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나는 15분 전에 왔다
I got here 15 minutes before(×)
I got here 15 minutes earlier(×)
I got here 15 minutes ago(○)
‘Before’와 ‘earlier’는 둘 다 비교할 때 쓰는 말입니다.
한국어의 ‘먼저’나 ‘~보다 일찍’이라고 해당한다. 따라서 비교의 대상이 없을 때 이 표현들을 쓰시면 안 돼요. 대신에 목적어 없어도 되는 ‘ago’를 쓰시면 됩니다.
How long has the teacher been here?
She got here about 15 minutes ago(○)
She got here 15 minutes before.(×)
반면에 누구보다 먼저 왔다는 의미로 쓸 때는 괜찮습니다.
예를 들어서 ‘그 사람이 나보다 15분 더 일찍 왔다’는 말은 ‘He got here 15 minutes before me’라고 하시면 됩니다.
You know before me
넌 나보다 먼저 안다
또는 ‘earlier’라는 단어도 ‘early’의 비교급이므로 역시 비교할 때만 쓰는 말입니다.
‘원래 계획보다 15분 더 일찍 왔다’
I got here 15 minutes earlier than we had planned(○)
15분 있다가 떠나려고 합니다
I’ll leave after 15 minutes(×)
I’ll leave 15 minutes later(×)
위의 표현처럼 이 두 말은 목적어가 필요해서 ‘after’를 따로 쓰시면 상대방이 ‘after what? (뭐보다 더 늦게?)’라고 궁금해할 거예요. 한국어로 갑자기 아무 설명 없이 ‘그것보다 15분 더 늦게 떠나겠다’하는 것과 비슷합니다.
‘Later’를 ‘late’의 비교급으로 쓸 때 ‘더 늦은’이라는 의미라서 ’15분 더 늦은’이라고 하면 문법에 안 맞습니다.
반면에 ‘later’ 부사 용법인 ‘나중에’라고 해석할 수도 있는데 ‘언제 떠나?’ , ’15분 나중에’라고 안 하듯이 영어로도 ’15 minutes later’라고 하시면 안 됩니다.
그렇다면 맞게 쓰려면 뭐라고 해야 할까요?
바로 ‘in’입니다. ‘그런데 ‘in’은 ‘안에’라는 의미 아닌가’ 라고 생각하고 계시죠?무슨 무슨 기간 ‘안에’라는 의미로는 ‘within’이라고 쓰고 ‘후’라는 의미로 ‘in’을 씁니다.
따라서 ’15분 후에 떠나겠다’는 말은 ‘I’ll leave in 15 minutes’이고 ‘I’ll leave 15 minutes after’와 ‘I’ll leave 15 minutes later’ 그대로 쓰시면 문법에 안 맞습니다.
주의: 한 마디로 대답할 때, 예를 들어서 ‘언제 떠나?’, ‘나중에’라고 할 때는 그냥 ‘later’라고 말해도 됩니다. 이때는 몇 분 뒤나 정확한 기간을 언급하지 않아서 괜찮고 그냥 ‘in’이라고 대답할 수 없으니까요. 물론 축약형이고 함축된 의미는 ‘(지금보다) 더 늦게’입니다.
요약: ‘전’ = ‘ago’. ‘후’ equals ‘in’ .
회화 연습
When did you get here? About 15 minutes ago.When did you come to Korea? Five years ago.When are you planning to return to the US?In a month or two.When are you going to head home?In about half an hour.
‘더 일찍’이나 ‘먼저’라는 의미로
When did Mike show up?About 20 minutes before I got here.When does the next show start?About an hour after the last one finishes.Who got here earlier, Sara or Mark?Mark got here earlier.I got here later than Mark.He was already here when I showed up.That movie came out way before “Star Wars.”My brother was born three years before me.
Hey, everyone! Welcome to my site.
하루에 하나씩 새 표현을 배웁시다!
흔히 하는 실수
(x) English makes me hard.
(o) English is hard for me.
(x) Recently, I'm hard because...
(o) Recently, I'm having a hard time because...
(x) Especially, I'm sick...
(o) Especially, because I'm sick...
(x) I studied in there for a year.
(o) I studied there for a year.
(x) I went to Philippine.
(o) I went to the Philippines.
