees one?
의문사절 해부분석
가. 주어를 대신하는 의문사라면
A cat is on the bed 에서 cat 를 모른다고 가정해서 cat 대신what 를 써 의문문을 만들면 what is on the bed? 이 되니 what 는 주어와 의문사 두 역할을 하게되니다
***주어가 의문사로 대신 될때는 어순은 평서문 그대로 씁니다
의문사가 종절에서 주어 역할이면 어순은 의문사나 의문사절이나 동일하다
Who told her? => Tell me who told her.
Which boy did it? => Tell her which boy did it.
I wonder who told her.
You asked which boy did it.
***what는 주어가 사람이 아닐경우 주어대신 할 수 있고 또 목적과 전치사의 목적을 대신 할 수 있지요
주어가 사람이면 의문사 who 를 쓰지요
나. 보어를 대신한 의문사
What is this?
This is a hat.==> this is what.
hat 를 모른다고 가정하고 그걸 의문문으로 만든다면 우선 hat 대신 what 으로 대치하면
this is what이겠고
의문사가 보어 역할이면 의문사 어순
Who are their friends? => their friends are who
What was that? => that was what
What time is it? => it is what time
Which book was it? => it was which (this) book
Which is the right answer? the right answer is which (this)
다. 목적을 대신하면
You want a cat 에서 cat 대신 what을 쓰면
You want what,
의문사를 앞으로 보내면조동사 do 를 써서 What do you want? 하고 what + 의문문 어순으로해서 의문문이 되는 겁니다
이런경우 what 는 문장내 목적과 의문사를 겸하고있지요?
what he has (?) to offer 에서 what 은 목적대행
he has (what) to offer.
전목도 대신
The process will be long and in parts very painful, but that is [what we are in for]
직목도 대신
I will tell you what.
What will you tell me? 의문문/ 니가 나한테 뭐 말하려 그러냐?
부정사의 목적도 대신함
That’s why it’s wise to pay attention /to what he has to say (?) /about how the coming of Christianity shaped our world.
라. 수동태의 경우
What additional ingredients are required?
What other aspects must be considered?
의문사절과 의문문 예문 비교 interrogative pronoun
의문사절이란 의문사로된 의문문을 평서문 형태의 종속절로 만들어 명사역할
즉 주어, 보어, 목적, 전치사의 목적 역할을 하게한 절을 말한다
* 의문문 어순이 아닌 평서문 어순이고 독립절로 못쓰고 종속절로 쓰여 목적 역할
# For example:
What is her phone number? Her number is xxx. 보어를 대신한 의문사니 의문문 어순
I don't know what her phone number is.
What do you want? I want freedom. 일반동사 의문문이니 조동사 do 필요
She wants to know what you want.
* Who is in charge? That guy with the white hard hat is.
Can you tell me who is in charge?
의문사가 절내 주어를 대신할 경우 어순은 의문문이나 종절로 쓰인 의문사절이나 다 같다
왜냐면 주어가 의문사로 대신되었으니 제자리에 그대로 있는거다
* Which wants to see the dentist first? I do.
Tell me which wants to see the dentist first?
* Who wrote the novel Rockbound? I don't know.
Do you know who wrote the novel Rockbound?
* Whom do you think of? I think of you. 일반동사 의문문이니 조동사 do 필요
I wonder whom you think of.
Interrogative content clauses
can be used in many of the same ways as declarative ones; for example,
they are often direct objects of verbs of cognition, reporting, and
perception, but here they emphasize knowledge or lack of knowledge of
one element of a fact:
의문문이 의문아닌 평서문으로 해서 간접의문문으로도 쓰인다 (모른다는 요소가 있음을 강조)
또한 영어예절은 직접적으로 대놓고 묻는것보다 간접적으로 묻는게 공손하다 침
* I know what you did.
* I can't guess how he managed it.
* I wonder if I looked that bad. *** if 의문사절의 명사역할
Direct Question: What is that?
Indirect question: Can you tell me what that is?