(x) In real
(o) In reality
(o) In real life
(x) Dear my friend
(o) My dear friend
(x) Dear my teacher
(o) My dear teacher
(x) I'm watching the Olympic.
(o) I'm watching the Olympics.
(x) I went to fitness.
(x) I went to health.
(o) I worked out.
(o) I went to the gym.
(x) Don't do like that.
(o) Don't do it like that.
(o) Don't do it that way.
(x) I was busy to study all weekend.
(o) I was busy studying all weekend.
(x) I have another schedule.
(x) I have another plan.
(o) I have other plans.
(x) This restaurant has lots of menus
(o) This restaurant has a big menu
(o) This restaurant has a variety of entrees
(x) I'm at my company.
(o) I'm at work.
(x) He entered a good college.
(o) He got into a good college.
(x) near from
(o) near
(o) near to
(x) He suggested me to go there
(o) He suggested that I go there
(x) His skin is so greasy
(o) His skin is so oily
(x) Cream spaghetti is too greasy
(x) This cake is too greasy
(o) This cake is too rich
(o) This spaghetti is too rich
(x) Mama boy
(o) Mama's boy
(x) I've been to the US last year
(o) I went to the US last year
(o) I've been to the US
(x) He didn't answer my phone
(o) He didn't answer my call
(x) It was my first time to go there
(x) This is my first time to come here
(o) It was the first time I had gone there
(o) This is my first time here
(o) This is the first time I've been here
(x) He praised me
(o) He complimented me
(x) Even I go there, ...
(o) Even if I go there, ...
(x) He is leaving to America
(o) He is leaving for America
(x) He is a staff there
(o) He is a member of the staff there
(x) I have a plan with my friend
(o) I have plans with my friend
(x) I had a promise with him
(o) I had plans with him
(x) He recommended me to see that
(o) He recommended that I see that
(x) I'll leave after 15 minutes
(x) I'll leave 15 minutes later
(o) I'll leave in 15 minutes
(x) I'm so stressful
(o) I'm so stressed out
(x) He has no enough
(o) He doesn't have enough
(x) I'm in an English study
(o) I'm in an English study group
(x) What's the spell?
(o) What's the spelling?
(o) How do you spell that?
(x) I want to include in this
(o) I want to be included in this
(x) Teach me slangs
(o) Teach me slang
(x) He's my senior
(o) He's a senior employee
(o) He's my superior
(x) It's service
(o) It's on the house
(x) 5km
(o) 5 km
(x) I went to abroad
(o) I went abroad
(x) May I have your sign?
(o) May I have your signature?
(x) Comming soon
(o) Coming soon
(x) Grand open
(o) Grand opening
(x) Make him to study
(o) Make him study
(x) 25-years-old man
(o) 25-year-old man
(x) I like here
(o) I like it here
(x) I took subway
(o) I took the subway
(전화할 때)
(x) I am Jungmin
(o) This is Jungmin
(x) I have so much stuffs
(o) I have so much stuff
(x) He's so a nice guy
(o) He's such a nice guy
(x) His saying is right
(o) What he's saying is right
(x) Congratulation
(o) Congratulations
(x) I told to him
(o) I told him
(x) He's in twenties
(o) He's in his twenties
(x) The world best
(o) The world's best
(x) My condition is not good
(o) I'm not in good condition
(x) I called to my friend
(o) I called my friend
(x) The teacher yelled to him
(o) The teacher yelled at him
(x) It's very hard to me
(o) It's very hard for me
Podcast about this!
(x) Vocabs or vocabularies
(o) Vocabulary
(x) Got married with him
(o) Got married to him
(x) The same with you
(o) The same as you
(x) I'm so poor
(o) Oh, poor me!
(x) I went to home
(o) I went home
(x) I came to here
(o) I came here
(x) My dream is doctor
(o) My dream is to be a doctor
(x) I borrowed him money
(o) I lent him some money
(x) My hobby is reading a book
(o) My hobby is reading (books)
(x) I'm successed at that
(o) I was successful at that
(o) I succeeded in doing that
(x) like books and etc.
(0) like books etc.
(x) I lost my weight
(o) I lost weight
(x) It starts after two hours
(o) It starts in two hours
요즘 뜨는 표현
응급조치 emergency measures
방사선량 radiation levels
원자로 a nuclear reactor
여진 an aftershock
징계위원회 disciplinary committee
파면 a dismissal
교섭의 결렬
a breakdown in talks
상습범 habitual offender
반정부 세력
anti-government protesters
KTX 탈선 train derailment
고위 당국자
high-ranking officials
군사 실무 회담
working-level military talks
쟁점 point of contention
or a sticking point
Hacktivist (해커 + 활동가)
권한을 침해하다
encroach on authority
FTA 비준동의안
motion to ratify FTA
유엔 안보리
UN Security Council
권력의 분할 division of power
중앙권력 centralized authority
영하의 기온
sub-zero temperatures
구제역
hoof-and-mouth disease
방역선 a quarantine cordon
개헌 constitutional amendment
새해 예산안 next year's budget
법안을 통과시키다 pass a bill
난장판 a scene of great tumult
도발 provocation
군 수뇌부 top commanders
동원하다 to mobilize
항모 an aircraft carrier
해안포대 a coastal battery
전투기 비상출격
to scramble fighter jets
포격 an artillery strike
Podcast about this!
체벌 corporal punishment
고등 교육 higher education
금단 증상 withdrawal symptoms
내성적인 introverted
외향적인 extroverted
촌스럽다 tacky
비몽사몽 half asleep
하숙집 a boarding house
사고방식 way of thinking
공회전 idle
사채업자 loan shark
규모 scope
격차 margin
잡동사니 paraphernalia
게임기game console
유행 / 열풍 fad, craze
컴맹인 computer illiterate
느끼한(사람에 대해서) sleazy
향수병 homesickness
회식 a company get-together
미루다 to put off
무단 횡단 jaywalking
무단 투기 littering
유족 the bereaved (family)
재미 있는 영어 표현 : )
He completely lost it
그는 완전히 폭발했다.
He lost his cool
이성을 잃을 만큼 화냈다
Podcast about this!
건강염려증 hypochondria
그 애 완전 낚였다
He completely fell for it
폭탄주
Whiskey bomb
Soju bomb etc.
He showed his true colors
그는 본성을 드러냈다
Don't boss me around
나한테 이래라 저래라하지 마라
He let the cat out of the bag
그는 비밀을 누설했다
I'm a dog person
(고양이보다) 개를 좋아해요
He's the life of the party
그는 분위기 메이커다
A closet ~
비밀로 __ 하는 사람
A closet smoker
A closet melodrama lover
I think I'm gonna puke
토할 것 같아
To have a weak stomach
비위가 약하다
Bible-thumper
열렬한 기독교 신자
To play dumb
시치미 떼다
To feign innocence
내숭떨다
To play hard to get
튕기다
I got taken (for a ride)
사기 당했어
I'll leave it up to you
It's your call
네가 정해
To black out
필름이 끊기다
Dig in
마음 놓고 실컷 먹으라는 말
While we’re on the subject
그 말이 나온 김에
It’s on me; I’ll get this
내가 쏜다, 내가 쏠게
Slurping
후루룩 소리내며 먹다/마시다
Couch potato, bum
백수
a morning person, a night person
아침형 (인간), 저녁형 (인간)
I’m not photogenic
난 사진발이 안좋다
a nerd
범생이
To show off
자기 자랑하다
A match made in heaven
천생연분
유용한 표현들
To make a living
먹고살기하다
To rest on one's laurels
(이미 얻은 영예/승리에) 안주하다
He's very photogenic
그는 사진발 좀 받아요
The portions are too small
양이 너무 작아요
My mouth is watering!
군침나네
A sociable person
사교적인 사람
Word of mouth
입소문
Sooner or later
조만간
She looks better in real life
그녀는 실물이 낫다
What's your limit?
주량이 어떻게 돼요?
To have a conservative bent
보수적으로 치우치다
It's OK with me
나한테 괜찮아
(그렇게 하는 것은)
From my vantage point
내 관점에서 보면
Make a ritual offering
제사를 지내다
At a glance
한눈에
With a single stroke
In one sitting
단번에
To take a leave of absence
To take a semester off
휴학하다
of utmost importance
무엇보다 중요한
Military service
병역 의무
Don’t overdo it
무리하지 마세요
To stick it out
초지일관, 끝까지 버티다
I can't stand it anymore
나는 더 이상 못 참겠어