Direct Question: What was that noise?
Indirect Question: I wonder what that noise was.
Direct Question: What time is it?
Indirect Question: Ask him what time it is.
Direct Question: Who is she?
Indirect Question: Do you know who she is?
Direct question: Who was that man?
Indirect Question: I will ask who that man was.
Direct Question: Whose shoes are these?
Indirect Question: I wonder whose shoes these are.
Direct Question: Which is the right road?
Indirect Question: Please tell me which is the right road.
which 가 종절에서 주어 노릇하기에 is 전에 왔음
그래서 의문문이나 의문사절의 어순이 같음
Direct Question: Which insects are predators?
Indirect Question: He wants to know which insects are predators.
상동
Direct Question: Who is here?
Indirect Question: I will ask who is here.
Direct Question: Who was successful?
Indirect Question: Tell me who was successful.
Direct Question: Which answer is correct?
Indirect Question: Please tell us which answer is correct.
의문대명사절/의문사절/의절의 특성
ㄱ. 의문대명사절이 종속절로 쓰일때는 명사역할을 하며 일반 관계대명사와 다른점은 선행사가 없다는 것입니다
일반적으로 의문사가 선행사도 포함한다 하는데 그건 눈가리고 아옹하는것임
어디 보이지도 않는걸 포함했다 해여? 허나 박사님들이 그러시니 그런줄 알자
Often it has no antecedent 선행사 because the antecedent is unknown.
That is why the question is being asked!
선행사를 모르기에 질문하는거 아닌가!!!
I will tell you what I think 의문사절 / '내가 뭐 생각하는지를' 말해주지 (선행사 부재)
비교; I will tell you the thing //that I think. 요 관대는 선행사가 있습니다
ㄴ. 종속절로 쓰인 의문사절과 독립적으로 쓰인 의문문의 차이는 '어순' 입니다
종속절이라함은 완전한 의미가 아니니 독립적으로 못 쓰이고
주절문장에 종속되어 주절의 한 문장요소나 부사적인 수식역할을 한다는 의미임
종속절에 온 의문사절은 평서문 형식 Tell you what I think 주어 + 동사
독립적으로 쓰인 의문사절은 의문문 어순; What do you think? What are you thinking?
He will ask who their friends are. (Who are their friends?)
I wonder what that was. (What was that?)
Do you know what time it is? (What time is it?)
Please tell me which book it was. (Which book was it?)
주어
What some people think of as harmless fun can result in lifelong consequences.
"What I hope we're doing is sending kids into life who know that every day means something."
"What we do real well around here is raise kids,"
what he loves most are the practices, the camaraderie, and watching the boys learn a little more.
But [what has me most concerned /about the Secretary’s remarks] is the classic “we know better than you” attitude
/so endemic among governmental elites—whether it’s telling us [what kind of healthcare () we need, or how to teach our young ones /about the most intimate of human relations.
[What was making him sick] was the Internet.
What started out as "Pizza tastes great" can end up as "Pete's a great ape!"
(루머가 그렇다는것)
보어
Talking is how you spread your thoughts, ideas, and experiences to people around you.
That's how rumors work.
The intention, the obedience, is [what matters].
목적
they must eval!!uate how whatthey have done will get them where they want to go.
You cannot write /without firstunderstanding how the language works /to communicate ideas. 동명사의 목적/의문사절
I mean exactly what I have said previously.
I prayed [what was really in my heart] — the good, the bad, the ugly.
(타동사 realized 의 목적인 that 절안에서 의문사절이 주어와 보어로 쓰였음)
They must realize not only what they have said, but what they have done.
(what 절이 목적으로 쓰였음)
Kids who live in families where the fighting goes too far can let someone know what's going on.
Those yard toys your kids leave out always make me wonder what type of gaming system they have.
she describes how she's trying to get along better with him:
I might leave a pizza flyer in your front door to see how long it takes you to remove it.
He lets them know how much he wants them to succeed."
Usually, the family members/ involved get what's bothering them /out /in the open and talk about it.
Can you explain what you think about when you're flying through the air?
Kids who live in families where the fighting goes too far can let someone know what's going on.
who 절과 what 절의 역할이 어찌 다른지 보이나요?
It's important for people in a family to be able to tell each other how they feel and what they think, even when they disagree.
It's funny to laugh at how twisted the sentence became as it got passed around.
You really don't know why he was in the principal's office, right?
he had found out whatever could be found out.
직목
But [what has me most concerned /about the Secretary’s remarks] is the classic “we know better than you” attitude
/so endemic among governmental elites—whether it’s telling us [what kind of healthcare () we need, or how to teach our young ones /about the most intimate of human relations.
전목
But Christian truth isn’t made /of what [people //who call themselves Christians] say.
We must know more /about what we can expectto find /in a text and more /about how to draw meaning /from what we find. 전치사 about + 의문사절/명사절 = 전치사구 입니다
To fully understand texts, both in terms of what they mean(as readers) and how they are constructed
# "What you say to me is not as important as how you say it."
의문사 + 주어 + 동사 전치사 + 의문사절
# "I keep thinking about what happened yesterday."
전치사 + 의문사절
They produce a bumper crop, 30 or 60 or 100 /times what was sown.
Jack needed to discover grasshoppers and open spaces, and I needed to be reminded of how boys are turned into young men.
So what does Mr McMillan-Scott think of what is going on?
Kids often worry about what it means when parents fight.
But before you know it, everyone is talking about how Jake is in trouble and imagining why.
Why mess with what's working out?
I'm comfortable with what I'm going to do
But Sullivan, like my BreakPoint colleague Shane Morris, is even more concerned /about what it does to our souls.
진주어/진목적
And
like declarative content clauses, they are often postponed to the end
of their main clause, with an expletive it standing in their original
place, when they serve as the subject of a verb, or as the direct object
of a verb that links them to a predicative:
* It is not known where they came from.
* I find it encouraging how many young women are pursuing careers in science.
where 나 how 절이 의문사절로 편입된건 이것들 역시 의문문으로 만들면 의문사로 되는거고
의문사절처럼 명사역할을 하니 의문사절로 설명하나
부사절이 명사역할을 한다 설명해도 그게그거, 퍼렁감 땡감, 엎어치나 메치나 한가지
부사역할 의문사절
When you're asked /to describe the pace /at which you work, be careful how you respond.
how you respond 요 의문사절은 형용사 careful 수식하는 부사적 용법(형용사의 목적이라고도함)
형용사역할 의문사절 Interrogative content clauses
That way, they get a clear picture //how well you can work /in stressful situations.
형역으로 쓰인 의문사절/부사절
* you have [no idea //how good your love makes me feel],
*** Interrogative content clauses 형역 의문사절
Semantically, they can serve as adjective and noun complements,
but unlike their declarative counterparts, they are generally introduced by a preposition, especially of:
* … the question (of) who was responsible …
* … his curiosity (over) how it happened …
* … sure (of) what he had seen …
전치사구로 명사를 수식하는 형태에서 의문사절이 직접 명사를 수식하는 형태로 온 경우
의문사절은 동격 명사절의 형용사 역할로 본다
의문사절 예문
everyone wants to know what happened in the principal's office.
everyone is talking about how Jake is in trouble
Talking is how you spread your thoughts, ideas, and experiences /to people around you.
He forever favors residence of those who do [what is right].
s 3vt o
동사 뒤 목적 자리/위치에 쓰인 의문사절 역시 명사절 역할
동격;
관계대명사절은 불완전 문장으로 앞 명사를 수식하며 선행사가 종절에서 구조상의 한 역할을 하나
동격절은 완전문으로 앞 명사를 수식하며 선행사는 종절에서의 역할이 없음
They had no idea //what they could mean.
명 명
명+명 즉 동격의 관계로 쓰인 경우라
비록 구조상 명사절이지만 역할상은 형용사절이 되는 경우가
(예; John the Baptist)
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